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This study was performed to document the clinical and ultrasonographic differences between cattle and buffaloes with various sequelae of traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP) and the importance of ultrasonography in detection of such sequelae. Twenty nine cows and 33 buffaloes with TRP were investigated. By using ultrasonography and some confirmatory techniques as paracentesis, laparotomy and necropsy, the various sequelae of TRP in both species were clarified. Acute local peritonitis, chronic local peritonitis, acute diffuse peritonitis, reticular abscesses, thoracic abscesses and pericarditis have been detected as sequelae of TRP in both cattle and buffaloes. The clinical findings of all sequelae are described. The results of the present study indicate that the classical symptom of pain and systemic reactions were common in most sequelae of TRP in cattle and less common in buffaloes. No specific findings have been recorded for reticular abscesses in both species. Brisket oedema and distended jugular veins have been shown in both cattle and buffaloes with pericarditis and also in four buffaloes with thoracic abscesses. Hence, it is important to use ultrasonography for early detection of TRP especially in buffaloes and to discriminate between different sequelae which have the same clinical findings.

En Colombia, durante la última década la leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) ha sido el cáncer con mayor incidencia, siendo más del 40% de las muertes por cáncer en menores de edad atribuidas a esta enfermedad. Entre los factores que influyen en estas cifras, el diagnóstico tardío es tal vez el factor más sensible que afecta de manera negativa el éxito del tratamiento. Esta investigación se centró en el estudio del proteoma plasmático de niños colombianos diagnosticados con LLA tipo B, dada su alta incidencia, en comparación con controles en la búsqueda de proteínas que podrían tener potencialidad a ser clasificadas como biomarcadores de diagnóstico. Ahora bien, en vista de los avances en las herramientas proteómicas y de espectrometría de masas y sabiendo que son una alternativa para abordar la complejidad molecular de enfermedades como el cáncer, utilizamos una aproximación proteómica basada en una separación por electroforesis bidimensional diferencial (2DE-DIGE) con posterior separación por cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas en tándem. Se encontraron 8 proteínas con expresión diferencial en plasma de pacientes con LLA-B, entre las cuales resaltan la serotransferrina, la Alfa-1-antitripsina, la haptoglobina, la α2-glicoproteína de zinc y la complemento C3.

Background. In developing countries the duration and severity of diarrheal illnesses are greatest among infants and young children with malnutrition and impaired immune status, both factors that may be associated with zinc deficiency. In children with severe zinc deficiency, diarrhea is common and responds quickly to zinc supplementation. Methods. To evaluate the effects of daily supplementation with 20 mg of elemental zinc on the duration and severity of acute diarrhea, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial involving 937 children, 6 to 35 months of age, in New Delhi, India. All the children also received oral rehydration therapy and vitamin supplements. Results. Among the children who received zinc supplementation, there was a 23 percent reduction (95 percent confidence interval, 12 percent to 32 percent) in the risk of continued diarrhea. Estimates of the likelihood of recovery according to the day of zinc supplementation revealed a reduction of 7 percent (95 percent confidence interval, -9 percent to +22 percent) in the risk of continued diarrhea during days 1 through 3 and a reduction of 38 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 27 percent to 48 percent) after day 3. When zinc supplementation was initiated within three days of the onset of diarrhea, there was a 39 percent reduction (95 percent confidence interval, 7 percent to 61 percent) in the proportion of episodes lasting more than seven days. In the zinc-supplementation group there was a decrease of 39 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 6 percent to 70 percent) in the mean number of watery stools per day (P=0.02) and a decrease of 21 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 10 percent to 31 percent) in the number of days with watery diarrhea. The reductions in the duration and severity of diarrhea were greater in children with stunted growth than in those with normal growth

INTRODUCTION: The correlation between the immunological assay and the antibody titer can offer a tool for the experimental analysis of different phases of the disease. METHODS: Two simple immunological assays for Schistosoma mansoni in mice sera samples based on specific IgG detection for worms soluble antigens and eggs soluble antigens were standardized and evaluated in our laboratory. Fifty mice were used in negative and positive groups and the results obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) assays were compared with the number of worms counted and the IgG titers at different times of infection. RESULTS: Data showed that ELISA using adult worm antigens (ELISA-SWAP) presented a satisfactory correlation between the absorbance value of IgG titers and the individual number of worms counted after perfusion technique (R²=0.62). In addition, ELISA-SWAP differentially detected positive samples with 30 and 60 days post infection (p=0.011 and 0.003, respectively), whereas ELISA using egg antigens (ELISA-SEA) detected samples after 140 days (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that the use of different antigens in immunological methods can be used as potential tools for the analysis of the chronological evolution of S. mansoni infection in murine schistosomiasis. Correlations with human schistosomiasis are discussed. INTRODUÇÃO: A correlação entre o ensaio imunológico e o título de anticorpos serve como ferramenta para a determinação das diferentes fases da doença. MÉTODOS: Dois ensaios imunológicos simples para detecção de IgG específico para antígenos de vermes adultos e ovos do Schistosoma mansoni com amostras de soro murino foram padronizados e avaliados em nosso laboratório. Cinquenta camundongos negativos e positivos foram avaliados e os resultados obtidos por enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) foram comparados com o número de vermes adultos contados em tempos diferentes de infecção. RESULTADOS: Os dados mostraram que a ELISA com antígenos de vermes adultos (ELISA-SWAP) apresentou uma correlação satisfatória entre a absorbância obtida para os títulos de IgG e o número individual de vermes contados por perfusão do sistema porta hepático (R2=0,62). Adicionalmente, a ELISA-SWAP foi capaz de detectar diferencialmente amostras positivas com 30 e 60 dias de infecção (p=0,011 e 0,003, respectivamente), enquanto a ELISA com antígenos de ovos (ELISA-SEA) detectou amostras positivas com 140 dias de infecção (p=0,03). CONCLUSÕES: Estes dados mostram que o uso de antígenos diferentes em métodos imunológicos pode ser usado como ferramentas potenciais para a análise da evolução cronológica da infecção por S. mansoni na esquistossomose murina. Correlações com a esquistossomose humana devem ser discutidas.

