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Background Eyebrow position affects perceived facial expression and youthfulness, and its modification is a key component of facial rejuvenation. Objective This investigation aimed to assess the preferred vertical eyebrow position, apex location, and eyebrow shape in Caucasian and Asian individuals and to analyze gaze patterns during aesthetic judgment using eye-tracking technology. Materials and Methods The study included 76 Asian and Caucasian volunteers with no medical background. Eye movements were captured with a Tobii Pro Nano eye-tracker. Participants viewed AI-generated images of Caucasian and Asian females with varied eyebrow positions (ratios 1:1.3 to 1:2.5), shapes (angles 8° to 20°), and apex positions. Aesthetic preferences were rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Eye-tracking metrics and aesthetic ratings were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and bivariate correlations. Results Both genders across ethnicities preferred a moderate eyebrow position ratio of 1:1.6. For eyebrow shapes, a 12° angle received the highest ratings, while extremes were less favored, indicating a preference for moderately curved eyebrows. The most appealing apex position was above the lateral canthus for Asians, and halfway between the lateral limbus and lateral canthus for Caucasians. Eye-tracking revealed longer fixations on unattractive features, suggesting more complex cognitive processing, while attractive features were processed more efficiently. Conclusion The study revealed that aesthetic preferences for eyebrow features are influenced by both ethnic background and gender, with a general preference toward moderately curved eyebrows and subtle variations in preferred positions. These findings suggest a need for culturally sensitive approaches in facial aesthetic procedures and highlight the potential of eye-tracking technology to enhance surgical planning. Surgeons are advised to adopt a conservative, patient-centered approach when modifying eyebrow features, considering individual and cultural aesthetics to maximize patient satisfaction. Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Background Keratosis pilaris (KP) is a prevalent benign dermatological condition characterized by small bumps at the hair follicles alongside surrounding redness, significantly impacting both aesthetics and mental well‐being. Objective This study investigated the potential benefits of a non‐cross‐linked hyaluronic acid (HA) compound for treating KP. Methods A split‐body, investigator‐blinded, randomized, intraindividual comparative clinical trial was conducted. The non‐cross‐linked HA compound was injected into KP‐affected regions on both upper arms. The treatment was delivered across four sessions scheduled at 4‐week intervals. Blinded physicians and patients assessed differences in erythema, skin roughness, and overall scores between treated and control areas at the final follow‐up visit. At the 12th and 24th weeks post‐treatment, a four‐point scale was utilized to assess subjects' perceived treatment efficacy. Additionally, dermoscopic images, histological alterations, and adverse events were monitored. Results Physician assessments revealed a significant reduction in roughness and overall scores for treated areas compared to controls. Patient self‐assessments also reflected improvements in roughness, redness, and overall scores for treated sides at the final visit, with 35.71% of patients demonstrating sustained improvement in redness and 71.43% reporting persistent improvements in roughness at 24th weeks post‐treatment. The dermatoscopic examinations revealed a notable enhancement in both the quantity of follicular plugs and the extent of erythema among the subjects in the treatment group. Histopathological outcomes also demonstrated improvement. Conclusion This study suggests that the non‐cross‐linked HA compound effectively improves skin roughness and promotes hair shaft growth in KP treatment, demonstrating a favorable safety profile. These findings position it as a potentially viable alternative therapy in clinical practice.

BackgroundThe eyebrow area is a clinically critical district due to the anatomical complexity and the propensity to aging-related atrophy. Hyaluronic acid fillers have been proposed to recover the dermal volume of the facial and lips regions.AimThe aim of the present investigation was to evaluate hyaluronic acid fillers enriched with glycine and proline for the treatment of eyebrow augmentation.MethodsA total of 15 healthy patients were treated with eyebrow augmentation procedure. The distance between mid-bipupil to lateral eyebrow and mid-eyebrow to the medial eyebrow was measured before, immediately after treatment and at follow-up of 6 months.ResultsThe healing period was uneventful, and no evidence of inflammation or swelling associated with the treatment was reported. No macroscopical alteration was reported in the surrounding tissues with no evidences of visible wheals or lumps in the treated sites at the follow-up. Before treatment, the angle was equal to 9.32 ± 0.2°, while after treatment it was 11.21 ± 0.4° (p < 0.01); after three and 6 weeks, it was, respectively, 10.66 ± 0.2° (p<0.05) and 10.02 ± 0.3°(p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe study results suggest that the hyaluronic acid fillers enriched with glycine and proline treatment resulted as being a useful procedure for augmentation, contour and volume definition and elevation of the eyebrow region with a high-level aesthetic result.Level of Evidence IVThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Objective. Keratosis pilaris (KP) is a common condition which can frequently be cosmetically disturbing. Topical treatments can be used with limited efficacy. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for the treatment of KP. Patients and Methods. A prospective, randomized, single-blinded, intraindividual comparative study was conducted on adult patients with KP. A single session of fractional CO2 laser was performed to one side of arm whereas the contralateral side served as control. Patients were scheduled for follow-up at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment. Clinical improvement was graded subjectively by blinded dermatologists. Patients rated treatment satisfaction at the end of the study. Results. Twenty patients completed the study. All patients stated that the laser treatment improved KP lesions. At 12-week follow-up, 30% of lesions on the laser-treated side had moderate to good improvement according to physicians’ global assessment ( p = 0.02 ). Keratotic papules and hyperpigmentation appeared to respond better than the erythematous component. Four patients with Fitzpatrick skin type V developed transient pigmentary alteration. Conclusions. Fractional CO2 laser treatment may be offered to patients with KP. Dark-skinned patients should be treated with special caution.

