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Dissimulation and the Culture of Secrecy in Early Modern Europe
2009
\"Larvatus prodeo,\" announced René Descartes at the beginning of the seventeenth century: \"I come forward, masked.\" Deliberately disguising or silencing their most intimate thoughts and emotions, many early modern Europeans besides Descartes-princes, courtiers, aristocrats and commoners alike-chose to practice the shadowy art of dissimulation. For men and women who could not risk revealing their inner lives to those around them, this art of incommunicativity was crucial, both personally and politically. Many writers and intellectuals sought to explain, expose, justify, or condemn the emergence of this new culture of secrecy, and from Naples to the Netherlands controversy swirled for two centuries around the powers and limits of dissimulation, whether in affairs of state or affairs of the heart. This beautifully written work crisscrosses Europe, with a special focus on Italy, to explore attitudes toward the art of dissimulation in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Discussing many canonical and lesser-known works, Jon R. Snyder examines the treatment of dissimulation in early modern treatises and writings on the court, civility, moral philosophy, political theory, and in the visual arts.
A Philosophy of Lying
From lying to friends to lies in politics, a wide-ranging examination of the forms and ethics of falsehood. From popular philosopher Lars Svendsen, this book is a comprehensive investigation of lying in everyday life. What exactly is a lie, Svendsen asks, and how does lying differ from related phenomena, such as \"bullshit\" or being truthful? Svendsen also investigates the ethics of lying—why is lying almost always morally wrong, and why is lying to one's friends especially bad? The book concludes by looking at lying in politics, from Plato's theory of the \"noble lie\" to the Big Lie of Donald Trump. As phrases like \"fake news\" and \"alternative facts\" permeate our feeds, Svendsen's conclusion is perhaps a surprising one: that, even though we all occasionally lie, we are for the most part trustworthy. Trusting others makes one vulnerable, and we will all be duped from time to time. But all things considered, Svendsen contends, truthfulness and vulnerability are preferable to living in a constant state of distrust.
The Structure of Ideas
by
Schroeder, Jared
in
Artificial Intelligence
,
Artificial intelligence-Social aspects-United States
,
Democracy
2024
In his historic 1919 dissent, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes named, and thus catalyzed the creation of, the marketplace of ideas. This conceptual space has, ever since, been used to give shape to American constitutional notions of the freedom of expression. It has also eluded clear definition, as jurists and scholars have contested its meaning for more than a century. In The Structure of Ideas, Jared Schroeder takes on the task of mapping the various iterations of the marketplace, from its early foundations in Enlightenment beliefs in universal truths and rational actors, to its increasingly expansive parameters for protecting expression in the arenas of commercial, corporate, and online speech. Schroeder contends that in today's information landscape, marked by the rapid emergence of artificial intelligence, the marketplace is failing to provide a space where truths succeed and falsity fails. AI and networked technologies have thoroughly overpowered all traditional pictures of the marketplace up to now. Schroeder proposes various theoretical interventions that would revise the marketplace for the current moment, and concludes by describing a new space built around algorithms, AI, and virtual communication.
The Truth Society
2020
Noelle Molé Liston's The Truth Society seeks to
understand how a period of Italian political spectacle, which
regularly blurred fact and fiction, has shaped how people
understand truth, mass-mediated information, scientific knowledge,
and forms of governance. Liston scrutinizes Italy's late
twentieth-century political culture, particularly the impact of the
former prime minister and media mogul Silvio Berlusconi. By doing
so, she examines how this truth-bending political era made science,
logic, and rationality into ideas that needed saving.
With the prevalence of fake news and our seeming lack of shared
reality in the \"post-truth\" world, many people struggle to figure
out where this new normal came from. Liston argues that seemingly
disparate events and practices that have unfolded in Italy are
historical reactions to mediatized political forms and particular,
cultivated ways of knowing. Politics, then, is always sutured to
how knowledge is structured, circulated, and processed. The
Truth Society offers Italy as a case study for understanding
the remaking of politics in an era of disinformation.
Practices of truth : an ethnomethodological inquiry into Arab contexts
The claim of this book is that truth is a matter of language games and practical achievements: it is a \"member phenomenon\". To document this statement, it proceeds to the investigation of instances of truth-related practices in various Arab contexts. Bearing on the constitution of actions and events, on what is factual or objective, on predictability, consequentiality, intentionality, causality, and on the many ways people orient to them, such a varied set of questions appears thoroughly moral. The praxeological respecification this book undertakes leads to important considerations regarding the question of morality in ordinary reasoning, and the categories and categorizations on which that morality is based: moral values are publicly available; morality has a modal logic; moral values and conventions have an open texture; objectivity is a practical achievement carried out by members of society; the moral order is an omnipresent, constitutive characteristic of social practice.