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Indigenous Motherhood in the Academy highlights the experiences and narratives emerging from Indigenous mothers in the academy who are negotiating their roles in multiple contexts. The essays in this volume contribute to the broader higher education literature and the literature on Indigenous representation in the academy, filling a longtime gap that has excluded Indigenous women scholar voices. This book covers diverse topics such as the journey to motherhood, lessons through motherhood, acknowledging ancestors and grandparents in one's mothering, how historical trauma and violence plague the past, and balancing mothering through the healing process. More specific to Indigenous motherhood in the academy is how culture and place impacts mothering (specifically, if Indigenous mothers are not in their traditional homelands as they raise their children), how academia impacts mothering, how mothering impacts scholarship, and how to negotiate loss and other complexities between motherhood and one's role in the academy.

Entertaining movies addressing both individual values and marriageability can provide a way to change cultural attitudes towards female genital cutting within certain cultures. Attitudes towards female genital cutting As the world starts to feel smaller and globalization pulls those with different cultural attitudes together, navigating the inevitable social and cultural conflicts that result will increase in importance. One such contentious and controversial cultural practice is female genital cutting. Ernst Fehr and colleagues used control and treatment movies to educate societies in which cutting occurs and measured implicit attitudes towards cutting in a randomized experiment. These treatment movies raised awareness and changed attitudes towards cutting in a positive manner as compared to controls, with a modest persistent effect. Highlighting discordant views within a specific society on culturally controversial practices may allow for cultural change. As globalization brings people with incompatible attitudes into contact, cultural conflicts inevitably arise. Little is known about how to mitigate conflict and about how the conflicts that occur can shape the cultural evolution of the groups involved. Female genital cutting is a prominent example 1 , 2 , 3 . Governments and international agencies have promoted the abandonment of cutting for decades, but the practice remains widespread with associated health risks for millions of girls and women 4 , 5 . In their efforts to end cutting, international agents have often adopted the view that cutting is locally pervasive and entrenched 1 . This implies the need to introduce values and expectations from outside the local culture. Members of the target society may view such interventions as unwelcome intrusions 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , and campaigns promoting abandonment have sometimes led to backlash 1 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 11 as they struggle to reconcile cultural tolerance with the conviction that cutting violates universal human rights 1 , 9 . Cutting, however, is not necessarily locally pervasive and entrenched 1 , 3 , 12 . We designed experiments on cultural change that exploited the existence of conflicting attitudes within cutting societies. We produced four entertaining movies that served as experimental treatments in two experiments in Sudan, and we developed an implicit association test to unobtrusively measure attitudes about cutting. The movies depart from the view that cutting is locally pervasive by dramatizing members of an extended family as they confront each other with divergent views about whether the family should continue cutting. The movies significantly improved attitudes towards girls who remain uncut, with one in particular having a relatively persistent effect. These results show that using entertainment to dramatize locally discordant views can provide a basis for applied cultural evolution without accentuating intercultural divisions.

\"Nadezhda Krupskaya and the New View of Radical Society in Russia reassesses the Russian Revolution and Soviet state formation from the perspective of Nadezhda Krupskaya, Lenin's wife. Dr. M.A. Iasilli breathes new life into the revolutionary story and demonstrates the intersectional tendency between gender and national development\"-- Provided by publisher.

Here we show the extent to which the expected world population growth could be lowered by successfully implementing the recently agreed-upon Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs include specific quantitative targets on mortality, reproductive health, and education for all girls by 2030, measures that will directly and indirectly affect future demographic trends. Based on a multidimensional model of population dynamics that stratifies national populations by age, sex, and level of education with educational fertility and mortality differentials, we translate these goals into SDG population scenarios, resulting in population sizes between 8.2 and 8.7 billion in 2100. Because these results lie outside the 95% prediction range given by the 2015 United Nations probabilistic population projections, we complement the study with sensitivity analyses of these projections that suggest that those prediction intervals are too narrow because of uncertainty in baseline data, conservative assumptions on correlations, and the possibility of new policies influencing these trends. Although the analysis presented here rests on several assumptions about the implementation of the SDGs and the persistence of educational, fertility, and mortality differentials, it quantitatively illustrates the view that demography is not destiny and that policies can make a decisive difference. In particular, advances in female education and reproductive health can contribute greatly to reducing world population growth.

