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Objective: To develop evidence-based recommendations for effective and safe diagnostic assessment and intervention strategies for the physiotherapy treatment of patients in intensive care units. Methods: We used the EBRO method, as recommended by the ‘Dutch Evidence Based Guideline Development Platform’ to develop an ‘evidence statement for physiotherapy in the intensive care unit’. This method consists of the identification of clinically relevant questions, followed by a systematic literature search, and summary of the evidence with final recommendations being moderated by feedback from experts. Results: Three relevant clinical domains were identified by experts: criteria to initiate treatment; measures to assess patients; evidence for effectiveness of treatments. In a systematic literature search, 129 relevant studies were identified and assessed for methodological quality and classified according to the level of evidence. The final evidence statement consisted of recommendations on eight absolute and four relative contra-indications to mobilization; a core set of nine specific instruments to assess impairments and activity restrictions; and six passive and four active effective interventions, with advice on (a) physiological measures to observe during treatment (with stopping criteria) and (b) what to record after the treatment. Conclusions: These recommendations form a protocol for treating people in an intensive care unit, based on best available evidence in mid-2014.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine personal and professional factors in determining the research activity and research culture among dental teaching faculty members in Hyderabad City, Telangana. Materials and Method: Two dental schools with ongoing dental undergraduate and postgraduate programmes were included in the study. The Research and Development (R&D) Culture Index Questionnaire comprising 16 items was employed for this study. Also, self-reported research activity undertaken in the past twelve months was recorded. The association of demographic variables and professionally related variables with the perception of R&D culture and participation in research activities was assessed using the Chi-square test. A P value was set at 0.05. Results: Of the one-hundred and fifteen faculty members who participated in the study, seventy-four (64.4%) worked in the government sector and forty-one (35.6%) in privately funded dental college. The mean age of the study population was 34.11 + 7.13 years. The majority of them presented a paper or poster at the conference (66.1%; 76) followed by publishing paper in peer-review journal (42.6%; 49) and grant application for research (6.1%; 7), and authoring of a textbook was undertaken by only 2.6% of the study population. Males (61.1%; P = 0.04) and those employed in private dental college (65.8%; P = 0.02) had significantly high levels of overall perception than their respective counterparts. Conclusion: Our study concludes that this study population has a positive perception (50.32 + 6.95) towards research with the majority of them having done a paper or poster publication (66.1%) in the last one year.

Objectives: To identify interventions that aim to reduce dependency in activities of daily living (ADL) in homecare service users. To determine: content; effectiveness in improving ability to perform ADL; and whether delivery by qualified occupational therapists influences effectiveness. Data sources: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, PsycINFO, OTseeker, PEDro, Web of Science, CIRRIE, and ASSIA. Review methods: We included: randomised controlled trials, non-randomised controlled trials and controlled before and after studies. Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. A narrative synthesis of the findings was conducted. Results: Thirteen studies were included, totalling 4975 participants. Ten (77%) were judged to have risk of bias. Interventions were categorised as those termed ‘re-ablement’ or ‘restorative homecare’ (n=5/13); and those involving separate components which were not described using this terminology (n=8/13). Content of the intervention and level of health professional input varied within and between studies. Effectiveness on ADL: eight studies included an ADL outcome, five favoured the intervention group, only two with statistical significance, both these were controlled before and after studies judged at high risk of bias. ADL outcome was reported using seven different measures. Occupational therapy: there was insufficient evidence to determine whether involvement of qualified occupational therapists influenced effectiveness. Conclusion: There is limited evidence that interventions targeted at personal ADL can reduce homecare service users’ dependency with activities, the content of evaluated interventions varies greatly.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate behavioural therapy as a treatment for low mood in people with aphasia. Design: A randomized controlled trial comparing behavioural therapy plus usual care with a usual care control. Potential participants with aphasia after stroke were screened for the presence of low mood. Those who met the criteria and gave consent were randomly allocated. Setting: Participants were recruited from hospital wards, community rehabilitation, speech and language therapy services and stroke groups. Subjects: Of 511 people with aphasia identified, 105 had low mood and were recruited. Interventions: Behavioural therapy was offered for up to three months. Outcomes were assessed three and six months after random allocation. Main measures: Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire, Visual Analog Mood Scales ‘sad’ item, and Visual Analogue Self-Esteem Scale. Results: Participants were aged 29 to 94 years (mean 67.0, SD 13.5) and 66 (63%) were men. Regression analysis showed that at three months, when baseline values and communication impairment were controlled for, group allocation was a significant predictor of the Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire (P < 0.05), visual analogue ‘sad’ (P = 0.03), and Visual Analogue Self-Esteem Scale (P < 0.01). At six months, group alone was a significant predictor of the Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire (P < 0.05), and remained significant when baseline values were controlled for (P = 0.02). Mean Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire 10-item hospital version scores decreased from baseline to six months by six points in the intervention group as compared with an increase of 1.9 points in the control group. Conclusions: Behavioural therapy seemed to improve the mood of people with aphasia.

