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\"Understanding factor analysis is key to understanding much published research in the social and behavioral sciences. This volume provides a solid foundation in exploratory factor analysis (EFA), which along with confirmatory factor analysis, represents one of the two major strands in this field. The book lays out the mathematical foundations of EFA; explores the range of methods for extracting the initial factor structure; explains factor rotation; and outlines the methods for determining the number of factors to retain in EFA. The concluding chapter addresses a number of other issues in EFA such determining the appropriate sample size and handling missing data, and it offers brief introductions to EFA with structural equation modeling and multilevel models for EFA. Example computer code, and the annotated output for all of the examples included in the text are available on an accompanying website\"-- Provided by publisher.

The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions of Interpersonal Trust Scale using Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis in emerging adulthood sample. Convenience sampling used as sampling technique for EFA (N=320) and CFA (N=485). Four dimensions identified by EFA were Exploitation Institutional Factor reflecting one’s trust to an institution and also caution to exploitative condition; Role Trust reflects one’s trust to certain figure in performing their social role; Sincerity measures one’s trust that others are sincere and honest; and Trust of the Future reflects one’s trust about something that has not happened. This factor solution was cross-validated using CFA and obtain two remaining, namely Caution dan Sincerity. Reliability of this scale is inadequate for practical purpose and might be useful to use other technique for reliability testing instead of internal consistency.

PurposeIn the age of Industry 4.0 (I4.0), digital technologies (DTs) and the technologies' application in supply chain activities have become more important. On the other hand, global pressures for corporate social responsibility in the sustainable production of products are increasing. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to develop and validate an instrument to measure the impact of digital supply chain (DSC) activities on the sustainable performance of manufacturing companies.Design/methodology/approachIn the first step, through an in-depth study of the relevant literature, a conceptual model was developed and a questionnaire containing 51 indicators was designed. The questionnaire was distributed among 356 top managers and experts of the Iranian manufacturing companies, whereby finally 233 sound questionnaires were returned, yielding a response rate of about 64%. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to identify constructs and sub-constructs and the relationship between them was investigated using the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) method.FindingsBased on the obtained results, three constructs were identified, namely main activities (including sub-constructs: digital supplier, digital manufacturing, digital logistics and innovation and digital customer), support activities (with sub-constructs digital performance, DT and digital human resources) and sustainable performance (with sub-constructs of economic sustainability, environmental sustainability and social sustainability). The designed tool has excellent psychometric properties. The values of t-statistic = 11.07 and β = 0.602 indicate the positive impact of the DSC main activities on sustainable performance. Similarly, t = 2.42 and β = 0.149 prove that DSC support activities have a positive impact on sustainable performance. Also, based on the obtained values (t = 13.16 and β = 0.629), support activities have a significant impact on the main activities of the DSC. Finally, based on the calculated goodness-of-fit (GoF) index value (0.522), this paper concluded that the proposed model has high credibility.Research limitations/implicationsValidation of the model is based on the answers received from the Iranian manufacturing companies. Therefore, caution should be taken regarding the generalizability of the results.Practical implicationsThe proposed model presents a holistic view of the application of DTs in the supply chain and the DTs' impact on sustainable performance which might help manufacturing companies, particularly the Iranian companies to obtain a broader knowledge of the importance of DTs and DTs' usage toward responding to the challenges of today's complex business environment.Originality/valueThis study is among the first of the study's kind that attempts to develop and validate an instrument to measure the impact of DSC activities on the sustainable performance of manufacturing companies.

El análisis de la satisfacción académica constituye un aspecto clave para explicar la calidad del aprendizaje. Para medir el constructo, actualmente se dispone de la Escala de Satisfacción Académica (ESA), instrumento de medida basado en la perspectiva del bienestar psicológico. Debido a que no se cuenta con antecedentes sobre su aplicación en el contexto de la educación superior chilena, el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la estructura factorial, consistencia interna y validez de la ESA en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios chilenos. Los participantes fueron 608 estudiantes de siete universidades chilenas. Los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFC) apoyaron la estructura unifactorial propuesta en el modelo original. Finalmente, los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo (AFCM) apoyaron la invarianza del modelo de medida entre estudiantes mujeres y hombres. Se concluye que la ESA presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para medir la satisfacción académica en estudiantes universitarios chilenos.

Confined space workers do a wide range of tasks, many of which have a significant risk of hazardous exposure. Hence, a reliable and valid questionnaire is important in assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of workers in this field. The present study was conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire that could assess the KAP for safe working in a confined space. The questionnaire went through a development and validation process. The development stage consisted of a literature review, expert’s opinion, and evaluation by experts in the field via cognitive debriefing. The validation stage encompassed exploratory and confirmatory parts to investigate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. A total of 350 participants were recruited among confined space workers from two oil and gas companies in Malaysia. The two-parameter logistic item response theory (2-PL IRT) analysis was used for the knowledge section. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used in the attitude and practice sections of the validation stage. The development stage resulted in 30 items for knowledge, attitude, and practice sections. Items in the knowledge section showed an acceptable difficulty and discrimination, as noted during the 2-PL IRT analysis. The EFA resulted in a one-factor model for attitude and practice sections, and contained 18 items, with factor loading > 0.4. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.804 and 0.917 for attitude and practice sections, respectively. The CFA for attitude and practice sections indicated a good model fitness (Raykov’s rho = 0.814 and 0.912, respectively). All items indicated good reliability and valid psychometrics for determining KAP on safe working in a confined space.

Introduction: A family operates as a dynamic system comprising various subsystems and is continually interacting with its environment. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend the underlying principles of family functioning. One of the most commonly used models for describing family functioning is the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems (Olson & Gorall, 2003). Aims: In this study, we aimed at examining the factor structure and internal consistency reliability in the Croatian version of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale IV Package, which measures family functioning through family cohesion and flexibility at the balanced and unbalanced levels, as well as family communication and family satisfaction. Methods: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were performed using a convenient sample of 528 participants. Results: CFA revealed that the Croatian version of the FACES IV Package does not fit the theoretical model of the original factor structure in this preliminary study. The exceptions were the Family Communication Scale and Family Satisfaction Scale, which showed satisfactory parameters. The results of the EFA of FACES IV showed a 5-factor model solution. Conclusions: The Croatian version of the FACES IV Package is not completely suitable for use in the national context. Thus, given these preliminary findings, further testing on a more representative or clinical sample is recommended. Keywords: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), family functioning, FACES IV Package, family satisfaction

I demonstrate how you can conduct a parallel analysis in the Mplus program. Note that this option is currently only available for continuous factor indicators in Mplus.

In this session, I provide a conceptual introduction to exploratory factor analysis (EFA).

In this session, I provide discuss model selection criteria and goodness-of-fit statistics that are commonly used in EFA to determine the number of factors.

In this session, I show how to run an EFA with continuous factor indicators in Mplus.