ObjectiveThe WHO reports that female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is an ancient cultural practice prevalent in many countries. FGM/C has been reported among women resident in Australia. Our paper provides the first description of FGM/C in Australian children.DesignCross-sectional survey conducted in April–June 2014.SettingPaediatricians and other child health specialists recruited through the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit were asked to report children aged <18 years with FGM/C seen in the last 5 years, and to provide data for demographics, FGM/C type, complications and referral for each case.ParticipantsOf 1311 eligible paediatricians/child health specialists, 1003 (76.5%) responded.ResultsTwenty-three (2.3%) respondents had seen 59 children with FGM/C and provided detailed data for 31. Most (89.7%) were identified during refugee screening and were born in Africa. Three (10.3%) were born in Australia: two had FGM/C in Australia and one in Indonesia. All parents were born overseas, mainly Africa (98.1%). Ten children had WHO FGM/C type I, five type II, five type III and six type IV. Complications in eight children included recurrent genitourinary infections, menstrual, sexual, fertility and psychological problems. Nineteen children (82.6%) were referred to obstetrics/gynaecology: 16 (69.9%) to social work and 13 (56.5%) to child protection.ConclusionsThis study confirms that FGM/C is seen in paediatric clinical practice within Australia. Paediatricians need cultural awareness, education and resources to help them identify children with FGM/C and/or at risk of FGM/C, to enable appropriate referral and counselling of children, families and communities to assist in the prevention of this practice.

In the Habsburg Monarchy, the first admission of women to universities was in 1897 for the faculty of arts and in 1900 for the faculty of medicine. Prague was ready for this, and one might say that Prague directly initiated this breakthrough. Since 1890, the Minerva girls’ gymnasium had existed here, the first of its kind in Central Europe; it systematically prepared girls for university studies. As early as 1895, some of Minerva’s female students attended university lectures as extraordinary students, so the first woman’s doctoral graduation occurred in Prague as early as 1901, when Zdeňka Marie Baborová received a doctorate in biology. What was her subsequent fate? What sources do we have? And what were the fates of some of her successors? This article aims to address these questions. W monarchii habsburskiej po raz pierwszy umożliwiono kobietom wstąpienie na uniwersytety w 1897 r. – na wydział filozoficzny, a w 1900 r. – na wydział lekarski. Praga była na to gotowa i można powiedzieć, że to właśnie Praga bezpośrednio zainicjowała ten przełom. Od 1890 r. istniało tu żeńskie gimnazjum Minerva – pierwsze tego typu w Europie Środkowej – które systematycznie przygotowywało dziewczęta do studiów uniwersyteckich. Już w 1895 r. niektóre uczennice Minervy uczęszczały na wykłady uniwersyteckie jako studentki nadzwyczajne, dlatego pierwsza kobieta uzyskała stopień doktora w Pradze już w roku 1901 – Zdeňka Marie Baborová otrzymała doktorat z biologii. Jaki był jej dalszy los? Jakimi źródłami dysponujemy? I jakie były losy jej niektórych następczyń? Artykuł ten ma na celu odpowiedzenie na te pytania.

Introduction Although there is research on the medical causes and effects of breast cancer, studies on environmental and social factors are quite limited. We aimed to analyze the impact of women's employment and education status, and the role of healthcare expenditures, on breast cancer-related deaths over time. Methods The study used Turkey's breast cancer mortality rate, updated by the World Health Organization between 2009 and 2023, and women's employment and education data from the World Bank Country Reports. Women's healthy life expectancy and healthcare expenditures were used as control variables. The study was designed in a longitudinal mixed model. Spearman’s rho and Generalized Linear Model analysis were used. Results Breast cancer mortality was significantly and positively correlated with female education ( r  = 0.954; p  < 0.01) and life expectancy ( r  = 0.714; p  < 0.01). Correlation between breast cancer mortality with female employment and health expenditure were insignificant ( p  > 0.05). effect of female education on breast cancer mortality was statistically significant (B = 157.661; p  < 0.01). Effects of female employment, female life expectancy and health expenditure on breast cancer mortality were statistically insignificant ( p  > 0.05). There was a strong and positive correlation between female education and breast cancer mortality. Discussion The higher rate of breast cancer deaths among women with higher education levels, and the statistical significance of this relationship, suggests that educated women also have a poorer rate of breast cancer progression, and those factors such as environmental factors and stress may also contribute to this negative outcome. Our results show that focusing on risk factors caused by education is important in reducing breast cancer mortality.

Does access to education facilitate the emergence of a human capital elite from which social activists, and thus, social change can emerge? Assembling a city-level panel of the political, intellectual, and economic elite throughout German history, we find that the opening of schools providing secondary education for women increased their representation among the human capital elite. These elites challenged the status quo and developed critical ideas that resonated in cities with higher human capital, connecting women to form a social movement. We find no evidence of other city-specific indicators of economic and gender-specific cultural change affecting our results. Differential returns to education are also unrelated to the increasing representation of women among the human capital elite, as the opening of gender-specific schools has no impact on the opposite gender.