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Liang Hu,1 Handan Wang,1 Juan Tian,1 Yijin Wu2 1School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 2Center for Geriatric Healthcare Services and Health Education, Rizhao, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yijin Wu, Center for Geriatric Healthcare Services and Health Education, Qufu Normal University, 80 Yantai Road, Rizhao, 276787, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 531 88377118, +86 531 88377118, Email wuyijin9972@126.comBackground: Older adults in rural China bear a significant proportion of their healthcare expenses through out-of-pocket payments, resulting in a considerable financial burden on their families.Objective: This study aimed to explore the key factors influencing adult children’s involvement in financing healthcare expenses for their elderly parents in rural China.Methods: Data were collected by in-depth interviews using a semi-structured interview guide approved by all researchers. Inductive content analysis was employed to analyze data. A total of 15 participants were involved in the study.Results: Adult children primarily assume responsibility for their elderly parents’ healthcare expenses in rural China, with occasional support from government subsidies. The principles guiding cost-sharing among adult children include filial piety, fairness, capability, and traditional gender roles. When adult children decline to take on the financial responsibilities, they may face pressure from the family members, the community, and local authorities, in some cases, elderly individuals may even resort to legal recourse. The state covers the healthcare expenses for older individuals without children through the “Five Guarantees” program and elder care institutions.Conclusion: This study highlights the financial dynamics within families in rural China, emphasizing the need for improved support systems to alleviate the burden on adult children and their elderly parents.Keywords: healthcare expenditures, filial piety, elderly care, family responsibilities

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the issue of gender inequality in the labour market in relation to greater risks of unemployment and financial vulnerability. The shift to remote work altered responsibilities for domestic labour among partnered couples and single parents, as did the impact of closed schools, childcare centres, and more. Disruptions to economic and social arrangements of South African women were no different than what other women in similar situations experienced in other countries. This study sought to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women, with respect to employment, work-life balance and family responsibilities. A qualitative study within a constructivist paradigm, with a multisite, instrumental case study design was used. Data were collected from participants using both a survey questionnaire and a structured interview. A sample size of 172 was sought for the questionnaire and 26 qualitative interviews were conducted, guided by data saturation. Quantitative questionnaire data were analysed using SPSS (version 27) for descriptive and inferential statistics. Thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews used NVIVO for coding and categorising. Black women, particularly from the informal sector, were found more adversely affected than those in formal employment by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study contributes to understanding the effects the COVID-19 pandemic had on women’s employment, work-life balance and family responsibilities.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the issue of gender inequality in the labour market in relation to greater risks of unemployment and financial vulnerability. The shift to remote work altered responsibilities for domestic labour among partnered couples and single parents, as did the impact of closed schools, child care centres, and more. Disruptions to economic and social arrangements of South African women were no different than what other women in similar situations experienced in other countries. This study sought to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women, with respect to employment, work-life balance and family responsibilities. A qualitative study within a constructivist paradigm, with a multisite, instrumental case study design was used. Data were collected from participants using both a survey questionnaire and a structured interview. A sample size of 172 was sought for the questionnaire and 26 qualitative interviews were conducted guided by data saturation. Quantitative questionnaire data were analysed using SPSS (version 27) for descriptive and inferential statistics. Thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews was done using NVIVO for coding and categorising. Black women, particularly from the informal sector, were found to be more adversely affected than those in formal employment by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study contributes to understanding the effects the COVID-19 pandemic had on women’s employment, work-life balance and family responsibilities.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the issue of gender inequality in the labour market in relation to greater risks of unemployment and financial vulnerability. The shift to remote work altered responsibilities for domestic labour among partnered couples and single parents, as did the impact of closed schools, childcare centres, and more. Disruptions to economic and social arrangements of South African women were no different than what other women in similar situations experienced in other countries. This study sought to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women, with respect to employment, work-life balance and family responsibilities. A qualitative study within a constructivist paradigm, with a multisite, instrumental case study design was used. Data were collected from participants using both a survey questionnaire and a structured interview. A sample size of 172 was sought for the questionnaire and 26 qualitative interviews were conducted, guided by data saturation. Quantitative questionnaire data were analysed using SPSS (version 27) for descriptive and inferential statistics. Thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews used NVIVO for coding and categorising. Black women, particularly from the informal sector, were found more adversely affected than those in formal employment by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study contributes to understanding the effects the COVID-19 pandemic had on women’s employment, work-life balance and family responsibilities.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the issue of gender inequality in the labour market in relation to greater risks of unemployment and financial vulnerability. The shift to remote work altered responsibilities for domestic labour among partnered couples and single parents, as did the impact of closed schools, childcare centres, and more. Disruptions to economic and social arrangements of South African women were no different than what other women in similar situations experienced in other countries. This study sought to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women, with respect to employment, work-life balance and family responsibilities. A qualitative study within a constructivist paradigm, with a multisite, instrumental case study design was used. Data were collected from participants using both a survey questionnaire and a structured interview. A sample size of 172 was sought for the questionnaire and 26 qualitative interviews were conducted, guided by data saturation. Quantitative questionnaire data were analysed using SPSS (version 27) for descriptive and inferential statistics. Thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews used NVIVO for coding and categorising. Black women, particularly from the informal sector, were found more adversely affected than those in formal employment by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study contributes to understanding the effects the COVID-19 pandemic had on women’s employment, work-life balance and family responsibilities.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the issue of gender inequality in the labour market in relation to greater risks of unemployment and financial vulnerability. The shift to remote work altered responsibilities for domestic labour among partnered couples and single parents, as did the impact of closed schools, childcare centres, and more. Disruptions to economic and social arrangements of South African women were no different than what other women in similar situations experienced in other countries. This study sought to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women, with respect to employment, work-life balance and family responsibilities. A qualitative study within a constructivist paradigm, with a multisite, instrumental case study design was used. Data were collected from participants using both a survey questionnaire and a structured interview. A sample size of 172 was sought for the questionnaire and 26 qualitative interviews were conducted, guided by data saturation. Quantitative questionnaire data were analysed using SPSS (version 27) for descriptive and inferential statistics. Thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews used NVIVO for coding and categorising. Black women, particularly from the informal sector, were found more adversely affected than those in formal employment by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study contributes to understanding the effects the COVID-19 pandemic had on women’s employment, work-life balance and family responsibilities.

