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\"The last decades have witnessed a growing emphasis on the relationship between environmental law and criminal law. Legislation aimed at tackling environmental crime has been adopted at national, EU, and international level and has been gradually evolving over time. These developments notwithstanding, the current legal framework faces a number of challenges in tackling the largely inter-related phenomena of transnational, organised and economic environmental crime. This study by Valsamis Mitsilegas and Fabio Giuffrida addresses these challenges by focusing on the role of the European Union- and more specifically its criminal justice agencies (Europol and Eurojust)- in tackling transnational environmental crime. The study analyses the role of Eurojust and Europol in supporting and coordinating the competent national authorities dealing with investigations and/or prosecutions on transnational environmental crime, and it shows that, for the time being, the full potential of these agencies is not adequately exploited with regard to fighting this phenomenon effectively\"--Back cover.

Aim: The aim of the article is to present the practical experience of cooperation between Europol, which plays a key role in international criminal cooperation, and Hungary. Methodology: The author collected knowledge about the operation of Europol and its investigative support services by studying the available EU legislation, and by working as the Head of the Hungarian Liaison Bureau at Europol, as well as by carrying out the tasks of the former expert in the cyber-attacks priority and the deputy national EMPACT coordinator. Findings: Europol’s system of cooperation with the Member States and operational and strategic partners provides the law enforcement agencies of the countries concerned with an opportunity that no other agency, institution or organisation can offer. In addition to supporting specific investigations, the institutional system also provides countries with IT, strategic and financial support. Value: The article aims to provide a practical and comprehensive overview of the state of cooperation with Europol, to give a deeper insight into the day-to-day work of the law enforcement and judicial authorities and to provide the interested reader with contextualised insights into the steps and processes involved. Aim: The aim of the article is to present the practical experience of cooperation between Europol, which plays a key role in international criminal cooperation, and Hungary. Methodology: The author collected knowledge about the operation of Europol and its investigative support services by studying the available EU legislation, and by working as the Head of the Hungarian Liaison Bureau at Europol, as well as by carrying out the tasks of the former expert in the cyber-attacks priority and the deputy national EMPACT coordinator. Findings: Europol’s system of cooperation with the Member States and operational and strategic partners provides the law enforcement agencies of the countries concerned with an opportunity that no other agency, institution or organisation can offer. In addition to supporting specific investigations, the institutional system also provides countries with IT, strategic and financial support. Value: The article aims to provide a practical and comprehensive overview of the state of cooperation with Europol, to give a deeper insight into the day-to-day work of the law enforcement and judicial authorities and to provide the interested reader with contextualised insights into the steps and processes involved.

Aim: The aim of the article is to present the practical experience of cooperation between Europol, which plays a key role in international criminal cooperation, and Hungary. Methodology: The author collected knowledge about the operation of Europol and its investigative support services by studying the available EU legislation, and by working as the Head of the Hungarian Liaison Bureau at Europol, as well as by carrying out the tasks of the former expert in the cyber-attacks priority and the deputy national EMPACT coordinator. Findings: Europol’s system of cooperation with the Member States and operational and strategic partners provides the law enforcement agencies of the countries concerned with an opportunity that no other agency, institution or organisation can offer. In addition to supporting specific investigations, the institutional system also provides countries with IT, strategic and financial support. Value: The article aims to provide a practical and comprehensive overview of the state of cooperation with Europol, to give a deeper insight into the day-to-day work of the law enforcement and judicial authorities and to provide the interested reader with contextualized insights into the steps and processes involved. Cél: Az írás célja a nemzetközi bűnügyi együttműködésben kiemelt szerepet betöltő Europol és Magyarország közötti együttműködés tapasztalatainak gyakorlati szempontú bemutatása. Módszertan: Az Europol működésével és a nyomozásokat támogató szolgáltatásaival kapcsolatos ismereteket az elérhető uniós szabályozások áttanulmányozásával, valamint a jelenleg ellátott Europol Magyar Összekötő Iroda, irodavezetői feladatainak ellátásával, továbbá a kibertámadások prioritásban korábban betöltött szakértői, és a nemzeti EMPACT koordinátor helyettesi feladatok gyakorlati végrehajtásával gyűjtötte a szerző. Megállapítások: Az Europol által a tagállamok, valamint az operatív és stratégiai partnerek részvételével kialakított együttműködési rendszere olyan lehetőséget biztosít az érintett országok rendvédelmi szervei számára, amelyeket más ügynökség, intézmény, szerveződés nem képes. A konkrét nyomozások támogatásán túl az intézményrendszer informatikai, stratégiai és pénzügyi támogatásokat is nyújt az országoknak. Érték: A tanulmány gyakorlati jellegű, átfogó képet kíván mutatni az Europollal való együttműködés helyzetéről, amelynek segítségével a bűnügyi és igazságügyi hatóságok munkatársai mélyebb betekintést kaphatnak a mindennapi feladatvégrehajtással kapcsolatban, illetve az érdeklődők összefüggéseiben is értelmezett válaszokat kaphatnak az egyes lépésekről, folyamatokról.

