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The production of hybrid layered composites allows comprehensive modification of their properties and adaptation to the final expectations. Different methods, such as hand lay-up, vacuum bagging, and resin infusion were applied to manufacture the hybrid composites. In turn, fabrics used for manufacturing composites were made of glass (G), aramid (A), carbon (C), basalt (B), and flax (F) fibers. Flexural, puncture impact behavior, and cone calorimetry tests were applied to establish the effect of the manufacturing method and the fabrics layout on the mechanical and fire behavior of epoxy-based laminates. The lowest flammability and smoke emission were noted for composites made by vacuum bagging (approximately 40% lower values of total smoke release compared with composites made by the hand lay-up method). It was demonstrated that multi-layer hybrid composites made by vacuum bagging might enhance the fire safety levels and simultaneously maintain high mechanical properties designed for, e.g., the railway and automotive industries.

Polyester/polyamide 6 hollow segmented pie bicomponent spunbond hydro-entangled microfiber nonwovens (PET/PA6) with a microfilament structure have recently emerged in many markets around the world due to their green, high-strength, and lightweight properties. However, PET/PA6 is highly hydrophobic, which inhibits its large-scale application at present. In order to enhance the hydrophilic performance of PET/PA6, many methods have been applied, but the effects are not obvious. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation treatment has proven to be an effective method to improve the hydrophilicity of fabrics. Herein, the aim of this paper was to investigate hydrophilic modification of PET/PA6 by UV/TiO[sub.2]/H[sub.2]O[sub.2]. The effect of H[sub.2]O[sub.2], nano-TiO[sub.2], and UV irradiation time on the morphology, elemental composition, hydrophilic properties, and mechanical properties of PET/PA6 were systematically investigated. The results showed that the modified microfibers were coated with a layer of granular material on the surface. It was found that the C 1s peak could be deconvoluted into six components (C-C-C, C-C-O, O-C=O, N-C=O, N-C-C, and C-C=O), and a suitable mechanism was proposed. Moreover, the water contact angle of PET/PA6 modified by 90 min irradiation with UV/TiO[sub.2]/H[sub.2]O[sub.2] decreased to zero in 0.015 s, leading to the water vapor transmission rate and the water absorption reaching 5567.49 g/(m[sup.2]·24 h) and 438.81%, respectively. In addition, the modified PET/PA6 had an excellent liquid wicking height of 141.87 mm and liquid wicking rate of 28.37 mm/min.

As the basic materials with specific properties, fabrics have been widely applied in electromagnetic (EM) wave protection and control due to their characteristics of low density, excellent mechanical properties as well as designability. According to the different mechanisms and application scenarios on EM waves, fabrics can be divided into three types: EM shielding fabric, wave-absorbing fabric and wave-transparent fabric, which have been summarized and prospected from the aspects of mechanisms and research status, and it is believed that the current research on EM wave fabrics are imperfect in theory. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of different EM properties and application conditions, the structure of fabrics will be diversified, and more and more attentions should be paid to the research on structure of fabrics that meets EM properties, which will be conductive to guiding the development and optimization of fabrics. Furthermore, the application of fabrics in EM waves will change from 2D to 3D, from single structure to multiple structures, from large to small, as well as from heavy to light.

There are many elements that compose the Agro Pontino today, linked by complex and not always obvious relationships, afferent to different domains, both natural and artificial. But it's the very nature of the Pontine territory, the product of land reclamation and improvement in the 1920s and 1930s, that prevents a categorical interpretation. The results of this complex work constitute an important architectural, urban, engineering and landscape heritage, an experiment in an innovative way of rethinking and re-founding the territory, also based on the then nascent discipline of modern urban planning. If we assume that this heterogeneous and extensive heritage can be preserved, it is worth asking how the relevant restoration, conservation and enhancement operations can be performed, and not only on architectural or infrastructure buildings. This study aims to verify whether a transcalar approach can be adopted to describe the specific nature of this complex heritage, which today requires attention and care. Keywords Conservation, Transcalarity, Interpretation, Critical reading, Heritage.

Flexible supercapacitors have recently attracted intense interest. However, achieving high energy density via practical materials and synthetic techniques is a major challenge. Here, we develop a hetero-structured material made of black phosphorous that is chemically bridged with carbon nanotubes. Using a microfluidic-spinning technique, the hybrid black phosphorous–carbon nanotubes are further assembled into non-woven fibre fabrics that deliver high performance as supercapacitor electrodes. The flexible supercapacitor exhibits high energy density (96.5 mW h cm −3 ), large volumetric capacitance (308.7 F cm −3 ), long cycle stability and durability upon deformation. The key to performance lies in the open two-dimensional structure of the black phosphorous/carbon nanotubes, plentiful channels (pores <1 nm), enhanced conduction, and mechanical stability as well as fast ion transport and ion flooding. Benefiting from this design, high-energy flexible supercapacitors can power various electronics (e.g., light emitting diodes, smart watches and displays). Such designs may guide the development of next-generation wearable electronics. Supercapacitors that exhibit flexibility and deformability are attractive for wearable devices; however achieving high energy density remains challenging. Here the authors report a non-woven fabric based on black phosphorus and carbon nanotubes for use in a supercapacitor with notable performance.

