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Glamorous glasses
After helping her cousin Joanie find glasses, Bobbie convinces Joanie to let her wear them while they go to Sophie's Sweet Shoppe.
Book
Does Vision Health Knowledge Matter? A Cross-Sectional Study of Primary School Students in Rural China
To estimate the prevalence, consequences of, and factors associated with poor vision health knowledge among students, parents, and teachers in rural China.
This cross-sectional study was conducted with 17,902 students among 251 primary schools in rural China. The primary outcomes were eyeglasses ownership and wear rates, measured by self-reported eyeglasses ownership and wear status. Descriptive and multivariable regression analyses were performed.
Students, parents, and teachers had a high prevalence of poor vision health knowledge, with 90% of students, 86% of parents, and 56% of teachers scoring 4 or below on the study's vision knowledge test. Among 2,893 students needing eyeglasses, only 563 (19.46%) owned eyeglasses and 450 (15.55%) wore them. Both student and parental vision health knowledge were positively associated with eyeglasses ownership (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Parental vision health knowledge also showed a positive association with eyeglasses wear (p=0.098). Students with higher parental vision health knowledge and male students had higher vision health knowledge. Parents with higher education levels, at least one family member wearing eyeglasses, medium to high family wealth demonstrated higher levels of vision health knowledge.
We found that poor vision health knowledge is prevalent among children, parents, and teachers in rural western China, and that prevalent visual impairment among children is accompanied by low eyeglasses ownership and wear rates. We also found positive and significant correlations between students' and parental vision health knowledge and students' eyeglasses ownership, as well as between parental vision health knowledge and students' eyeglasses wear rates, suggesting that efforts are needed to improve vision health knowledge among students and parents in rural China.
Journal Article
Evaluating the myopia progression control efficacy of defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) lenses and Apollo progressive addition spectacle lenses (PALs) in 6- to 12-year-old children: study protocol for a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial
Background
Myopia is increasing in prevalence and is currently recognized as a significant public health issue worldwide, particularly in China. Once myopia develops, appropriate clinical interventions need to be prescribed to slow its progression. Currently, several publications indicate that myopic defocus (MD) retards eye growth and myopia progression. However, no clinical trials have compared the outcomes of different MD spectacle lenses in the same observational group, especially in mainland China. The aim of the present study is to compare the myopia control efficiency of two different MD spectacle lenses: defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) lenses and Apollo progressive addition lenses (PALs).
Methods
The trial is designed as a 3-year, prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial of schoolchildren treated with DIMS lenses and PALs. A total of 600 Chinese primary school children aged 6–12 years will be recruited, and each group is intended to include 300 subjects. The inclusion criteria are myopia between − 1.00 and − 5.00 diopters and astigmatism ≤ 1.50 diopters. The follow-up time points will be 1 month (m), 3 m, 6 m, 12 m, 18 m, 24 m, 30 m, and 36 m. The primary outcome will be determined by the difference between the two groups in cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction between baseline and the last follow-up visit. The secondary outcome is the axial length, and the exploratory outcomes include ocular biometric measures, peripheral refraction, binocular vision, accommodation, compliance, and the results of questionnaires related to wearing experiences.
Discussion
The present study will be the first randomized controlled trial in myopic primary school children treated with DIMS lenses and PALs in China. The results will indicate whether and how much different MD mechanisms retard myopia progression and axial elongation. In addition, the comparison will provide information on the clinical efficacy and safety of DIMS lenses and PALs, including information related to wearing experiences and visual function.
Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ChiCTR1900025645. Registered on 3 September 2019.
http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=42927
.
Journal Article
Spectacular spectacles
When Nancy's friend Bree gets some glittery glasses to help her see better, Nancy, who likes to be fancy, wants to wear glasses too.
Book
Technical Support by Smart Glasses During a Mass Casualty Incident: A Randomized Controlled Simulation Trial on Technically Assisted Triage and Telemedical App Use in Disaster Medicine
To treat many patients despite lacking personnel resources, triage is important in disaster medicine. Various triage algorithms help but often are used incorrectly or not at all. One potential problem-solving approach is to support triage with Smart Glasses.
In this study, augmented reality was used to display a triage algorithm and telemedicine assistance was enabled to compare the duration and quality of triage with a conventional one.
A specific Android app was designed for use with Smart Glasses, which added information in terms of augmented reality with two different methods-through the display of a triage algorithm in data glasses and a telemedical connection to a senior emergency physician realized by the integrated camera. A scenario was created (ie, randomized simulation study) in which 31 paramedics carried out a triage of 12 patients in 3 groups as follows: without technical support (control group), with a triage algorithm display, and with telemedical contact.
