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"Exploration, Aerial."
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The Ingenuity Helicopter on the Perseverance Rover
The
Ingenuity Helicopter
will be deployed from the
Perseverance Rover
for a 30-sol experimental campaign shortly after the rover lands and is commissioned. We describe the helicopter and the associated
Technology Demonstration
experiment it will conduct, as well as its role in informing future helicopter missions to Mars. This helicopter will demonstrate, for the first time, autonomous controlled flight of an aircraft in the Mars environment, thus opening up an aerial dimension to Mars exploration. The
1.8
kg
,
1.2
m
diameter helicopter, with twin rotors in a counter-rotating co-axial configuration, will help validate aerodynamics, control, navigation and operations concepts for flight in the thin Martian atmosphere. The rover supports a radio link between the helicopter and mission operators on Earth, and information returned from a planned set of five flights, each lasting up to 90 seconds, will inform the development of new Mars helicopter designs for future missions. Such designs in the
4
kg
–
30
kg
range would have the capability to fly many kilometers daily and carry science payloads of
1
kg
–
5
kg
. Small helicopters can be deployed as scouts for future rovers helping to select interesting science targets, determine optimal rover driving routes, and providing contextual high-vantage imagery. Larger craft can be operated in standalone fashion with a tailored complement of science instruments with direct-to-orbiter communication enabling wide-area operations. Other roles including working cooperatively with a central lander to provide area-wide sampling and science investigations. For future human exploration at Mars, helicopter can be employed to provide reconnaissance.
Journal Article
Antarctica's lost aviator : the epic adventure to explore the last frontier on earth
\"By the 1930s, no one had yet crossed Antarctica, and its vast interior remained a mystery frozen in time. Hoping to write his name in the history books, wealthy American Lincoln Ellsworth announced he would fly across the unexplored continent. And to honor his hero, Wyatt Earp, he would carry Earp's gun belt on the flight. The main obstacles to Ellsworth's ambition were numerous: he didn't like the cold, he avoided physical work, and he couldn't navigate. Consequently, he hired the experienced Australian explorer, Sir Hubert Wilkins, to organize the expedition on his behalf. While Ellsworth battled depression, Wilkins purchased a ship, hired a crew, and ordered a revolutionary new airplane constructed. The Ellsworth Trans-Antarctic Expeditions became epics of misadventure, as competitors plotted to beat Ellsworth, pilots refused to fly, crews mutinied, and the ship was repeatedly trapped in the ice. Finally, in 1935, Ellsworth took off to fly from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea. A few hours after leaving, radio contact with him was lost and the world gave him up for dead. [This book] brings alive one of the strangest episodes in polar history, using previously unpublished diaries, correspondence, photographs, and film to reveal the amazing true story of the first crossing of Antarctica and how, against all odds, it was achieved by the unlikeliest of heroes.\"--Dust jacket.
Book
Unmasking Europa : the search for life on Jupiter's ocean moon
This book features firsthand accounts of Galileo's mission to Jupiter and stunning images of Europa's surface. It tells the inside story of a very human enterprise in science that lead to the discovery of a fantastic new world that might well harbor life.
eBook
Subsurface structure exploration of wide landslide area by Aerial electromagnetic exploration
Aerial electromagnetic exploration obtains the ground resistivity of a wide area by measuring the intensity of a secondary magnetic field induced in the ground by a primary magnetic field. We conducted the AEM exploration in the Yamakoshi Village where was dameged by the Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake in 2004, for the landslide hazard assessment. The apparent resistivity distribution in the survey area differ between the Imogawa River Basin and the Asahigawa River Basin, and the former shows high resistivity and the later shows low resistivity with 30 Ω-m as the boundary. In the high resistivity zone that corresponds to the sandy rock distribution area, the large landslide blocks show lower resisitivity than in the surrounding ground. In sandy rock distribution areas, it is possible for the relatively low resistivity parts to be an index of the instability of slopes, even in landslide blocks where deformation has not yet appeared.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
Receding horizon path planning for 3D exploration and surface inspection
Within this paper a new path planning algorithm for autonomous robotic exploration and inspection is presented. The proposed method plans online in a receding horizon fashion by sampling possible future configurations in a geometric random tree. The choice of the objective function enables the planning for either the exploration of unknown volume or inspection of a given surface manifold in both known and unknown volume. Application to rotorcraft Micro Aerial Vehicles is presented, although planning for other types of robotic platforms is possible, even in the absence of a boundary value solver and subject to nonholonomic constraints. Furthermore, the method allows the integration of a wide variety of sensor models. The presented analysis of computational complexity and thorough simulations-based evaluation indicate good scaling properties with respect to the scenario complexity. Feasibility and practical applicability are demonstrated in real-life experimental test cases with full on-board computation.
