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Historic Residential Redlining and Present-Day Social Determinants of Health, Home Evictions, and Food Insecurity within US Neighborhoods
Examine the association between historic residential redlining and present-day racial/ethnic composition of neighborhoods, racial/ethnic differences in social determinant of health domains, and risk of home evictions and food insecurity.
We examined data on 12,334 (for eviction sample), and 8996 (for food insecurity sample), census tracts in 213 counties across 37 states in the USA with data on exposure to historic redlining. First, we examined relationships between Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) redlining grades (A=\"Best\", B=\"Still Desirable\", C=\"Definitely Declining\", D=\"Hazardous\") and present-day racial/ethnic composition and racial/ethnic differences in social determinant of health domains of neighborhoods. Second, we examined whether historic redlining is associated with present-day home eviction rates (measured across eviction filings rates, and eviction judgment rates for 12,334 census tracts in 2018) and food insecurity (measured across low supermarket access, low supermarket access and income, low supermarket access and low car ownership for 8996 census tracts in 2019). Multivariable regression models were adjusted for census tract population, urban/rural designation, and county level fixed effects.
Relative to areas with a historic HOLC grading of \"A (Best)\", areas with a \"D (Hazardous)\" grading had a 2.59 (95%CI=1.99-3.19; p-value<0.01) higher rate of eviction filings, and a 1.03 (95%CI=0.80-1.27; p-value<0.01) higher rate of eviction judgments. Compared to areas with a historic HOLC grading of \"A (Best)\", areas rated with a \"D (Hazardous)\" had a 16.20 (95%CI=15.02-17.79; p-value<0.01) higher rate of food insecurity based on supermarket access and income, and a 6.15 (95%CI =5.53-6.76; p-value<0.01) higher rate of food insecurity based on supermarket access and car ownership.
Historic residential redlining is significantly associated with present-day home evictions and food insecurity, highlighting persistent associations between structural racism and present-day social determinants of health.
Journal Article
Sperling says Biden is looking for whatever federal authority he has to stop evictions
Gene Sperling, the White House official in charge of overseeing the coronavirus relief package, on Aug. 2 said President Biden is triple checking whether eviction moratoriums can be done in places even though legal authority looks \"slim.\"
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Witness to loss : race, culpability, and memory in the dispossession of Japanese Canadians
\"When the federal government uprooted and interned Japanese Canadians en masse in 1942, Kishizo Kimura saw his life upended along with tens of thousands of others. But his story is also unique: as a member of two controversial committees that oversaw the forced sale of the property of Japanese Canadians in Vancouver during the Second World War, Kimura participated in the dispossession of his own community. In Witness to Loss, Kimura's previously unknown memoir--written in the last years of his life--is translated from Japanese to English and published for the first time. This remarkable document chronicles a history of racism in British Columbia, describes the activities of the committees on which Kimura served, and seeks to defend his actions. Diverse reflections of leading historians, sociologists, and a community activist and educator who lived through this history give context to the memoir, inviting readers to grapple with a rich and contentious past. More complex than just hero or villain, oppressor or victim, Kimura raises important questions about the meaning of resistance and collaboration and the constraints faced by an entire generation. Illuminating the difficult, even impossible, circumstances that confronted the victims of racist state action in the mid-twentieth century, Witness to Loss reminds us that the challenge of understanding is greater than that of judgment.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Landlord responsiveness to eviction filing fees: evidence from northern New England
US landlords file millions of evictions per year. Eviction is associated with numerous negative outcomes including economic hardship, residential instability, disrupted educational attainment among children, and physical and mental health issues. Despite the number of evictions and eviction’s negative consequences, there is little research suggesting effective eviction prevention policies. One potential way to reduce evictions is to increase the costs of eviction to landlords. This paper explores landlord responsiveness to eviction filing fees. Using data from northern New England, we find that landlords responsiveness to changes in eviction filing fees is relatively inelastic. As a result, increasing costs to landlords through higher filing fees may be an inefficient method of preventing evictions.
Journal Article
Il faut partir, Casimir
\"Casimir habite le même quartier depuis sa naissance. Il y connaît tout le monde et y a plein d'amis. Un jour, une lettre arrive, et vient bouleverser sa vie. Une lettre du propriétaire qui annonce que sa mère, sa petite sœur et lui devront quitter l'appartement où ils vivent et déménager ailleurs. Mais Casimir est un inventeur. Un bricoleur. Un réparateur. Et il est bien décidé à trouver un moyen de déconstruire ce malheur pour le transformer en bonheur. Un roman en vers libres magnifiquement illustré\"-- Publisher's description.
Book
U.S. Eviction Filing Patterns in 2020
The coronavirus pandemic precipitated an economic crisis disproportionately affecting renter households. Attempting to prevent a surge in evictions, policy makers at the federal, state, and local levels extended emergency protections to renters. The authors describe eviction filing patterns in 2020 and analyze the efficacy of eviction moratoria. New filings were reduced dramatically since the start of the pandemic. Between March 15 and December 31, 2020, across sites for which data are available, 65 percent fewer eviction cases were filed than would be expected in a typical year. Extrapolating nationwide, the authors estimate that at least 1.55 million fewer eviction cases were filed in 2020 than in a normal year. The pace at which cases were filed increased in late 2020, however, and the amount of back rent claimed grew considerably. Filing rates exceeded historical averages when protections lapsed. Black and female renters received a disproportionate share of eviction cases filed during the pandemic.
Journal Article
Clear : a novel
\"John, an impoverished Scottish minister, has accepted a job evicting the lone remaining occupant of an island north of Scotland--Ivar, who has been living alone for decades, with only the animals and the sea for company. Though his wife, Mary, has serious misgivings about the errand, he decides to go anyway, setting in motion a chain of events that neither he nor Mary could have predicted. Shortly after John reaches the island, he falls down a cliff and is found, unconscious and badly injured, by Ivar who takes him home and tends to his wounds. The two men do not speak a common language, but as John builds a dictionary of Ivar's world, they learn to communicate and, as Ivar sees himself for the first time in decades reflected through the eyes of another person, they build a fragile, unusual connection. Unfolding in the 1840s in the final stages of the infamous Scottish Clearances--which saw whole communities of the rural poor driven off the land in a relentless program of forced evictions--this singular, beautiful, deeply surprising novel explores the differences and connections between us, the way history shapes our deepest convictions, and how the human spirit can survive despite all odds. Moving and unpredictable, sensitive and spellbinding, Clear is a profound and pleasurable read.\"--Publisher's website.
Book
Eviction's Fallout: Housing, Hardship, and Health
Millions of families across the United States are evicted each year. Yet, we know next to nothing about the impact eviction has on their lives. Focusing on low-income urban mothers, a population at high risk of eviction, this study is among the first to examine rigorously the consequences of involuntary displacement from housing. Applying two methods of propensity score analyses to data from a national survey, we find that eviction has negative effects on mothers in multiple domains. Compared to matched mothers who were not evicted, mothers who were evicted in the previous year experienced more material hardship, were more likely to suffer from depression, reported worse health for themselves and their children, and reported more parenting stress. Some evidence suggests that at least two years after their eviction, mothers still experienced significantly higher rates of material hardship and depression than peers.
Journal Article