Existing frameworks of task values have called for greater attention to contextual factors that inform decision-making. A critique of this research is a lack of attention to the cultural and situational milieu embedded in motivational theories. Investigating the development of academic values through obligations to the family and self-perceptions of academic ability adds to our understanding of the broader factors that drive student motivation in STEM. This paper explored the roles of family-related obligations associated with the motivational utility values of college STEM majors and the mediating role of academic efficacy. College students at two large ethnically diverse public research institutions shared their experiences in an initial survey as part of a larger longitudinal study on student adversity, motivation, and persistence in STEM (N = 1571, Mage = 20.41). The results revealed that academic efficacy weakens the roles of caregiving obligations on the perceived utility of their STEM major. The role of financial obligations to the family on students’ utility values operated indirectly through self-efficacy. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed.

Unlike the independent path of first-generation college students in the West, first-generation college students in China tend to integrate personal development with family responsibility. Using a sample of 16 first-generation college students who serve as elder siblings and the first in their family to go to college, this qualitative inquiry analyzes educational assistance among siblings in rural China. The results show that these first-generation college students emphasize family responsibility, and they provide educational assistance guided by a moral commitment to \"helping each other as a family\" and the expectation of \"another college student in the family.\" This approach aims to expand their younger siblings' educational opportunities while compensating for their parents' lack of cultural capital. However, they encounter various challenges throughout this journey, which are coupled with substantial psychological pressure. This study highlights a rational perspective on first-generation college students' educational assistance to facilitate the bond within the family better and ultimately establish a pathway for individual growth, family education enhancement, and social equity. (HRK / Abstract übernommen).

As men take on more family responsibilities over time, with women still shouldering considerably more childcare and housework, an important ethical matter facing organizations is that of providing a supportive environment to foster employee well-being and balance between work and family. Using conservation of resources theory, this multi-source study examines the association between perceived family responsibility discrimination and work-life conflict as mediated by emotional exhaustion. Employee gender and power distance values are tested as moderators of the perceived family responsibility discrimination to emotional exhaustion relationship. Results suggest that male employees who perceive family responsibility discrimination from their supervisor and hold high power distance values experience increased emotional exhaustion and work-life conflict. Female workers who perceive family responsibility discrimination from their supervisor experience increased emotional exhaustion and work-life conflict regardless of whether they have high or low power distance. Findings are consistent with theory-based predictions from conservation of resources theory: resources that are valued and not provided in the work context deplete emotional energies and ultimately trigger work-life conflict. Findings build on the work-life literature by introducing gender and power distance as factors that shape when employees feel the draining eifects of family responsibility discrimination.

The number of women entering the medical and healthcare workforce globally has increased in the past several decades. Women have many roles and positions in healthcare organizations, hospitals and healthcare education settings. Although there has been an increase in the number of women, female workers continue to face many workplace challenges. This scoping review aimed to explore the challenges female healthcare professionals face in the workforce. A scoping review utilizing Arksey and O'Malley's six-step framework was undertaken to identify and map available literature addressing challenges faced by female healthcare professionals in the workforce. The databases searched included Embase, EmCare, Medline, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Business Source Complete (BSC). Additional searches were performed using Google Scholar, Trove and grey literature. The initial search yielded 2455 publications (Medline n=369; EmCare n=276; Embase n=612; CINAHL n=1088; Business Source Complete n=109; mixed grey literature n=1). After removal of duplicates, 1782 citations remained. Abstract and title screening reduced the field to 36 publications, following which full-text reviews were conducted. Consensus was reached on 16 publications for final review. After analyzing the articles, three themes were identified: i) family responsibilities, ii) workplace environment and iii) stereotyping. Findings confirm that female healthcare professionals face circumstances that may affect their family lives, as well as factors relating to the workplace environment and stereotypes. Implementing strategies such as reduced work hours, flexible timing and part-time work can support women in the workplace, which then enhances and supports gender equality in healthcare organizations.