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Geothermal resources have been recognized as important sources of clean renewable energy. The exploration, development, and utilization of geothermal resources, especially hot dry rock (HDR) resources, are highly important for achieving peak carbon and carbon neutrality. However, there is no comprehensive evaluation method for determining HDR target areas, and the evaluation scale and application disciplines are relatively simplistic. In this paper, we sought to optimize the identification of HDR target areas through a multiscale and multidisciplinary method and formed a set of generalized and demonstrative processes to guide the exploration of HDR resources. Through practical application to the Gonghe Basin and the Zhangzhou Basin, it was found that the comprehensive geothermal conditions of the Gonghe Basin are superior to those of the Zhangzhou Basin, and the geothermal reservoir depth, geothermal reservoir temperature, geothermal gradient, and heat flow are the four most important factors affecting hot dry rock geothermal resources. Using this method, the prioritization of target areas changes from a qualitative study to a quantitative and semiquantitative study, increasing the specificity and reliability of the decision-making process.

The key to grasping and practicing the important concept of “green mountains are golden mountains” is to internalize the construction of ecological civilization into the operation mechanism of the market economy and to stimulate the endogenous motivation of the whole society to engage in the construction of ecological civilization. The study focuses on the value of forest ecological products in Fujian Province and evaluates these products from four perspectives: support services, regulating services, supply services, and cultural services. Subsequently, we constructed the suitability evaluation index system for the realization mode of forest ecological product value in Fujian Province. We weighted the indexes by combining the entropy value method and the expert scoring method, and evaluated the suitability of the realization mode using the structural equation model. The suitability assessment results show that Zhouning County, Ningde City - ecological compensation > Shunchang County, Nanping City - ecological tenure trading > Changting County, Longyan City - ecological restoration > Jiangle County, Sanming City - ecological industrialization model. The regression estimates of ecological product production potential factor (β=0.221, p<0.001), ecological environment constraints (β=0.145, p<0.05), social environment constraints (β=0.178, p<0.001), and regression estimation of the realization of the value of the ecological products of forests in Fujian Province are significant. The mechanism for integrating synergy and coordination, localization, and differentiation for the realization of sustainable forest ecological product value has been improved.

Evaluating the green development level (GDL) of a region will accelerate its economic transformation and promote ecological civilization. From the perspective of complex system, this study explores the green development level (GDL) of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) by constructing a novel and ecology-oriented evaluation system. The system is three-dimensional including indicators of environmental protection and utilization, green economy development, social harmony and prosperity. Resource elements are highly valued; inclusive society is fully considered. Overall entropy method and expert scoring method are integrated to assess the GDL of 26 regions in the TGRA from 2000 to 2020; the temporal and spatial characteristics of the GDL are examined through exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA). The results show that (1) the GDL of the TGRA is at a medium level with the score fluctuating from 0.3 to 0.4 and the ecological protection with weight of 0.37 contributes greatly to the GDL. (2) Despite the high degree of coupling coordination, the complex ecosystem in the TGRA remains at a low level of coordinated development. (3) The GDL in the middle part of the TGRA is the highest, followed by the upper part and the lower part, and the gap is narrowing. (4) The global spatial correlation of the GDL is not obvious. The spatial spillover effect is not significant and clusters only appear in the upper part and the lower part. Finally, some reasonable suggestions are put forward for improving the GDL.

Under the requirements of the educational background of the new era, establishing moral character has become the fundamental task of education, and at the same time, it also brings new challenges and opportunities for English education in higher vocational colleges and universities. Based on the core qualities of the curriculum Civics and Politics, we explore the point of fit between English education and it so as to deeply analyze the integration mechanism of the curriculum Civics and Politics in English education and complete the construction of the teaching model of the curriculum Civics and Politics in English education by combining with the big data technology. On this basis, taking S higher vocational colleges applying this model as an example, the expert scoring method is used to construct the teaching quality evaluation index system and assign weights, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is used to assess the quality of education. Core literacy and comprehensive ability have the highest weights of 0.2836 and 0.2866 respectively, respectively, which are key areas for cultivation. Finally, through the quality evaluation of the education model of this paper, it can be seen that the highest score of comprehensive ability is 90.21, which is at the excellent level, and the lowest score of values cultivation is 81.98. and the scores of each index are above 80. The average score of the education model of this paper is 85.13, which proves that the quality of teaching under the teaching model is good. It has an excellent performance in the cultivation of English talents. It is a good example of Big Data Technology, and the integration of the English education program Civics provides a feasibility with practical significance.

This paper selects the ancient village of Huangtupo as the research object and assesses the risk rate of the ancient village of Huangtupo in The expert scoring method is used to score the influencing factors of the village, and the hierarchical analysis and risk The expert scoring method is used to score the influencing factors of the village, and the hierarchical analysis and risk assessment methods are applied to calculate its riskiness and propose improvement measures. A fire dynamics perspective is used to construct fire prevention ideas, as well as to propose improvement measures in response to the results of the risk analysis.