Aim: The aim of the article is to present the practical aspects of Europol’s role in Hungarian law enforcement. Methodology: We have collected knowledge about the operation of Europol, its services and support of law enforcement by studying the available EU and Hungarian regulations, as well as performing the former management tasks of Europol Hungarian Liaison Bureau, and practical implementation of the tasks of the crime coordinator assisting domestic procedures. Findings: Europol’s law enforcement services provide Hungarian law enforcement agencies with opportunities that cannot be provided by other agencies. In addition to supporting specific investigations, the institutional system also provides IT, strategic and financial support to countries. Value: The study provides operational, practical insights into the possibilities of cooperation with Europol, which will allow the staff of the criminal and judicial authorities to have a deeper insight into the more effective detection and investigation, as well as answers on the individual services and their future, also interpreted in the context of the readers. Aim: The aim of the article is to present the practical aspects of Europol’s role in Hungarian law enforcement. Methodology: We have collected knowledge about the operation of Europol, its services and support of law enforcement by studying the available EU and Hungarian regulations, as well as performing the former management tasks of Europol Hungarian Liaison Bureau, and practical implementation of the tasks of the crime coordinator assisting domestic procedures. Findings: Europol’s law enforcement services provide Hungarian law enforcement agencies with opportunities that cannot be provided by other agencies. In addition to supporting specific investigations, the institutional system also provides IT, strategic and financial support to countries. Value: The study provides operational, practical insights into the possibilities of cooperation with Europol, which will allow the staff of the criminal and judicial authorities to have a deeper insight into the more effective detection and investigation, as well as answers on the individual services and their future, also interpreted in the context of the readers.