Journal Article
Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Mining from Exploration to Reclamation: A Review
Over the past decade, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been used in the mining industry for various applications from mineral exploration to mine reclamation. This study aims to review academic papers on the applications of UAVs in mining by classifying the mining process into three phases: exploration, exploitation, and reclamation. Systematic reviews were performed to summarize the results of 65 articles (June 2010 to May 2020) and outline the research trend for applying UAVs in mining. This study found that UAVs are used at mining sites for geological and structural analysis via remote sensing, aerial geophysical survey, topographic surveying, rock slope analysis, working environment analysis, underground surveying, and monitoring of soil, water, ecological restoration, and ground subsidence. This study contributes to the classification of current UAV applications during the mining process as well as the identification of prevalent UAV types, data acquired by sensors, scales of targeted areas, and styles of flying control for the applications of UAVs in mining.
Journal Article
Three-Dimensional Geological Modelling in Earth Science Research: An In-Depth Review and Perspective Analysis
This study examines the development trajectory and current trends of three-dimensional (3D) geological modelling. In recent years, due to the rising global energy demand and the increasing frequency of regional geological disasters, significant progress has been made in this field. The purpose of this study is to clarify the potential complexity of 3D geological modelling, identify persistent challenges, and propose potential avenues for improvement. The main objectives include simplifying the modelling process, improving model accuracy, integrating different data sources, and quantitatively evaluating model parameters. This study integrates global research in this field, focusing on the latest breakthroughs and applications in mineral exploration, engineering geology, geological disaster assessment, and military geosciences. For example, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tilt photography technology, multisource data fusion, 3D geological modelling method based on machine learning, etc. By identifying areas for improvement and making recommendations, this work aims to provide valuable insights to guide the future development of geological modelling toward a more comprehensive and accurate “Transparent Earth”. This review underscores the global applications of 3D geological modelling, highlighting its crucial role across various sectors such as mineral exploration, the oil and gas industry, urban planning, geological hazard assessment, and geoscientific research. The review emphasizes the sector-specific importance of this technology in enhancing modelling accuracy and efficiency, optimizing resource management, driving technological innovation, and improving disaster response capabilities. These insights provide a comprehensive understanding of how 3D geological modelling can significantly impact and benefit multiple industries worldwide.
Journal Article
Secretary bird optimization algorithm: a new metaheuristic for solving global optimization problems
This study introduces a novel population-based metaheuristic algorithm called secretary bird optimization algorithm (SBOA), inspired by the survival behavior of secretary birds in their natural environment. Survival for secretary birds involves continuous hunting for prey and evading pursuit from predators. This information is crucial for proposing a new metaheuristic algorithm that utilizes the survival abilities of secretary birds to address real-world optimization problems. The algorithm's exploration phase simulates secretary birds hunting snakes, while the exploitation phase models their escape from predators. During this phase, secretary birds observe the environment and choose the most suitable way to reach a secure refuge. These two phases are iteratively repeated, subject to termination criteria, to find the optimal solution to the optimization problem. To validate the performance of SBOA, experiments were conducted to assess convergence speed, convergence behavior, and other relevant aspects. Furthermore, we compared SBOA with 15 advanced algorithms using the CEC-2017 and CEC-2022 benchmark suites. All test results consistently demonstrated the outstanding performance of SBOA in terms of solution quality, convergence speed, and stability. Lastly, SBOA was employed to tackle 12 constrained engineering design problems and perform three-dimensional path planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. The results demonstrate that, compared to contrasted optimizers, the proposed SBOA can find better solutions at a faster pace, showcasing its significant potential in addressing real-world optimization problems.
Journal Article
Towards the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Comprehensive Review
Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, have come in a great diversity of several applications such as military, construction, image and video mapping, medical, search and rescue, parcel delivery, hidden area exploration, oil rigs and power line monitoring, precision farming, wireless communication and aerial surveillance. The drone industry has been getting significant attention as a model of manufacturing, service and delivery convergence, introducing synergy with the coexistence of different emerging domains. UAVs offer implicit peculiarities such as increased airborne time and payload capabilities, swift mobility, and access to remote and disaster areas. Despite these potential features, including extensive variety of usage, high maneuverability, and cost-efficiency, drones are still limited in terms of battery endurance, flight autonomy and constrained flight time to perform persistent missions. Other critical concerns are battery endurance and the weight of drones, which must be kept low. Intuitively it is not suggested to load them with heavy batteries. This study highlights the importance of drones, goals and functionality problems. In this review, a comprehensive study on UAVs, swarms, types, classification, charging, and standardization is presented. In particular, UAV applications, challenges, and security issues are explored in the light of recent research studies and development. Finally, this review identifies the research gap and presents future research directions regarding UAVs.
Journal Article