Purpose A digital servitization ecosystem (DSE) is a cooperation model based on the concept of value cocreation. However, capability asymmetry among enterprises can lead to unfair benefit distribution and hinder value cocreation and digital service transformation. This paper aims to investigate the impact of the varying capabilities of enterprises (manufacturers, service providers and digital technology providers) on revenue distribution when these enterprises collaborate on digital servitization transformation. This analysis is performed from an ecosystem perspective to facilitate the stable development of DSEs. Design/methodology/approach The rise of DSEs has engendered extensive literature, and the distribution of benefits within DSEs is in dire need of new mechanisms to adapt to the new competitive environment. The importance of investment contribution, digital servitization level, digitalization level, risk-taking ability, digital servitization effort level and brand awareness is determined by combining the expert scoring method and the entropy value method to determine different weights for manufacturers, service providers and digital technology providers. The Shapley value is used to design the benefit distribution mechanism for stable cooperation among DSE enterprises, thus providing a more scientific basis for the development of cooperative relationships. Findings Digital servitization is a collaborative process that involves multienterprise activities, and it is significantly affected by digital servitization level and digitalization level. Moreover, constructing the modified Shapley value benefit distribution mechanism according to the relevant capabilities of digital servitization can promote the stable development of DSEs and value cocreation among members. Originality/value The main contributions of this study are as follows: First, it summarizes the stability-influencing factors of DSEs on the basis of empirical and literature research on the demand for enterprise digital servitization capabilities and transformation difficulties, delves deeper into the capability composition and cooperative relationship of DSE members and combines the expert scoring method and the entropy value method to determine the weighting to design the benefit distribution mechanism. Second, it reflects system stability and development by studying the revenue distribution of DSE members, thereby expanding the ecosystem construction and business model transformation of digital servitization in the existing research.

Contaminated sites have become a worldwide issue because of significant environmental and health risks to users of the land. With the aim of synthesizing useful services delivered by land reuse for environmental, social and economic benefits, effective management measures have been taken nationally and regionally to rehabilitate contaminated sites. The unacceptable risks, large number of contaminated sites and urgent demand for land supply make it necessary to centralize limited resources within contaminated sites. In reference to the classification rationale in developed countries trying to deal with contaminated sites in an integrated, saving and timely manner, we design a conceptual framework that considers the unique context in China. We classify contaminated sites in five steps, namely: listing, investigating, filing, classifying and managing. Based on the classification results, effective suggestions are proposed for graded and classified management and further decision-making at the highest level of design. The results show that potential contaminated sites can be divided into high, medium and low priority based on four factors (social concern, redevelopment demand, health risk and ecological risk). Site-specific management strategies focusing on environmental monitoring, detailed site survey and immediate remediation, respectively, are suggested that focus on corresponding contaminated sites in different priorities. The feasibility and reliability of the proposed framework are further discussed in the final section.

Deep coal seam mining floor strata water bursting is a complicate nonlinear system, whose factors are coupling and influencing themselves. It built the analytic structure model for deep coal seam mining floor strata water bursting, the judgment matrix was found by the expert scoring method, the contribution weights of the influenced factors were given out by the equation analytic process. The thirteen controlling factors and five main controlling factors were put award by analyzing weights, so the result was basically conform to the field practice. The expert scoring method and analytic process can convert the objective fact to the subjective cognition, so it is a method that can turn the qualitative into the quantitative. This can be relative objectively and precisely to study the question of many factors and grey box.

From forecasting competitions to conditional value-at-risk requirements, the use of multiple quantile assessments is growing in practice. To evaluate them, we use a rule from the general class of proper scoring rules for a forecaster’s multiple quantiles of a single uncertain quantity of interest. The general rule is additive in the component scores. Each component contains a function that measures its quantile’s distance from the realization and weights its contribution to the overall score. To determine this function, we propose that the score of a group’s combined quantile should be better than that of a randomly selected forecaster’s quantile only when the forecasters bracket the realization (i.e., their quantiles do not fall on the same side of the realization). If a score satisfies this property, we say it is sensitive to bracketing. We characterize the class of proper scoring rules that is sensitive to bracketing when the decision maker uses a generalized average to combine forecasters’ quantiles. Finally, we show how weights can be set to match the payoffs in many important business contexts.

This paper presents recent innovations implemented in the LaRiMiT (Landslide Risk Mitigation Toolbox) webtool. These include an innovative methodology for utilising experts’ scoring of landslide risk mitigation measures directly within the decision support tool, and updating of the tool’s database over structural measures to include many nature-based solutions (NBS) for mitigating landslide risk. Landslides are a common and treacherous natural hazard, and due to the effect of climate change on the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, climate-driven landslides are expected to become more frequent. This negative trend is a driving factor for developing decision-support solutions for risk mitigation, and the LaRiMiT toolbox and the expert scoring methodology presented in this article contribute to meeting these needs. Selecting suitable structural measures is complicated due to factors such as site-specific conditions, local knowledge and resources, socio-economic constraints, and environmental considerations. LaRiMiT uses user-input attributes of site-specific slope movements combined with expert scoring of the suitability of various mitigation solutions to identify and select appropriate mitigation measures from an extensive database of structural solutions. While the LaRiMiT database initially included only conventional (grey) solutions relying on traditional methods, it has been recently expanded to include nature-based solutions (NBS), which are sustainable techniques for managing erosion and mitigating shallow landslides using vegetation and the use of natural materials. NBS and conventional solutions can also be combined to provide hybrid solutions. The proposed methodology for implementing expert scoring is dynamic and iterative, consisting of statistical pooling of experts’ scores collected via online surveys, and consolidating these into an expert scoring utility embedded in the LaRiMiT web portal engine. An initial application of this methodology has been tested by surveying a set of landslides experts, mostly in Europe, and applying it to the structural measures database in the LaRiMiT tool. Although the number of experts in this initial application is limited, dynamic updating of the scoring allows the tool to continuously improve as additional experts contribute.