Introduction: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) suffer from mucocutaneous changes that could significantly impair the quality of life. We aimed this study to assess the mucocutaneous changes in hemodialysis patients and to correlate the serum creatinine to these changes. Methods: Data were collected from the Hemodialysis Center at Benha University. A cross-sectional study design on 130 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients (30-60 years old, 84 males, 46 females) undergoing hemodialysis. Oral examinations were done for these patients as per the modified World Health Organization oral health survey 2013 criteria. All the mucocutaneous changes were recorded then types, distribution, and frequencies were calculated and correlated to serum creatinine. Results: Mucocutaneous abnormalities were present in 100% of the studied CKD sample. We observed that pallor (76.2%), xerostomia (70%), petechiae/purpura (49.2%), altered taste (49.2%), and lip pigmentation (40.8%) were the most prevalent mucocutaneous changes among the CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. A strong association was detected between serum creatinine and the following: abnormal lip pigmentation and lichen planus. Discussion: There is an association between lip pigmentation and lichen planus in CKD patients and the level of serum creatinine as the higher level of serum creatinine was found in the patients with abnormal lip pigmentation and the atrophic lichen planus patients.

Abstract Background: Irreversible hydrocolloid materials are widely used for both diagnostic and definitive impression procedures. Impressions can be disinfected by immersion or spraying in any compatible disinfectant. Disinfectants should not adversely affect the dimensional stability of the impression and physical properties of impression material and subsequent dental cast. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a hypochlorous disinfectant solution mixed with irreversible hydrocolloid on setting time, antibacterial efficacy, and dimensional stability. Methodology: Three groups were made with one control group and three alginate impression was made for each participants in the maxillary arch with 24-hours intervals between one another using the same brand of commercially available chromatic alginate. The working and setting time were noted. Bacterial swabs were collected using a dry sterile cotton swab in the mid palatal region. Dental casts were made using type III gypsum. Result: The working and setting time had significant differences whereas the dimension among the cast has no significant difference. Microbial growth analysis had distinct differences among the groups. Conclusion: The self disinfection method using a pioneer solution of hypochlorous HOCl (100 ppm) to mix the alginate impression material rather than the water with the same powder-liquid ratio prescribed by the manufacturer had the same dimensional stability with improved antimicrobial action.

Background: With the shift in focus from the hard to soft tissue in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, the scope of orthodontic treatment has grown beyond achieving an ideal occlusion, also to achieve ideal aesthetic facial proportions. Since time immemorial, the various horizontal and vertical proportions of an ideal face is considered to follow the golden/divine ratio. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the vertical and horizontal proportions of the face and their relation of phi in males and females of Dakshina Kannada population. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 100 subjects, which included 50 males and 50 females, aged between 18 and 30 years. Photographs were taken under standardized condition and adjusted to a standardized image size (5″ × 4″). Adobe Photoshop CS5.1 software was used for making all the measurements. A total of 11 vertical and horizontal ratios were independently measured for males and females, and their relation to phi was assessed. The data were subjected to Shapiro-Wilk test for testing the normality. Homogeneity of variance assumption was tested by using Levene statistic homogeneity of variance. One sample t test was used for the comparison between phi and mean vertical and horizontal ratios in males and females. Results: In males and females of the Dakshina Kannada, a statistically significant correlation was seen between all the horizontal and vertical facial proportions and phi (p < 0.05). Between male and female groups, a significant difference was noted in the intertemporal/intercanthal ratio, interalae/nose width and Intereye-soft menton/ala-soft menton (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Golden proportion can be used as a guideline in orthodontic treatment planning. However, it should not be the decisive factor in determining the facial attractiveness.