This study aims to examine the antimicrobial properties and washing resistance of cotton fabrics coated with propolis-doped hydrogel. More specifically, we compared the hygienic properties of AgNO3 (a common antimicrobial agent in textile materials), and the antimicrobial properties of propolis for the first time. We used PVA and NaCMC for hydrogel production because they are biocompatible and non-toxic. Later, we looked at how effective the propolis or AgNO3-doped hydrogel-coated cotton fabrics are against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans fungus, and compared their findings. Our results demonstrated that propolis could be a natural antibacterial alternative to AgNO3. The more active substance content there was, the more antibacterial and washing resistant it became. We used SEM images of the hydrogel coating and SEM–EDX images to how much silver the silver-doped layers contained. ATR–FTIR results also supported flavonoids and phenol in the structure of propolis itself. The changes in the basic comfort properties of the products were at acceptable levels.

Tongan women living outside of their island homeland create and use hand-made, sometimes hybridized, textiles to maintain and rework their cultural traditions in diaspora. Central to these traditions is an ancient concept of homeland or nation-fonua-which Tongans retain as an anchor for modern nation-building. Utilizing the concept of the \"multi-territorial nation,\" the author questions the notion that living in diaspora is mutually exclusive with authentic cultural production and identity. The globalized nation the women build through gifting their barkcloth and fine mats, challenges the normative idea that nations are always geographically bounded or spatially contiguous. The work suggests that, contrary to prevalent understandings of globalization, global resource flows do not always primarily involve commodities. Focusing on first-generation Tongans in New Zealand and the relationships they forge across generations and throughout the diaspora, the book examines how these communities centralize the diaspora by innovating and adapting traditional cultural forms in unprecedented ways.

The industrial revolution has led to a frequent leakage of crude oil into marine waters and the contamination of wastewater with various oils and organic liquids. Therefore, the development of multifunctional materials for oil/ water separation is a fast-growing research area for the remediation of oil-polluted water. Separation processes based on advanced superwetting materials have been proposed as a novel and smart nonconventional technology for oily wastewater treatment. This review focuses on the fabrication of superwetting cotton textile materials for water/oil separation. The principles of selective water/oil separation including the wettability models, separation mechanism, and separation modes are highlighted. Two types of superwetting materials are presented including superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic cotton fabrics for the separation of various immiscible and emulsified oil/water mixtures. The discussion of this review focuses on the fabrication process in terms of (a) modification of surface roughness, and (b) surface energy to achieve the superwetting performance. The performance of the modified superwetting cotton textiles was highlighted in terms of their wetting behaviour, durability, separation efficiency, intrusion pressure, and recyclability. Smart cotton fabrics with controllable and switchable wettability are presented including the pH-responsive, thermo-responsive, photo-responsive, dual-responsive, and Janus membranes. The current assessment methods for the evaluation of mechanical and chemical durability are highlighted. Future studies shall focus on the fabrication of cotton textiles with smart, switchable, and controllable wettability as well as the Janus cotton textiles to maximize the utilization of the amphiphilic nature of cotton fabrics and textiles.

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) converts mechanical energy into valuable electrical energy, offering a solution for future energy needs. As an indispensable part of TENG, textile TENG (T-TENG) has incredible advantages in harvesting biomechanical energy and physiological signal monitoring. However, the application of T-TENG is restricted, partly because the fabric structure parameter and structure on T-TENG performance have not been fully exploited. This study comprehensively investigates the effect of weaving structure on fabric TENGs (F-TENGs) for direct-weaving yarn TENGs and post-coating fabric TENGs. For direct-weaving F-TENGs, a single-yarn TENG (Y-TENG) with a core-sheath structure is fabricated using conductive yarn as the core layer yarn and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filaments as the sheath yarn. Twelve fabrics with five different sets of parameters were designed and investigated. For post-coating F-TENGs, fabrics with weaving structures of plain, twill, satin, and reinforced twill were fabricated and coated with conductive silver paint. Overall, the twill F-TENGs have the best electrical outputs, followed by the satin F-TENGs and plain weave F-TENGs. Besides, the increase of the Y-TENG gap spacing was demonstrated to improve the electrical output performance. Moreover, T-TENGs are demonstrated for human-computer interaction and self-powered real-time monitoring. This systematic work provides guidance for the future T-TENG’s design.

This paper provides a review of recent studies on the weave factor along with the effect of weave parameters and particularly the weave structure on various properties of woven fabric. The weave structure can be considered as one of the prime parameters that contributes to the dominant physical and qualitative properties of the woven fabric. This study analyzed not only the parameters that significantly influence the properties of the woven fabric, but also the weave factors for the estimation of the weave that were proposed by earlier scientists. This review paper highlights the impact of weave structure on the physical and mechanical, thermo-physiological and comfort properties, and some special application properties of woven fabrics. This work seeks to serve as a future reference for related research.