The purpose of this study was to determine a nationwide seroprevalence of Fasciola hepatica in native Korean goats (Capra hircus coreanae). A total of 464 blood samples were collected from the three geographical regions (northern, central and southern regions) of the country between November 2009 and August 2011. Sera were separated from whole blood following standard procedures and analysed with an ELISA to detect antibodies against F. hepatica. The positive samples were further classified as mildly, moderately and strongly positive. Out of 464 goat sera samples assessed, five (1.1%) were seropositive. From these, three (0.6%) were mildly positive, two (0.4%) were moderately positive while no samples were observed to be strongly positive. All the five positive animals were adults (younger or 2 years old) rather than young goats (younger than 2 years). There was no significant difference in seropositivity between age and regions. In conclusion, this study determined for the first time the seroprevalence of F. hepatica infection in native Korean goats. The findings also provide an update on the status of F. hepatica infection and can serve as a foundation for future investigations on the significance of this parasite in Korea.

This review article summarizes recent findings in the field of complex interrelationship among nutrition, immune status and parasitic infestation. The acute phase reaction and metabolic consequences of immune response are described. Special chapters deal with the influence of protein, energy, minerals, vitamins and essential fatty acids on the immune system. The role of feed intolerance, allergy, aversion and parasites is detailed.

INTRODUÇÃO: O esôfago e os cólons foram investigados em pacientes na fase aguda da doença de Chagas, entre 1956 e 1989. MÉTODOS: A deglutição e o exame radiológico do esôfago foram explorados em 94 (90,4%) pacientes, sendo excluídas 10 crianças em virtude de tenra idade. O enema opaco foi realizado em 59 (56,7%) pacientes. RESULTADOS: A deglutição foi referida como normal em 86 (91,5%) pacientes, 5 dos quais apresentaram aperistalse do grupo I, enquanto a disfagia incipiente foi referida por 8, dos quais 7 apresentaram exame radiológico normal e apenas um, aperistalse do grupo I. Um segundo exame radiológico, realizado em 4 dos 6 casos, 6 meses após o primeiro, mostrou-se normal em 3 e permaneceu inalterado em um, o único que recebeu tratamento (benzonidazol) e considerado como curado da infecção. O ritmo intestinal resultou normal em 96 (92,3%) pacientes, obstipado em 7 (6,7%) e diarreico em um (1%). O enema evidenciou resultado normal em 54 (91,5%) pacientes, dolicossigmoide em 4 (6,8%) e dolicorretomegassigmoide em um (1,7%), que a eletromanometria demonstrou ser de natureza funcional. CONCLUSÕES: Para explicar a regressão da aperistalse, aventaram os autores duas hipóteses que não se excluem. A primeira,é a de que o processo inflamatório intramural na fase inicial da infecção poderia interferir na motilidade esofagiana, enfraquecendo a onda peristáltica; com a regressão do processo inflamatório, o peristaltismo voltaria ao normal, desde que a desnervação fosse limitada; a segunda hipótese é a de que tenha havido real re-inervação, com recuperação normal da onda peristáltica. INTRODUCTION: The esophagus and colons of patients with acute Chagas disease were studied. METHODS: Deglutition and radiological examination of the esophagus were assessed in 94 (90.4%) patients, 10 children were excluded due to their age. Intestinal transit was assessed in 59 (56.7%) patients. RESULTS: Deglutition was normal in 86 (91.5%) patients, 5 of whom presented aperistalsis (group I). Incipient dysphagia was reported by 8 patients, 7 of whom normal barium swallowing, while only one presented esophageal aperistalsis (group I). A second radiological examination of the esophagus was performed in 4 of the 6 cases with aperistalsis 6 months after the initial test. It was normal in 3, and showed aperistalsis in one case, the only patient who was treated with benznidazole and considered cured of the infection. Intestinal transit was normal in 96 (92.3%) patients, constipated in 7 (6.7%), and diarrheic in one (1%). Barium enema was normal in 54/59 (91.5%), showed a dolichosigmoid in 4 (6.8%) and a dolichorectomegasigmoid in one (1.7%), of functional origin, according to the electromanometric results. CONCLUSIONS: To explain the regression of aperistalsis, 2 non-excluding hypothesis were postulated: the intramural inflammatory process, established during the acute phase, could interfere with esophageal motility by weakening the peristaltic waves; with the remission of the inflammatory reaction, the peristaltic activity of the esophagus would return to normal, as long as no extensive denervation occurred; and/or a definitive reinnervation is responsible for the recuperation of the normal esophageal peristaltic activity.