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Bystander training to control life-threatening hemorrhage is an important intervention to decrease preventable trauma deaths. We asked if receiving a trauma first aid (TFA) kit in addition to Bleeding Control (BC) 1.0 training improves self-reported confidence among community members (CM) and medical professionals (MP). Anonymous pre- and post-course surveys assessed exposure to severe bleeding, BC knowledge, and willingness to intervene with and without TFA kits. Surveys were compared using chi-squared tests. 80 CM and 60 MP underwent BC training. Both groups demonstrated improved confidence in their ability to stop severe bleeding after the class; however, post-class confidence was significantly modified by receiving a TFA kit. After training, CM confidence was 36.1% without versus 57.0% with a TFA kit(p = 0.008) and MP confidence was 53.8% without versus 87.6% with a TFA kit(p = 0.001). Receiving a TFA kit was significantly associated with increased post-training confidence among CM and MP. Stop the Bleed training improves confidence in stopping severe bleeding among both medical professionals and community members. By providing participants with a trauma first aid kit, post-class confidence improves significantly regardless of medical training. [Display omitted] •Bleeding control training improves confidence in stopping severe bleeding.•Having a trauma first aid kit increases confidence in ability to stop bleeding.•Effect of trauma first aid kit access significant for both medical professionals and community members.

Purpose To examine residents’ first-aid kit preparation and its influencing factors. Design Cross-sectional survey. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 449 permanent residents in Sichuan Province using convenience sampling. We examined participants’ demographic characteristics, self-efficacy, health literacy, and personality. Findings Of the participants, 111 (24.7%) stocked a home first-aid kit. The most frequent supplies were disinfection supplies (91.9%), common medicines (86.5%), and dressing supplies (76.6%). Family per capita monthly income, medical expenses payment method, chronic diseases, general self-efficacy, and health literacy were influencing factors of family first-aid kit preparedness. Conclusion A multilevel and interactive emergency literacy education system should be established to improve residents’ abilities to prevent emergencies.

Background Tooth avulsion is a severe dental trauma where the success of replantation critically depends on the viability of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) during extra-alveolar storage. Current commercial storage systems (e.g., Save-A-Tooth®) face limitations including high cost, risk of cell detachment due to liquid turbulence, and poor accessibility, underscoring the need for a more practical and effective solution. Materials and methods An innovative first-aid kit was developed, featuring a solid-state agar matrix for physical tooth stabilization and a novel composite preservation solution (Solution I: Tris, GITC, EDTA, Tween-20, NaCl, NaOH). Its efficacy was compared against an HBSS-based solution (Solution II) and a Tris-based solution (Solution III). Using a rat model, avulsed teeth were stored in these solutions for 0.5, 1, and 12 h. PDLC viability and agglomeration rates were quantitatively assessed using enzymatic digestion and CountStar analysis. The optimal saline rinsing volume was also determined. Results Solution I demonstrated superior performance, maintaining significantly higher PDLC viability at all time points (90.11% at 12 h) compared to Solutions II and III ( p  < 0.05). It also exhibited a significantly lower cell agglomeration rate (6.74% vs. 16.23% in control, p  < 0.05), indicating improved cell dispersion. Furthermore, rinsing with 6 mL of saline was identified as optimal, achieving 99.00% cleaning efficiency. Conclusions The proposed first-aid kit, integrating a solid agar stabilizer and a novel composite solution, effectively preserves PDLC viability and reduces cell clumping in vitro. Its cost-effectiveness (estimated ~ $4–5 USD/unit) and practicality address critical gaps in current avulsion management, making it a highly promising solution for emergency care, particularly in resource-limited settings. Future in vivo studies are warranted to validate its clinical efficacy for tooth replantation.

Medical emergencies frequently occur in commercial airline flights, but valid data on causes and consequences are rare. Therefore, optimal extent of onboard emergency medical equipment remains largely unknown. Whereas a minimum standard is defined in regulations, additional material is not standardized and may vary significantly between airlines. European airlines operating aircrafts with at least 30 seats were selected and interviewed with a 5-page written questionnaire including 81 items. Besides pre-packed and required emergency medical material, drugs, medical devices, and equipment lists were queried. If no reply was received, airlines were contacted up to three times by email and/or phone. Descriptive analysis was used for data interpretation. From a total of 305 European airlines, 253 were excluded from analysis (e.g., no passenger transport). 52 airlines were contacted and data of 22 airlines were available for analysis (one airline was excluded due to insufficient data). A first aid kit is available on all airlines. 82% of airlines (18/22) reported to have a “doctor's kit” (DK) or an “Emergency Medical Kit” (EMK) onboard. 86% of airlines (19/22) provide identical equipment in all aircraft of the fleet, and 65% (14/22) airlines provide an automated external defibrillator. Whereas minimal required material according to European aviation regulations is provided by all airlines for medical emergencies, there are significant differences in availability of the additional material. The equipment of most airlines is not sufficient for treatment of specific emergencies according to published in-flight medical guidelines (e.g., for CPR or acute myocardial infarction).

Background: Nonpneumatic anti-shock garment (NASG) is a first-aid device that can save lives of women experiencing postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Objective: The aim was to explore the feasibility of implementation of NASG intervention at select public health primary care facilities in two high priority districts of Bihar. Methods: Qualitative design was used to document the NASG implementation process. In-depth interviews were conducted with health-care providers in November-December 2015. These healthcare providers were chosen purposively based on their involvement in the use of NASG. The implementation process of NASG, process of training for its use, challenges faced during the rollout of implementation and the recommendations for improving the implementation were explored. Results: Initially, a baseline study was conducted to assess the knowledge and skills of health-care providers regarding diagnosis and management of PPH. Implementation consisted of orientation and training of service providers on the identification of PPH cases and usage of the NASG garment during referrals. The interviews with stakeholders reflected that even after training and appropriate introduction of the practice of using the NASG bag, the initiative did not make a difference in ameliorating the situation of PPH management in the health facilities over 6 months. Conclusion: This study provides lessons for implementation and scaling up of NASG in public health systems, not only in Bihar but also other similar settings. It also calls for robust implementation research studies to generate evidence on the use of NASG at the primary health-care facilities as an intervention in program settings.