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The purpose of this paper is to analyse language-image relations in Polish-language Internet memes in which the concept of INFLATION is communicated by means of conceptual metaphors. The memes chosen for this study rely on two modes, which are: written language and static image. With this in mind, this analysis concentrates on a multimodal process of meaning construction by showing how these two modes contribute to the shape of conceptual metaphors that can be identified in connection with a given meme. The meaning construction is seen as a cognitive process in which the final product is a conceptual metaphor characterized by the pattern B is A, where B, being the metaphorical target concept is INFLATION, whereas A, being the metaphorical source domain is a concept linked with the domain HUMAN BEING. With the assumption that meaning is a mental process, the analysis is cognitively oriented, and the adopted model is the extended conceptual metaphor theory (ExCMT) as proposed by Kövecses (2017, 2020). The unquestionable advantage of this model is the fact that being a multi-level theory of metaphor, the ExCMT accounts for the creation of novel metaphors in discourse.

This paper examines from a cognitive perspective the rhetorical and epistemic advantages that can be gained from the use of (extended) metaphors in political discourse. We defend the assumption that extended metaphors can be argumentatively exploited, and provide two arguments in support of the claim. First, considering that each instantiation of the metaphorical mapping in the text may function as a confirmation of the overall relevance of the main core mapping, we argue that extended metaphors carry self-validating claims that increase the chances of their content being accepted. Second, we show how the recognition of an extended metaphor’s sophistication and relevance (on behalf of the addressee) can benefit the speaker’s perceived competence (ethos). We then assess whether these two arguments measure against the dual epistemic monitoring postulated in the notion of epistemic vigilance (i.e., assessment of the source of a message and assessment of the message) and conclude that extended metaphors may fulfil the requirements of epistemic vigilance and lead to the stabilisation of a belief. We illustrate our account with an analysis of the extended metaphor of the USA as an empire found in a political pamphlet written by the Swiss politician Oskar Freysinger.

The article discusses important issues in the conceptual analysis of English idioms based on a multilayered online processing view of metaphor and the cognitive stylistic analysis of idioms, in an attempt to reconcile the two lines of research. The study focuses on idioms grouped under the semantic category of argument and conflict. First, the idioms are analysed from the perspective of the multilayered online processing view of metaphor. Second, the relevant cognitive stylistic features of idioms are described. The hypothesis that the multilevel view of metaphor can help establish certain conceptual regularities in semantically related idioms is investigated.

This interdisciplinary study presents the cutting-edge state of theoretical and applied research in phraseology. The author elaborates key terminology and theoretical concepts of phraseology, while challenging some prevailing assumptions. Exploration of phraseological meaning across sentence boundaries is supported by ample textual illustrations of stylistic use ranging from Old English to Modern English. The book contains innovative research in the discourse-level features of phraseological units from a cognitive perspective, along with creative use of phraseological metaphor, metonymy and allusion, including multimodal discourse. The author argues for the need to raise stylistic awareness among teachers and learners, translators, lexicographers and advertisers. This is the revised and extensively expanded new edition of 'Phraseological Units in Discourse: Towards Applied Stylistics' (2001). It received honourable mention at the ESSE Book Award 2012.

This study explores the metaphorical and metonymical expressions of sadness and joy in French idiomatic expressions, collected from various media sources and YouTube channels. Using a qualitative research design, it applies the Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory to analyze how these emotions are conceptualized through image schemas, domains, and mental spaces. A type-based approach is used to categorize the source domains underlying these metaphors. Metaphors were identified using the Metaphor Identification Procedure, while conceptual metaphor extraction followed a structured approach. Inter-rater reliability measures ensured the objectivity of the analysis. The findings reveal that French idioms conceptualize sadness through metaphors such as having an unwelcome insect (cockroach), grinding black thoughts, and having one’s spirits in one’s socks, whereas joy is expressed as being elevated with spiritual undertones and infused with vibrant colours like pink. Metonymies were also found where physiological, metaphorical, and expressive responses stand for emotions, as seen in Je ne suis pas dans mon assiette, Mon cœur saute, and Je pleure de joie. Comparative analysis with English, Chinese, and Japanese shows both universal patterns, such as sadness as bad taste and happiness as up, and culture-specific variations in emotional conceptualization. The study contributes to cognitive linguistics and cross-cultural metaphor research, demonstrating how language, culture, and cognition interact in shaping emotional expressions and providing insights for language learning and intercultural communication.