Despite INTERPOL’s achievements through its global connection with and between all police forces, the current question is what place the largest international police organisation will take in police cooperation within the European Union. This question is indeed relevant given the European Union’s increasing role in the regulation, policy and coordination in the field of European police cooperation. It has also become clear in recent years that the European Union has been striving for more strategic autonomy in this globalised world and more geopolitical independence. This has not only been the case in the areas of energy supply, climate and defence, but also in police cooperation. In my current positions as IINTERPOL Vice-President for Europe, but also as a person directly involved in European police cooperation (including through the chairmanship of the Europol Management Board and the chairmanship of COSI 1 during the Belgian Presidency of the Council of the European Union in the first half of 2024), I think it would be interesting to reflect on that in this article.Aim: Opinion on the future role of INTERPOL in the European Union.Methodology: The various regulations and actions regarding police cooperation within the European Union are examined from the perspective of how INTERPOL relates to them.Findings: Despite the various initiatives developed within the European Union to establish internal European police cooperation both through the European agency Europol and its various European information systems, it is clear that INTERPOL remains a vital enabler of European police cooperation. Value: In the light of the willingness from the European Union to more strategic autonomy, also regarding police and security, and given the ongoing negotiations between EU and INTERPOL, it is clear that consideration must be given to the role that INTERPOL can still play within the EU. Annak ellenére, hogy az Interpol a globális kapcsolata révén milyen eredményeket ért el a rendőri szervekkel, a jelenlegi kérdés az, hogy a legnagyobb nemzetközi rendőri szervezet milyen helyet foglal el az Európai Unión belüli rendőrségi együttműködésben. Ez a kérdés valóban aktuális, mert az európai rendőrségi együttműködés területén az Európai Unió egyre növekvő szerepet tölt be a szabályozásban, a politikában és a koordinációban. Az elmúlt években az is világossá vált, hogy az Európai Unió a globalizált világban nagyobb stratégiai önállóságra és nagyobb geopolitikai függetlenségre törekszik. Ez nemcsak az energiaellátás, a klímaváltozás és a védelem területén mutatkozott meg, hanem a rendőrségi együttműködésben is. Jelenlegi pozícióimban – mint az Interpol európai alelnöke, s mint az európai rendőrségi együttműködésben közvetlenül érintett személy (többek között az Europol igazgatótanácsának elnökeként, és majd 2024 első felében a COSI 1 elnöki tisztségén keresztül az Európai Unió Tanácsának belga elnöksége alatt) – úgy gondolom, hogy érdemes erről elgondolkodni.Cél: Vélemény az Interpol jövőbeli szerepéről az Európai Unióban.Módszertan: Az Európai Unión belüli rendőrségi együttműködésre vonatkozó különböző rendeleteket és intézkedéseket abból a szempontból vizsgálja a szerző, hogy az Interpol hogyan viszonyul hozzájuk. Megállapítások: Annak ellenére, hogy az Európai Unión belül különböző kezdeményezések születtek a belső európai rendőrségi együttműködés kialakítására az Europol európai ügynökségen és annak különböző európai információs rendszerein keresztül, egyértelmű, hogy az Interpol továbbra is az európai rendőrségi együttműködés létfontosságú eszköze marad.Érték: Tekintettel az Európai Unió nagyobb stratégiai autonómiára való hajlandóságára a rendőrség és a biztonság területén is, valamint az EU és az Interpol között folyamatban lévő tárgyalások fényében egyértelmű, hogy mérlegelni kell azt a szerepet, amelyet az Interpol az Európai Unión belül még betölthet.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2025 10(3), 747-778 | Article | (Table of Contents) 1. Introduction. – 2. From Member State dependency to EU information hub. – 2.1. The first steps towards Europol’s emergence as an information hub. – 2.2. Two decisive changes to Europol’s founding acts. – 2.3. The Recast Europol Regulation. – 3. Europol’s involvement in different areas of EU police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. – 3.1. EU large-scale information systems and interoperability. – 3.2. PNR Data. – 3.3. AML. – 3.4. Terrorist content online. – 4. What more is there to come? – 4.1. Protection of children online. – 4.2. The Police Cooperation Code and Prüm II. – 5. Conclusion and outlook. | (Abstract) On 1st July 2024, Europol celebrated its 25th anniversary. Evolving from informal police cooperation in the 1970s, the Agency has undergone remarkable changes over the years. Indeed, when the then Europol Drugs Unit commenced its operation in 1999, it seemed difficult to imagine where Europol, as fully-fledged EU Agency, would stand two decades later. Over the years, its capacity to support, coordinate security and even steer cooperation among national authorities through the use of digital technologies transformed Europol into the EU’s primary information hub, developing into a crucial pillar of the EU’s security architecture. With its processing activities, Europol is involved in all areas covered in this Special Section and beyond, from large-scale IT systems, Information Alerts in the Schengen Information System, the processing of PNR data, Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and cooperation between Financial Intelligence Units, the Prüm framework, and illegal content online such as terrorist propaganda. Europol plays a pivotal role in all legislative texts and proposals. Often these topics are addressed in silos. Therefore, this article seeks to address this gap in the literature by looking at the areas covered in this Special Section and Europol’s involvement in all of them.