Abstract Aim and Objective: The objective of our study was to build a convolutional neural network (CNN) model and detection and classification of benign and malignant radiolucent lesions in orthopantomogram (OPG) by implementing CNN. Method: Two basic CNN models were implemented on Anaconda with Python 3 on 64-bit, CNN-I for detection of radiolucency and CNN-II for classification of radiolucency into benign and malignant lesions. One hundred fifty eight OPG with radiolucency and 115 OPG without radiolucency was used for training and validation of CNN models. Data augmentation was performed for the training and validation dataset. The evaluation of the performance of both CNN by new data consisting (60 OPG images) 30 benign and 30 malignant lesions. Statistical Analysis: Performed using SPSS (Statistical package for social science) 20.0 version. The descriptive statistics was performed. The Cohen kappa correlation coefficient was used for assessment of reliability of the diagnostic methods. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Determination of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value was also performed. Result: CNN-I showing sensitivity for detection of the benign lesion is 76.6% and sensitivity for the malignant lesion is 63.3% with overall sensitivity is 70%. CNN-II showing sensitivity for classification of the benign lesion is 70% and for classification of the malignant lesion is 63.3% with overall classification sensitivity is 66.6%. The kappa correlation coefficient value for diagnosis made by CNN-II is 0.333 and P < .05. Conclusion: Both CNN showed statistically significant and satisfactory results in detecting and classifying radiolucency in OPG.

Abstract Context: The lack of a suitable armamentarium to aid in the disinfection and handling of gutta-percha (GP) cones during obturation has been a common challenge amongst dentists. Aims: This study assessed the clinical usability of 'Vasundhara's (V) Transit GP' through a questionnaire-based survey. Settings and Design: This questionnaire-based study was conducted in Davanagere, Karnataka, in February 2021 for 4 months. Methods and Material: The design was 3D printed using a heat-resistant polypropylene material and named 'Vasundhara's Transit for Gutta Percha (V Transit GP)'. Eighteen postgraduate students participated in the study. Fourteen cases were done by each student, seven without and seven with the use of 'V Transit GP'. The GP cones, before obturation, were transferred to their respective canal slots containing 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for one minute and then transferred to their respective distilled water slots. The cones were dried with sterile gauze and taken for obturation. At the end of the procedure, a questionnaire was handed out, the responses were recorded, and the results were tabulated and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 software. Results: The results showed that without the use of 'V Transit GP', 84.2% of the dentists felt that the disinfection and handling of GP cones were difficult, whereas with the use of 'V Transit GP', 94.2% of the participants found it to be extremely easy. Conclusions: 'V Transit GP' proved to be an extremely efficient and user-friendly equipment for easy handling and disinfection of GP cones during obturation.

Context: Human growth shows considerable variation. In addition to constitutional differences in the timing of maturation, there are diseases, systemic disorders and environmental factors that may affect a child's physiologic maturity. Interrelationships among skeletal, somatic and sexual maturity have been shown to be consistently strong. The study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between dental calcification stages and skeletal maturity indicators. Materials and Methods: The hand wrist radiographs, the lateral cephalogram and the orthopantomogram (OPG) of 120 patients (60 males and 60 females, age group 8-14 years) were taken. The hand wrist radiographs were analyzed using Fishman's skeletal maturity index (SMI), and the cephalograms analyzed by cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) by Baccetti. OPG was analyzed according to the Demirjian's system. Result: On assessment, cervical vertebrae maturation indicator (CVMI) staging showed significant results with a correlation coefficient of 0.716 being the highest in canines in males while assessment of dental calcification stages and its comparison with skeletal maturity indicator showed insignificant results. The correlation coefficient values were 0.11, 0.09, 0.09 and 0.13 for canine, first premolar, second premolar and second molar respectively. Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between the maturation stage of cervical vertebrae and calcification stages of canine, first premolar, second premolar and second molar as determined by Demirjian's method.