The Advent Lyrics, a group of Old English religious antiphons (formerly called Christ I) dating from about the 9th century, are presented in this edition as an independent group of poems disengaged, for the first time, from Cynewulf's Christ. Professor Campbell’s study focuses on the significance of the antiphons as lyrics rather than as philological documents. The book includes a full critical introduction, a new text and modern English translation (on facing pages), critical notes, and a glossary.Originally published in 1959.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Tijan M. Sallah is not the conventional African poet like Kofi Anyidoho, Frank Chipasula, Jack Mapanje, Chimalum Nwankwo, Niyi Osundare, and Tanure Ojaide, among so many others, who studied literature and teach literature in universities in Africa or in the West. He studied economics at both Berea College and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and is an economist by profession. After a short period of university teaching in the United States, he joined the World Bank and has been working there till now. For over a decade, as part of his professional assignment working on rural development in the World Bank, he traveled extensively in Africa and the Middle East.

Early reception of White Teeth, as has often been emphasized (Tew, 2010), tended to celebrate the novel as the expression of a relatively unproblematic ‘diverse’ London, where the iconic figure of Zadie Smith and her irreverent writing could thrive and become representative of the ‘New Britain’, a privileged space of conviviality and transformative interaction.1 Beyond such millenium optimism, in the political mood caused by the events of 9/11, the 2005 London bombings and the global economic crisis, and also after some distancing from the initial marketing of the book and the writer, closer readings of the text have provided more nuanced interpretations of the book’s politics. These acknowledge Smith’s ambiguous use of irony and her critique of what she labels ‘Happy Multicultural Land’ (McLeod, 2005; Jakubiak, 2008), and assign greater complexity to her urban representations, even while conceding that the light comic tone sits uncomfortably with the genuine fears that appeared in the new millennium.

Bioethical work on solidarity has yielded an array of divergent conceptions. But what do these accounts add to normative bioethics? What is solidarity’s distinctive social normative role? Prainsack and Buyx suggest that solidarity be understood as the ‘putty’ of justice. I argue here that the putty metaphor is deeply insightful and—when spelled out in detail—successfully explicates solidarity’s social normative function. Unfortunately, Prainsack and Buyx’s own account cannot play this role. I propose instead that the putty metaphor supports a conception of solidarity as equity. This proposal enables us to answer whether and when we should act in solidarity, and with whom, while also capturing the putty metaphor and hence answering a basic question: what is solidarity for?

In this paper, we take our cue from Kevin Schilbrack’s admonishment that the philosophy of religion needs to take religious practices seriously as an object of investigation. We do so by offering Afro-Brazilian traditions as an example of the methodological poverty of current philosophical engagement with religions that are not text-based, belief-focused, and institutionalized. Anthropologists have studied these primarily orally transmitted traditions for nearly a century. Still, they involve practices, such as offering and sacrifice as well as spirit possession and mediumship, that have yet to receive attention from philosophers. We argue that this is not an accident: philosophers have had a highly restricted diet of examples, have not looked at ethnography as source material, and thus still need to put together a methodology to tackle such practices. After elucidating Schilbrack’s suggestions to adopt an embodiment paradigm and apply conceptual metaphor theory and the extended mind thesis to consider religious practices as thoughtful, we offer criticism of the specifics of his threefold solution. First, it assumes language is linear; second, it takes a problematic view of the body; and third, it abides by a misleading view of the “levels” of cognition. We conclude that the philosophy of religion should adopt enactivism to understand religious practices as cognitive enterprises.