Aim: The aim of this article is to highlight the importance of leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) in law enforcement to combat serious organised crime and terrorism, while ensuring responsible and accountable use of AI tools through collaboration and knowledge-sharing among European law enforcement agencies. Methodology: The study uses a descriptive methodology to describe the development and cooperation process through which the Innovation Lab contributes to the innovation development and knowledge sharing of Europol and its member countries. Findings: With the increasing volume and speed of investigative data, AI has emerged as a promising solution to help law enforcement agencies process and analyse large and complex datasets. Europol has been at the forefront of developing and sharing AI tools with its Member States, ensuring their responsible and accountable use. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in law enforcement investigations has been found to significantly enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of crime fighting, particularly in processing and analysing large and complex datasets. Value: The article highlights the importance of collaboration and knowledge-sharing among law enforcement agencies to keep pace with AI advancements and prevent criminal abuse of these technologies. Aim: The aim of this article is to highlight the importance of leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) in law enforcement to combat serious organised crime and terrorism, while ensuring responsible and accountable use of AI tools through collaboration and knowledge-sharing among European law enforcement agencies. Methodology: The study uses a descriptive methodology to describe the development and cooperation process through which the Innovation Lab contributes to the innovation development and knowledge sharing of Europol and its member countries. Findings: With the increasing volume and speed of investigative data, AI has emerged as a promising solution to help law enforcement agencies process and analyse large and complex datasets. Europol has been at the forefront of developing and sharing AI tools with its Member States, ensuring their responsible and accountable use. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in law enforcement investigations has been found to significantly enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of crime fighting, particularly in processing and analysing large and complex datasets. Value: The article highlights the importance of collaboration and knowledge-sharing among law enforcement agencies to keep pace with AI advancements and prevent criminal abuse of these technologies.

Aim: The paper attempts to take stock and present the most significant dilemmas and challenges of cross border criminal data and intelligence exchange between law enforcement authorities of EU Member States that can be experienced by police personnel in the field at the moment. Methodology: In addition to the relevant legislation, recommendations and best practices, the paper – based on personal experience as a police professional, supplemented by insights of the members of the EU law enforcement community – describes and illustrates the various challenges of today’s international police cooperation landscape. Findings: The EU law enforcement information exchange scene is in the midst of its transformation due to globalisation and the progressive information and communication technology advancement. The evolution of the institutionalised cross border criminal data and intelligence exchange has to keep up with the world of crime and reflect the challenges which arise from the sensitive nature of the policy area itself, where any substantial development can only be reached by innovation and capacity building of the law enforcement sector. Value: This snapshot is to give a structured overview and to draw more attention to the complexity and the controversies of the international law enforcement information exchange landscape, which policy-makers and police professionals have to face nowadays in order to successfully prevent, detect or investigate cross border criminal offences. Aim: The paper attempts to take stock and present the most significant dilemmas and challenges of cross border criminal data and intelligence exchange between law enforcement authorities of EU Member States that can be experienced by police personnel in the field at the moment. Methodology: In addition to the relevant legislation, recommendations and best practices, the paper – based on personal experience as a police professional, supplemented by insights of the members of the EU law enforcement community – describes and illustrates the various challenges of today’s international police cooperation landscape. Findings: The EU law enforcement information exchange scene is in the midst of its transformation due to globalisation and the progressive information and communication technology advancement. The evolution of the institutionalised cross border criminal data and intelligence exchange has to keep up with the world of crime and reflect the challenges which arise from the sensitive nature of the policy area itself, where any substantial development can only be reached by innovation and capacity building of the law enforcement sector. Value: This snapshot is to give a structured overview and to draw more attention to the complexity and the controversies of the international law enforcement information exchange landscape, which policy-makers and police professionals have to face nowadays in order to successfully prevent, detect or investigate cross border criminal offences.