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What fueled the Victorian passion for hair-jewelry and memorial rings? When would an everyday object metamorphose from commodity to precious relic? InPortable Property, John Plotz examines the new role played by portable objects in persuading Victorian Britons that they could travel abroad with religious sentiments, family ties, and national identity intact. In an empire defined as much by the circulation of capital as by force of arms, the challenge of preserving Englishness while living overseas became a central Victorian preoccupation, creating a pressing need for objects that could readily travel abroad as personifications of Britishness. At the same time a radically new relationship between cash value and sentimental associations arose in certain resonant mementoes--in teacups, rings, sprigs of heather, and handkerchiefs, but most of all in books. Portable Propertyexamines how culture-bearing objects came to stand for distant people and places, creating or preserving a sense of self and community despite geographic dislocation. Victorian novels--because they themselves came to be understood as the quintessential portable property--tell the story of this change most clearly. Plotz analyzes a wide range of works, paying particular attention to George Eliot'sDaniel Deronda, Anthony Trollope'sEustace Diamonds, and R. D. Blackmore'sLorna Doone. He also discusses Thomas Hardy and William Morris's vehement attack on the very notion of cultural portability. The result is a richer understanding of the role of objects in British culture at home and abroad during the Age of Empire. Some images inside the book are unavailable due to digital copyright restrictions.

Randolph Stow closes his novel The Girl Green as Elderflower (1980)1 with the protagonist, Crispin Clare, making a toast to Suffolk as a place (173). He is drinking with his aunt-by-marriage, Alicia, whilst minding the local pub. They have the room to themselves, and the toast completes a private moment: She raised her glass, and Clare chinked his own against it. She looked at him surprised, and he noticed in her eyes, the colour of fine dry sherry, a few flecks of green.

For more than a generation, Indian writers in English have won praise in the West. The roll call of Indian-born writers is startling: Rushdie, Mukerjee, Mehta, Ghosh, Naipaul, Kureishi, Narayan, Mistry, among many others.Amitava Kumar, himself an Indian writer now 'away' in America, is editing a broad anthology of work by Indian writers whose lives and literary identities have been formed by their experiences in some form of exile. Spanning writing from the 1920s to the present, Away contains work by the writers mentioned above, alongside earlier pieces by Gandhi, Nehru, and Tagore, and a wide range of writers over the last half-century.

This book attempts to address the paradoxes inherent in international modernism (a literary movement which at once strove to cross borders of nation language and tradition yet which at the same time often endorsed nationalist and racial models of identity).

Alongside a liberating treatment of the English language, Ernest Hemingway realized some often overlooked innovations in multicultural subject matter. In six of the seven novels published during his lifetime, the protagonist is abroad, bilingual, and bicultural--and these archetypes have significant implications for each character's sense of identity.In Paris or Paname interprets Hemingway's overdetermined use of foreignness as a literary device, characterizing how cultural displacement informs plot dynamics. The investigation historicizes the archetypal protagonist's process of (re)orientation through attention to his intercultural adoptions in language, alcohol consumption, sports, and betrothal rites. Herlihy situates his argument within an apposite research framework from psychological studies on migration, anthropological examinations of cultural ceremony, and literary theory on the poetics of displacement. The analysis offers groundbreaking insights on the distribution of previously overlooked structural patterns (themes, motifs, and symbols) that are present throughout Hemingway's novelistic corpus, and provides a compelling perspective on the aesthetics of the expatriate/immigrant writing process.

After establishing definitions for various terms commonly used to represent migration, I proceed to a consideration of Susanna Moodie's Roughing It in the Bush, in which, by examining the shifting referents of ‘Eden’ as well as the slippages between the Babel and Babylon biblical stories as they appear in her text, I argue that Moodie's early use of these narratives of exile and dispersion as well as her concluding allusion to Isaiah 40 function as allegories of Moodie's perceived exile from England and her eventual acceptance of Canada as ‘home’. I conclude my exploration of “what defines ‘home?’” by suggesting that Daphne Marlatt's “Month of Hungry Ghosts,” How Hug a Stone, Ana Historic, and Taken stand in counterpoint to Moodie's text not only by offering a contemporary and gendered vision of Canadian immigration but also by leaving unresolved the possibility that ‘home’ for an immigrant is always a place of ambivalence, divided or multiply split and invented. The project's third chapter, in which I investigate the term ‘Canadian’, begins with a discussion of Frederick Philip Grove's Settlers of the Marsh in which, I argue, Grove uses Freud's theories to write himself, in the figure of the novel's protagonist, into an allegory of integration into the Canadian cultural federation, the model of national identity which Grove favoured. In contrast to Grove's prefiguring of the Canadian cultural mosaic, George Bowering celebrates the multicultural Canadian community in his novel Caprice, in which the individualist and assimilationist projects of the United States and of Québec are overtly rejected in favour of (Canadian) collective action and community-building. In the fourth chapter, I examine Hiromi Goto's use, in Chorus of Mushrooms, of magic realism as a tool to perform and redefine Canadianness in order to include traditionally marginalized groups. The chapter concludes with a discussion of Régine Robin's La Québécoite, in which three ways of performing Canadianness—as a cultural mosaic, through assimilation, and through multiculturalism—all ultimately result in the failure of immigration because of the xenophobia that Robin suggests is characteristic of all strong national identities. Finally, I conclude by suggesting that, in contrast to earlier critics' theorization of a Canadian identity lacking in self-definition, the immigration narratives I examine in my thesis suggest that Canadianness is clearly defined and that, if anything, it is too strongly defined.

