Explore the vast range of titles available.

This study aimed to analyze the acute effects of combined calisthenic and walking exercises using different volumes on blood pressure (BP) in aging adults with primary hypertension. A total of 48 participants with primary hypertension aged 50–80 years were randomly assigned into two groups that performed two experimental sessions each: a non-exercising CONTROL session and a LOW (group 1) or HIGH (group 2) volume exercise session. The order of these sessions was randomized. The exercise protocols lasted 30 min (LOW) or 60 min (HIGH) and consisted of calisthenic exercises combined with continuous walking or jogging. Exercise intensity was controlled using a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale. BP was measured at baseline and after each session for 60 min. Results showed that systolic BP was lower after the HIGH session at post 30’ (p = 0.03), post 40’ (p = 0.03), post 50’ (p = 0.04), and post 60’ (p < 0.02), and after the LOW session at post 30’ (p = 0.02), post 40’ (p < 0.01), post 50’ ( p  < 0.01), and post 60’ (p < 0.01) when compared to the corresponding CONTROL at the same time point. There were no significant differences in systolic and diastolic BP between the HIGH and LOW sessions. In conclusion, a pragmatic combined training session using different volumes acutely reduces BP in older adults with primary hypertension.

Introduction Water intake is known to be effective in preventing orthostatic hypotension (OH). However, it is unknown whether water intake would be effective in acutely preventing exercise-induced OH. Methods Fourteen adults (men/women: 7/7, age: 20 ± 8 years) were recruited. Each subject underwent two protocols with and without 500 ml water intake using a randomized crossover design (Water vs. Control). Participants underwent 30 min of cycle ergometry at the 60–70% predicted VO 2 max. OH and hemodynamics were assessed before and after exercise, and immediately (Water 1) and 20 min (Water 2) after the water intake. OH was evaluated with a 1-min standing test as the criteria for systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 90 mmHg. A cross-spectral analysis for RR and SBP variability was used to evaluate the cardiac autonomic activity and baroreflex sensitivity. Results In both protocols, the incidence of OH increased after the exercise. The incidence of OH was lower in Water than in Control at Water 1 (OR: 0.093, 95% CI: 0.015–0.591). Heart rate was lower and SBP was higher in Water than in Control at Water 1 and 2 ( P  < 0.05). High-frequency power of RR variability and transfer function gains in Water were normalized and higher than in Control at Water 1 and 2 ( P  < 0.05). The ratio of low- to high-frequency power of RR variability in Water was normalized and lower in Water than in Control at Water 1 ( P  < 0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicate that water intake may prevent acute exercise-induced OH, accompanied by normalized cardiac autonomic activity and baroreflex sensitivity.

Purpose To investigate the effect of heat stress on postexercise hypotension. Methods Seven untrained men, aged 21–33 years, performed two cycling bouts at 60% of oxygen uptake reserve expending 300 kcal in environmental temperatures of 21 °C (TEMP) and 35 °C (HOT) in a randomized, counter-balanced order. Physiological responses were monitored for 10-min before and 60-min after each exercise bout, and after a non-exercise control session (CON). Blood pressure (BP) also was measured during the subsequent 21-h recovery period. Results Compared to CON, systolic, and diastolic BPs were significantly reduced in HOT (Δ = − 8.3 ± 1.6 and − 9.7 ± 1.4 mmHg, P  < 0.01) and TEMP (Δ = − 4.9 ± 2.1 and − 4.5 ± 0.9 mmHg, P  < 0.05) during the first 60 min of postexercise recovery. Compared to TEMP, rectal temperature was 0.6 °C higher ( P  = 0.001), mean skin temperature was 1.8 °C higher ( P  = 0.013), and plasma volume (PV) was 2.6 percentage points lower ( P  = 0.005) in HOT. During the subsequent 21-h recovery period systolic BP was 4.2 mmHg lower in HOT compared to CON ( P  = 0.016) and 2.5 mmHg lower in HOT compared to TEMP ( P  = 0.039). Conclusion Exercise in the heat increases the hypotensive effects of exercise for at least 22 h in untrained men with elevated blood pressure. Our findings indicate that augmented core and skin temperatures and decreased PV are the main hemodynamic mechanisms underlying a reduction in BP after exercise performed under heat stress.

