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Advantages and pitfalls in utilizing artificial intelligence for crafting medical examinations: a medical education pilot study with GPT-4
Background
The task of writing multiple choice question examinations for medical students is complex, timely and requires significant efforts from clinical staff and faculty. Applying artificial intelligence algorithms in this field of medical education may be advisable.
Methods
During March to April 2023, we utilized GPT-4, an OpenAI application, to write a 210 multi choice questions-MCQs examination based on an existing exam template and thoroughly investigated the output by specialist physicians who were blinded to the source of the questions. Algorithm mistakes and inaccuracies, as identified by specialists were classified as stemming from age, gender or geographical insensitivities.
Results
After inputting a detailed prompt, GPT-4 produced the test rapidly and effectively. Only 1 question (0.5%) was defined as false; 15% of questions necessitated revisions. Errors in the AI-generated questions included: the use of outdated or inaccurate terminology, age-sensitive inaccuracies, gender-sensitive inaccuracies, and geographically sensitive inaccuracies. Questions that were disqualified due to flawed methodology basis included elimination-based questions and questions that did not include elements of integrating knowledge with clinical reasoning.
Conclusion
GPT-4 can be used as an adjunctive tool in creating multi-choice question medical examinations yet rigorous inspection by specialist physicians remains pivotal.
Journal Article
Studying for Your Nursing Degree
Studying for your Nursing Degree is PERFECT for anyone wanting to train to become a nurse or midwife. After reading this fully comprehensive guide you will understand: the structure and culture of higher education, and how nursing fits into it what to expect, and what will be expected of you, as a university student teaching and assessment methods within nursing, so that you can perform to the best of your ability in an academic environment how to manage your nursing studies in an effective way and make the most of the resources available to you. The books in our Critical Study Skills series will help you gain the knowledge, skills and strategies you need to achieve your goals. They provide support in all areas important for university study, including institutional and disciplinary policy and practice, self-management, and research and communication. Packed with tasks and activities to help you improve your learning, including learner autonomy and critical thinking, and to guide you towards reflective practice in your study and work life. Uniquely, this book is written by an experienced education lecturer and an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) lecturer.
eBook
Exemplars of Assessment in Higher Education
Co-published with \"While assessment may feel to constituents like an activity of accountability simply for accreditors, it is most appropriate to approach assessment as an activity of accountability for students. Assessment results that improve institutional effectiveness, heighten student learning, and better align resources serve to make institutions stronger for the benefit of their students, and those results also serve the institution or program well during the holistic evaluation required through accreditation.\" - from the foreword by Heather Perfetti, President of the Middle States Commission on Higher EducationColleges and universities struggle to understand precisely what is being asked for by accreditors, and this book answers that question by sharing examples of success reported by schools specifically recommended by accreditors. This compendium gathers examples of assessment practice in twenty-four higher education institutions: twenty-three in the U.S. and one in Australia. All institutions represented in this book were suggested by their accreditor as having an effective assessment approach in one or more of the following assessment focused areas: assessment in the disciplines, co-curricular, course/program/institutional assessment, equity and inclusion, general education, online learning, program review, scholarship of teaching and learning, student learning, or technology. These examples recommended by accrediting agencies makes this a unique contribution to the assessment literature. The book is organized in four parts. Part One is focused on student learning and assessment and includes ten chapters. The primary focus for Part Two is student learning assessment from a disciplinary perspective and includes four chapters. Part Three has a faculty engagement and assessment focus, and Part Four includes four chapters on institutional effectiveness and assessment, with a focus on strategic planning.This book is a publication of the Association for the
eBook
Large language models for generating medical examinations: systematic review
Background
Writing multiple choice questions (MCQs) for the purpose of medical exams is challenging. It requires extensive medical knowledge, time and effort from medical educators. This systematic review focuses on the application of large language models (LLMs) in generating medical MCQs.
Methods
The authors searched for studies published up to November 2023. Search terms focused on LLMs generated MCQs for medical examinations. Non-English, out of year range and studies not focusing on AI generated multiple-choice questions were excluded. MEDLINE was used as a search database. Risk of bias was evaluated using a tailored QUADAS-2 tool.
Results
Overall, eight studies published between April 2023 and October 2023 were included. Six studies used Chat-GPT 3.5, while two employed GPT 4. Five studies showed that LLMs can produce competent questions valid for medical exams. Three studies used LLMs to write medical questions but did not evaluate the validity of the questions. One study conducted a comparative analysis of different models. One other study compared LLM-generated questions with those written by humans. All studies presented faulty questions that were deemed inappropriate for medical exams. Some questions required additional modifications in order to qualify.
Conclusions
LLMs can be used to write MCQs for medical examinations. However, their limitations cannot be ignored. Further study in this field is essential and more conclusive evidence is needed. Until then, LLMs may serve as a supplementary tool for writing medical examinations. 2 studies were at high risk of bias. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Journal Article
EnCase Computer Forensics -- The Official EnCE
The official, Guidance Software-approved book on the newest EnCE exam!
The EnCE exam tests that computer forensic analysts and examiners have thoroughly mastered computer investigation methodologies, as well as the use of Guidance Software's EnCase Forensic 7. The only official Guidance-endorsed study guide on the topic, this book prepares you for the exam with extensive coverage of all exam topics, real-world scenarios, hands-on exercises, up-to-date legal information, and sample evidence files, flashcards, and more.
* Guides readers through preparation for the newest EnCase Certified Examiner (EnCE) exam
* Prepares candidates for both Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the exam, as well as for practical use of the certification
* Covers identifying and searching hardware and files systems, handling evidence on the scene, and acquiring digital evidence using EnCase Forensic 7
* Includes hands-on exercises, practice questions, and up-to-date legal information
* Sample evidence files, Sybex Test Engine, electronic flashcards, and more
If you're preparing for the new EnCE exam, this is the study guide you need.
eBook