Many Internet users have provided a favorable atmosphere for rural e-commerce to thrive, and the return of rural inhabitants starting their own companies has had a significant impact on rural economic development. Understanding the influencing elements for returning residents to carry out rural e-commerce operations can provide suggestions for the ongoing development of the economy in rural regions and the lack of talent faced in rural areas, especially in light of the trend of people returning to their hometowns. This work offers a research model based on the push–pull–mooring (PPM) theory to explain the factors that drive returning residents to engage in rural e-commerce entrepreneurship. The empirical results determined using the PLS-SEM method and SmartPLS 3.0 software to analyze the survey data of 151 returning residents revealed that urban employment obstacles, policy support, and infrastructure are positively connected with returning residents carrying out rural e-commerce entrepreneurship. Start-up costs are negatively correlated with rural e-commerce entrepreneurship by returning residents. Policy support plays an intermediary role in the price of starting a business and in the return of rural residents starting a rural e-commerce business. We recommend that the government strengthens policy support for returning entrepreneurs, improves rural e-commerce infrastructure, assists entrepreneurs in lowering their start-up costs, and initiates activities aimed at enhancing entrepreneurial intentions and sustaining entrepreneurial activities, based on the findings of this study.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive framework that identifies thematic clusters and their interconnections within Global Talent Management (GTM), global careers and talent management (TM).Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, this study conducted a co-citation analysis using bibliographic data to unveil the intellectual connections and relationships among thematic articles related to GTM sourced from the Web of Science.FindingsThis review highlights three key research themes: experiences working abroad, TM approaches and the complex nature of GTM as a living system.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this research is the sample itself. Content analysis based on the co-citation method resulted in some more recent releases being omitted.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of the paper include providing a structured framework for understanding the complexities of GTM.Social implicationsResearch into the academic literature in this area is divided into various clusters, empirically demonstrating how GTM and global mobility are intertwined, revealing the need for us to more thoroughly comprehend the social ramifications of GTM practices and activities and the need to further analyse the influencing social aspects in a GTM strategy, like diversity, increased mobility and virtual reality.Originality/value The analysis revealed the emergence of three distinct thematic groups: (1) global work experiences, (2) TM approaches and (3) GTM.

PurposeThe purpose of this qualitative study is to examine the effects of expatriation on the development of career capital among the partners of expatriates.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on in-depth interviews with 30 Finnish partners of expatriates.FindingsThe results reflect the various learning experiences reported by partners of expatriates that developed their career capital during expatriation. The learning experiences related to the experience of living abroad itself and to the specific activities undertaken when abroad. The extent to which partners developed knowing-why, knowing-how and knowing-whom career capital was found to partly reflect their situation abroad as stay-at-home partners or as employees in less-demanding or more-demanding jobs. Though the experiences were developmental for all partners as have been reported among expatriates, the authors also identified several aspects in which partners' experiences differed from the typical developmental experiences of expatriates.Practical implicationsThe results also highlight the influence of initiative, an active role and career self-management skills in partners' career capital development.Originality/valueThis paper advances the understanding of how expatriation affects expatriate partners' career capital, a topic that has not previously been studied in-depth.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate workplace gender harassment of female expatriates across 25 host countries and consider the role of institutional-level gender discrimination as a boundary condition. Further, the study investigates the effects of workplace gender harassment on frustration and job satisfaction and general job stress as a moderator.Design/methodology/approachThe sample is comprised of 160 expatriates residing in 25 host countries. The authors test the model using partial least-squares structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results show that female expatriates experience more workplace gender harassment than male expatriates. This effect is particularly pronounced in host countries with strong institutional-level gender discrimination. Moreover, the authors found significant main effects of gender harassment on expatriates’ frustration and job satisfaction. Further, the authors identified a significant association between frustration and job satisfaction. No significant moderation effect of general job stress was found.Research limitations/implicationsThe study’s data are cross-sectional. Future studies are encouraged to use longitudinal research designs. Further, future studies could center on perpetrators of harassment, different manifestations of harassment, and effective countermeasures.Practical implicationsThe study raises awareness on the challenges of harassment of female expatriates and the role of the host country context. Further, the study shows the detrimental effects of gender harassment on female expatriates’ job satisfaction which is a central predictor of variables crucial to international assignments, for example, performance or assignment completion.Originality/valueThe study is among the first endeavors to include institutional-level gender discrimination as a boundary condition of workplace gender harassment of female expatriates, and therefore puts the interplay between macro- and micro-level processes into perspective.