Ritlecitinib is an orally bioavailable, small molecule that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a once‐daily oral treatment option for people 12 years of age and older with severe alopecia areata. This article assessed the exposure–response (ER) relationship of eyebrow and eyelash assessment (EBA/ELA) scores on ritlecitinib and compared them to the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score (primary endpoint) ER relationship on ritlecitinib. EBA and ELA both are numeric rating scales (NRS) with four levels (0 the most severe, 3 the normal). Longitudinal ER modeling with ordinal regression was conducted to describe ritlecitinib efficacy regarding the hair regrowth in eyebrows and eyelashes separately. The average concentration in the time interval between two adjacent EBA/ELA records was used as the exposure metric. The developed models described the longitudinal EBA/ELA profile and the responder rates adequately. The ER models and the model‐based simulations implied that the tested doses in the phase IIb/III clinical trial are in the ascending region, but the magnitude of loading dose effect on earlier efficacy is different across the efficacy endpoints of EBA, ELA, and SALT scores (which could be explained by the estimated EC50 [concentration at half maximum effect]). The established longitudinal ER relationships supported the selection of 50 mg dose for overall Alopecia areata (AA) patients with impaired eyebrow and eyelash hairs. The presented analysis using the ordinal regression model can be utilized in any ER analysis where PD response is an ordinal categorical variable.

Botulinum neurotoxin injection for treating glabellar frown lines is a commonly used method; however, side effects, such as ptosis and samurai eyebrow, have been reported due to a lack of comprehensive anatomical knowledge. The anatomical factors important for the injection of the botulinum neurotoxin into the corrugator supercilii muscle has been reviewed in this study. Current understanding on the localization of the botulinum neurotoxin injection point from newer anatomy examination was evaluated. We observed that for the glabellar-frown-line-related muscles, the injection point could be more accurately demarcated. We propose the injection method and the best possible injection sites for the corrugator supercilii muscle. We propose the optimal injection sites using external anatomical landmarks for the frequently injected muscles of the face to accelerate effective glabellar frown line removal. Moreover, these instructions would support a more accurate procedure without adverse events.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the topography of the corrugator supercilii muscle (CSM) relative to the eyebrow with the aim of providing topographical guidance for botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections in the East Asian population. Thirty-six hemifaces of 18 donated bodies for anatomical studies were dissected. Prior to dissection, four specific points on the eyebrow were marked to serve as reference points. A superimposition method for analyzing the position of the CSM relative to the eyebrow involved overlaying an image showing the dissected muscle onto a pre-existing image that contained reference lines indicating the eyebrow landmarks. The CSM almost overlaps the eyebrow at its medial end. Significantly, the central part of the CSM’s width was positioned just above the upper point of the eyebrow, being closely aligned with the midpupillary line. There was minimal overlap of the CSM beyond the midpupillary line on the lateral side, indicating that this muscle becomes relatively scarce or less distinct as it extends laterally from the midpupillary line. For effectively targeting the CSM, it is recommended to inject BTX-A precisely at the center of the medial end of the eyebrow just above the midpupillary line.

Sensing subjective hedonic or emotional experiences during eating using physiological activity is practically and theoretically important. A recent psychophysiological study has reported that facial electromyography (EMG) measured from the corrugator supercilii muscles was negatively associated with hedonic ratings, including liking, wanting, and valence, during the consumption of solid foods. However, the study protocol prevented participants from natural mastication (crushing of food between the teeth) during physiological data acquisition, which could hide associations between hedonic experiences and masticatory muscle activity during natural eating. We investigated this issue by assessing participants’ subjective ratings (liking, wanting, valence, and arousal) and recording physiological measures, including EMG of the corrugator supercilii, zygomatic major, masseter, and suprahyoid muscles while they consumed gel-type solid foods (water-based gellan gum jellies) of diverse flavors. Ratings of liking, wanting, and valence were negatively correlated with corrugator supercilii EMG and positively correlated with masseter and suprahyoid EMG. These findings imply that subjective hedonic experiences during food consumption can be sensed using EMG signals from the brow and masticatory muscles.