A total of 362 assessments were performed. The accuracy in the control group was only 58%, but the assessments were quicker (on average 16.6 seconds). In contrast, an accuracy of 92% (P=.04) was achieved when using technical support by displaying the triage algorithm. This triaging took an average of 37.0 seconds. The triage group wearing data glasses and being telemedically connected achieved 90% accuracy (P=.01) in 35.0 seconds.
Triage with data glasses required markedly more time. While only a tally was recorded in the control group, Smart Glasses led to digital capture of the triage results, which have many tactical advantages. We expect a high potential in the application of Smart Glasses in disaster scenarios when using telemedicine and augmented reality features to improve the quality of triage.
Journal Article
Willingness to pay for a second pair of near-vision glasses: a cross-sectional study in a rural North Indian population
Purpose
There is an enormous unmet need for near vision correction with glasses. The cost and lack of felt need are important barriers. This study, which was conducted among a rural population of northern India, was designed to assess whether the short-term use of a pair of near-vision glasses can increase the desirability for individuals to procure subsequent pairs and to further assess the willingness to pay thresholds.
Methods
This study followed a quasi-experimental design. Uncorrected presbyopes were given near vision glasses at their doorstep, to carry out their chosen near work task for half- an- hour (this use of glasses was referred to as ‘experience’ for the purpose of this study). They were then referred to nearby vision centres to procure glasses. This ‘experience’ given was used as a proxy for having used the first pair. At the vision centre, glasses were offered at no cost, for Indian Rupees 75 (US$0.90) and for Indian Rupees 100 (US$1.20) in the first, second and third phases of the study, respectively. The usual price at which near-vision glasses were otherwise available in the region was Indian Rupees150 (US$1.8). The uptake of glasses after having received the near correction experience was tracked via the Peek Vision platform.
Results
The most preferred chosen near work task by the study participants were stitching, after threading the needle and using a mobile phone. The uptake of near-vision glasses from the vision centre after providing the desired experience was 81.4% (835/1,026), 48.3% (699/1,446) and 29.2% (93/318) when the glasses were provided free of cost, at $0.90 and at $1.20 respectively. The difference between these three phases was statistically significant (
p
< 0.001). Uptake was found to be increase with need for increasing lens power (
p
< 0.01) and especially among those who reported the ‘experience’ as ‘very good’ or ‘excellent’(
p
< 0.001). Uptake decreased with increasing age (
p
< 0.01). Differences in uptake between sexes and between those with or without the availability of a mode of transport in their household were not found to be significant.
Conclusion
Having experience with the first pair of near-vision glasses can increase desirability of procuring subsequent pairs. Offering the second pair at a reduced price can increase the uptake substantially in this setting, suggesting that active outreach to correct near vision in tandem with accessible and affordable marketplaces for reading glasses could provide a viable solution to scale near vision correction.
Journal Article
Honey Bunny's honey bear
Honey Bunny Funnybear wants very much to be friends with the cute bear who sits next to her in school, but he never seems to notice her.
Book
One-year myopia control efficacy of spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets
AimsTo evaluate the 1-year efficacy of two new myopia control spectacle lenses with lenslets of different asphericity.MethodsOne hundred seventy schoolchildren aged 8–13 years with myopia of −0.75 D to −4.75 D were randomised to receive spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HAL), spectacle lenses with slightly aspherical lenslets (SAL), or single-vision spectacle lenses (SVL). Cycloplegic autorefraction (spherical equivalent refraction (SER)), axial length (AL) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured at baseline and 6-month intervals. Adaptation and compliance questionnaires were administered during all visits.ResultsAfter 1 year, the mean changes in the SER (±SE) and AL (±SE) in the SVL group were −0.81±0.06 D and 0.36±0.02 mm. Compared with SVL, the myopia control efficacy measured using SER was 67% (difference of 0.53 D) for HAL and 41% (difference of 0.33 D) for SAL, and the efficacy measured using AL was 64% (difference of 0.23 mm) for HAL and 31% (difference of 0.11 mm) for SAL (all p<0.01). HAL resulted in significantly greater myopia control than SAL for SER (difference of 0.21 D, p<0.001) and AL (difference of 0.12 mm, p<0.001). The mean BCVA (−0.01±0.1 logMAR, p=0.22) and mean daily wearing time (13.2±2.6 hours, p=0.26) were similar among the three groups. All groups adapted to their lenses with no reported adverse events, complaints or discomfort.ConclusionsSpectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets effectively slow myopia progression and axial elongation compared with SVL. Myopia control efficacy increased with lenslet asphericity.Trial registration numberChiCTR1800017683.
Journal Article