Background and objective: Post-exercise hypotension, the reduction of blood pressure after a bout of exercise, is of great clinical relevance. Resistance exercise training is considered an important contribution to exercise training programs for hypertensive individuals and athletes. In this context, post-exercise hypotension could be clinically relevant because it would maintain blood pressure of hypertensive individuals transiently at lower levels during day-time intervals, when blood pressure is typically at its highest levels. The aim of this study was to compare the post-exercise cardiovascular effects on Paralympic powerlifting athletes of two typical high-intensity resistance-training sessions, using either five sets of five bench press repetitions at 90% 1 repetition maximum (1RM) or five sets of three bench press repetitions at 95% 1RM. Materials and Methods: Ten national-level Paralympic weightlifting athletes (age: 26.1 ± 6.9 years; body mass: 76.8 ± 17.4 kg) completed the two resistance-training sessions, one week apart, in a random order. Results: Compared with baseline values, a reduction of 5–9% in systolic blood pressure was observed after 90% and 95% of 1RM at 20–50 min post-exercise. Furthermore, myocardial oxygen volume and double product were only significantly increased immediately after and 5 min post-exercise, while the heart rate was significantly elevated after the resistance training but decreased to baseline level by 50 min after training for both training conditions. Conclusions: A hypotensive response can be expected in elite Paralympic powerlifting athletes after typical high-intensity type resistance-training sessions.

Post-exercise hypotension (PEH), calculated by the difference between post and pre-exercise values, it is greater after exercise performed in the evening than the morning. However, the hypotensive effect of morning exercise may be masked by the morning circadian increase in blood pressure. This study investigated PEH and its hemodynamic and autonomic mechanisms after sessions of aerobic exercise performed in the morning and evening, controlling for responses observed after control sessions performed at the same times of day. Sixteen pre-hypertensive men underwent four sessions (random order): two conducted in the morning (7:30 am) and two in the evening (5 pm). At each time of day, subjects underwent an exercise (cycling, 45 min, 50%VO2peak) and a control (sitting rest) session. Measurements were taken pre- and post-interventions in all the sessions. The net effects of exercise were calculated for each time of day by [(post-pre exercise)-(post-pre control)] and were compared by paired t-test (P<0.05). Exercise hypotensive net effects (e.g., decreasing systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure) occurred at both times of day, but systolic blood pressure reductions were greater after morning exercise (-7±3 vs. -3±4 mmHg, P<0.05). Exercise decreased cardiac output only in the morning (-460±771 ml/min, P<0.05), while it decreased stroke volume similarly at both times of day and increased heart rate less in the morning than in the evening (+7±5 vs. +10±5 bpm, P<0.05). Only evening exercise increased sympathovagal balance (+1.5±1.6, P<0.05) and calf blood flow responses to reactive hyperemia (+120±179 vs. -70±188 U, P<0.05). In conclusion, PEH occurs after exercise conducted at both times of day, but the systolic hypotensive effect is greater after morning exercise when circadian variations are considered. This greater effect is accompanied by a reduction of cardiac output due to a smaller increase in heart rate and cardiac sympathovagal balance.

Menopause is associated with increased blood pressure (BP) and vasomotor symptoms (VMS), both elevating cardiovascular risk. Exercise can induce postexercise hypotension (PEH), with responses varying by exercise type and population characteristics. This study aimed to (1) examine the effect of high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and isometric resistance exercise (IRE) compared to control session (CONT) on PEH in normotensive postmenopausal women and (2) examine the VMS effect on PEH responses. A cross‐over randomized controlled trial was conducted in 29 women (15 with moderate‐to‐severe VMS, 14 without), aged 55 ± 3 years. HIIE included 2 sets of 12*15‐s at 100% maximal aerobic power, IRE included 4*2‐min at 30% maximal voluntary contraction, and CONT included a sitting period. PEH was assessed 30 min post‐session and with 24‐h assessment, providing data on dipping profiles and BP variability. Repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests were conducted. HIIE induced systolic PEH at +30 min postexercise compared to pre‐exercise (−6.1 mmHg, p = 0.048) and CONT (−8.1 mmHg, p = 0.010). For IRE, nocturnal systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP decreased versus CONT (SBP: −3.2 mmHg, p = 0.008; DBP: −2.0 mmHg, p = 0.003) and HIIE (SBP: −3.4 mmHg, p = 0.004; DBP: −2.2 mmHg, p < 0.001), increasing dippers proportion. In women with VMS, nocturnal SBP was lower after IRE than HIIE (−5.6 mmHg, p = 0.002). Both HIIE and IRE induced PEH in postmenopausal women, with HIIE reducing BP +30 min postexercise and IRE improving nocturnal BP and increasing dippers. In women with VMS, the nocturnal BP response varies according to exercise modality. Trial Registration The study is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (n°NCT06533982) Highlights High‐intensity interval exercise reduces systolic blood pressure 30 min postexercise in normotensive postmenopausal women. Isometric resistance exercise improves nocturnal blood pressure and increases the proportion of dippers. In women with vasomotor symptoms, the exercise modality influences nocturnal systolic blood pressure.

