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The philosopher Philo was born about 20 BCE to a prominent Jewish family in Alexandria, the chief home of the Jewish Diaspora as well as the chief center of Hellenistic culture; he was trained in Greek as well as Jewish learning. In attempting to reconcile biblical teachings with Greek philosophy he developed ideas that had wide influence on Christian and Jewish religious thought.

Book Review

This contribution offers a new reading and reconstruction of an addition found in the text of Exod 24:18–25:1 as preserved in 4Q364 (4QRPb) 15. Alluding to Exod 25:8 (and possibly 9), it appears to elucidate the purpose of Moses’s forty days’ long stay atop Mount Sinai and serves as a nexus between Exod 24:18 and the following discussion of the Tabernacle.

Did the Exodus occur? This question has been asked in biblical scholarship since its origin as a modern science. The desire to resolve the question scientifically was a key component in the funding of archaeological excavations in the nineteenth century. Egyptian archaeologists routinely equated sites with their presumed biblical counterpart. Initially, it was taken for granted that the Exodus had occurred. It was simply a matter of finding the archaeological data to prove it. So far, those results have been for naught. The Exodus: An Egyptian Story takes a very real-world approach to understanding the Exodus. It is not a story of cosmic spectaculars that miraculously or coincidentally occurred when a people prepared to leave Egypt. There are no special effects in the telling of this story. Instead, the story is told with real people in the real world doing what real people do. Peter Feinman does not rely on the biblical text and is not trying to prove that the Bible is true. He places the Exodus within Egyptian history based on the Egyptian archaeological record. It is a story of the rejection of the Egyptian cultural construct and defiance of Ramses II. Egyptologists, not biblical scholars, are the guides to telling the Exodus story. What would you expect Ramses II to say after he had been humiliated? If there is an Egyptian smoking gun for the Exodus, how would you recognize it? To answer these questions requires us to take the Exodus seriously as a major event at the royal level in Egyptian history.

Fisherwomen in the Moluccas (Maluku, Indonesia) frequently faced discrimination within a patriarchal culture that regarded the sea as a masculine and taboo space, especially during menstruation. This perception not only erased women’s social and economic contributions, but also constructed the sea as a dangerous realm governed by patriarchal norms. This study reread two Exodus texts, the rescue of Moses in the Nile (Ex 2:1–10) and Miriam’s song at the Sea of Reeds (Ex 15:19–21), through the lived experiences of fisherwomen in the Moluccas. The research was based on fieldwork conducted in the villages of Leahari, Seri, Wab and Lermatang. Using intercontextual feminist hermeneutics, which integrated historical-literary analysis with ethnographic insights, the study highlighted how women emerged as agents of liberation within watery spaces. The findings showed that rivers and the sea were not merely sites of danger but theophanic spaces where God manifested life through women’s courage, faith and solidarity. The sea was understood as a womb of life, a medium of both liberation and revelation, that opened space for a feminist sea theology connecting body, spirituality and women’s experience within patriarchal contexts. This study offered a new perspective to Exodus scholarship, contextual theology and feminist hermeneutics, particularly within Indonesia’s coastal communities. Contribution: This article contributes to the development of feminist biblical interpretation by introducing a contextual hermeneutic rooted in the lived experiences of fisherwomen in the Moluccas. It expands Exodus scholarship by reading the sea as a theophanic and liberating space rather than a site of danger. The study also advances contextual and feminist theologies by articulating a ‘feminist sea theology’ that connects embodiment, faith and women’s agency within patriarchal maritime cultures.

Despite being one of the earliest Middle-earth texts and a central component of the legendarium, J.R.R. Tolkien's Fall of Gondolin has received far less attention than the tale deserves. Building upon the works of David Greenman, Bruce Alexander, and Austin Freeman and their studies comparing The Fall of Gondolin to Virgil's Aeneid as well as Tom Shippey's monograph, The Road to Middle-earth, this article seeks to expand current scholarship surrounding The Fall of Gondolin by the examination of Exodus, as both a Medieval and religious text, as a potential source for the narrative structure, characters, and themes found in Tolkien's Fall of Gondolin.

Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with metastasis significantly contributing to its lethality. The metastatic spread of tumor cells, primarily through the bloodstream, underscores the importance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in oncological research. As a critical component of liquid biopsies, CTCs offer a non-invasive and dynamic window into tumor biology, providing invaluable insights into cancer dissemination, disease progression, and response to treatment. This review article delves into the recent advancements in CTC research, highlighting their emerging role as a biomarker in various cancer types. We explore the latest technologies and methods for CTC isolation and detection, alongside novel approaches to characterizing their biology through genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and epigenetic profiling. Additionally, we examine the clinical implementation of these findings, assessing how CTCs are transforming the landscape of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and management. By offering a comprehensive overview of current developments and potential future directions, this review underscores the significance of CTCs in enhancing our understanding of cancer and in shaping personalized therapeutic strategies, particularly for patients with metastatic disease.

The eighth volume in Swedenborg's monumental study of the Bible, its meaning, and themes.Secrets of Heaven is Emanuel Swedenborg's magnum opus, a fifteen-volume work that delves into the inner, spiritual meaning of the Bible.

In Exodus: A Commentary on the Greek Text of Codex Vaticanus, Gurtner provides an introduction and comprehensive commentary on the Greek text.

The function of the prepositional phrase κατὰ πρόγνωσιν θεοῦ πατρὸς as a reference within the argument of 1 Peter. A recent study has demonstrated that the author of 1 Peter refers to Exodus 19:3–8 through the prepositional phrase κατὰ πρόγνωσιν θεοῦ πατρὸς in 1:2. With this phrase, Peter introduces a theme that he further develops in the letter, namely God’s plan of salvation. This article examines the function of the phrase κατὰ πρόγνωσιν θεοῦ πατρὸς as a reference to Exodus 19:3–8 within the argument of 1 Peter. The phrase’s role within 1 Peter is examined exegetically, employing the grammatical-historical method as practiced in the Reformed tradition. Attention is firstly given to the circumstances of the readers and the distinctive position of the introduction within the letter. God’s plan of salvation as presented in 1 Peter 1:1–2, 10–12, 20, and 2:4–10 is then investigated, followed by an analysis of the divine plan as it appears in Exodus 19:3–8. It becomes evident that Peter brings to the fore various components of God’s plan of salvation indicated in Exodus 19:3–8. Both Israel and the readers are portrayed as God’s elect and included in his divine salvation plan; for both Israel and the readers, God’s decisive victory is emphasised; God’s mercy is shown to be the reason for Israel and the readers inclusion in his plan; God’s faithful preservation is emphasised for both; and the relationship between God and his elect, whether Israel or the readers, is depicted as a covenant relationship marked by his nearness. According to God’s plan of salvation, both Israel and Peter’s readers receive glorious assurances from God regarding their future. The remarkable parallels between the divine plan as revealed to Israel in Exodus 19:3–8 and as articulated in 1 Peter show that Peter regards the historical events at Sinai as prophetic in nature. The plan of salvation in Exodus 19:3–8 serves a type, fulfilled in the antitype that Peter outlines in his letter. Alongside the similarities between the plan in Exodus 19:3–8 and that in 1 Peter, there is also an escalation. In 1 Peter, Christ is placed at the centre of God’s plan and the significance of what happens to God’s elect is heightened.ContributionThis article has shown how Peter, through his use of Exodus 19:3–8, presents God’s plan of salvation as an escalating redemptive event with Christ at its centre and believers identified as God’s chosen ones. This identity offers profound comfort and steadfast hope for believers in a world of suffering – a message that remains relevant today.