Vitamin D is associated with vascular function; however, the impact of different vitamin D levels on vascular elasticity following prolonged exercise remains uncertain. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association of vitamin D levels with changes in peripheral pulse wave velocity (pPWV) and the magnitude of acute post-exercise hypotension (PEH) following prolonged endurance exercise in healthy young men. All the participants were divided into two groups: the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) sufficiency group (25(OH)D ≧50 nmol/L) and the deficiency group (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L). A cardiopulmonary exercise test for maximal oxygen uptake ( O ) was performed on the graded cycling. The prolonged exercise was set at 60% O for 120 min of continuous riding on a stationary bicycle. The pPWV and blood pressure were measured at baseline and 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 min after prolonged endurance exercise. Post hoc analysis revealed that the vitamin D sufficient group had a greater magnitude of PEH than the deficiency group at post-45 min. Multiple linear regression analyses showed a significant correlation between 25(OH)D and both pPWV (  = 0.036) and PEH (  = 0.007), after adjusting for O , weight, height, and physical activity. In addition, the 25(OH)D deficiency group also had higher pPWV at post-15 min (5.41 ± 0.93 vs 4.84 ± 0.75 m/s), post-30 min (5.30 ± 0.77 vs 4.87 ± 0.50 m/s), post-45 min (5.56 ± 0.93 vs 5.05 ± 0.68 m/s) than the sufficiency group. There was a positive correlation between 25(OH)D levels and systolic PEH following prolonged endurance exercise. Individuals with sufficient 25(OH)D status may have better vascular elasticity and more efficient blood pressure regulation during exercise.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two sessions of resistance exercise with different volumes on post-exercise hypotension, forearm blood flow, and forearm vascular resistance in hypertensive elderly subjects. The study was conducted with ten hypertensive elderly (65±3 years, 28.7±3 kg/m(2)) subjected to three experimental sessions, ie, a control session, exercise with a set (S1), and exercise with three sets (S3). For each session, the subjects were evaluated before and after intervention. In the pre-intervention period, blood pressure, forearm blood flow, and forearm vascular resistance were measured after 10 minutes of rest in the supine position. Thereafter, the subjects were taken to the gym to perform their exercise sessions or remained at rest during the same time period. Both S1 and S3 comprised a set of ten repetitions of ten exercises, with an interval of 90 seconds between exercises. Subsequently, the measurements were again performed at 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 minutes of recovery (post-intervention) in the supine position. Post-exercise hypotension was greater in S3 than in S1 (systolic blood pressure, -26.5±4.2 mmHg versus -17.9±4.7 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure, -13.8±4.9 mmHg versus -7.7±5 mmHg, P<0.05). Similarly, forearm blood flow and forearm vascular resistance changed significantly in both sessions with an increase and decrease, respectively, that was more evident in S3 than in S1 (P<0.05). Resistance exercises with higher volume were more effective in causing post-exercise hypotension, being accompanied by an increase in forearm blood flow and a reduction of forearm vascular resistance.

The acute decrease in blood pressure (BP) observed after a session of exercise (called post-exercise hypotension) has been proposed as a tool to predict the chronic reduction in BP induced by aerobic training. Therefore, this study investigated whether post-exercise hypotension observed after a maximal exercise test is associated to the BP-lowering effect of aerobic training in treated hypertensives. Thirty hypertensive men (50 ± 8 years) who were under consistent anti-hypertensive treatment underwent a maximal exercise test (15 watts/min until exhaustion), and post-exercise hypotension was determined by the difference between BP measured before and at 30 min after the test. Subsequently, the patients underwent 10 weeks of aerobic training (3 times/week, 45 min/session at moderate intensity), and the BP-lowering effect of training was assessed by the difference in BP measured before and after the training period. Pearson correlations were employed to evaluate the associations. Post-maximal exercise test hypotension was observed for systolic and mean BPs (−8 ± 6 and −2 ± 4 mmHg, all P < 0.05). Aerobic training reduced clinic systolic/diastolic BPs (−5 ± 6/−2 ± 3 mmHg, both P < 0.05) as well as awake and 24 h mean BPs (−2 ± 6 and −2 ± 5 mmHg, all P < 0.05). No significant correlation was detected between post-exercise hypotension and the BP-lowering effect of training either for clinic or ambulatory BPs (r values ranging from 0.00 to 0.32, all p > 0.05). Post-exercise hypotension assessed 30 min after a maximal exercise test cannot be used to predict the BP-lowering effect of aerobic training in treated hypertensive men.