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"FLIGHT OPERATIONS"
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Prediction of Arrival Flight Operation Strategies under Convective Weather Based on Trajectory Clustering
An airport’s terminal area is the bottleneck of the air transport system. Convective weather can seriously affect the normal flight status of arrival and departure flights. At present, pilots take different flight operation strategies to avoid convective weather based on onboard radar, visual information, adverse weather experience, etc. This paper studies trajectory clustering based on the OPTICS algorithm to obtain the arrival of typical flight routes in the terminal area. Based on weather information of the planned typical flight route and flight plan information, Random Forest (RF), K-nearest Neighbor KNN (KNN), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithms were used for training and establishing the Arrival Flight Operation Strategy Prediction Model (AFOSPM). In this paper, case studies of historical arrival flights in the Guangzhou (ZGGG) and Wuhan (ZHHH) terminal area were carried out. The results show that trajectory clustering results based on the OPTICS algorithm can more accurately reflect the regular flight routes of arrival flights in a terminal area. Compared to KNN and SVM, the prediction accuracy of AFOSPM based on RF is better, reaching more than 88%. On this basis, six features—including 90% VIL, weather coverage, weather duration, planned route, max VIL, and planned Arrival Gate (AF)—were used as the input features for AFOSPM, which can effectively predict various arrival flight operation strategies. For the most frequently used arrival flight operation strategies under convective weather conditions—radar guidance, AF changing, and diversion strategy—the prediction accuracy of the ZGGG and ZHHH terminal areas can exceed 95%, 85%, and 80%, respectively.
Journal Article
Kangaroo too
\"Set in the same world as Waypoint Kangaroo, Curtis C. Chen's Kangaroo Too is bursting with adrenaline and intrigue in this unique outer space adventure. On the way home from his latest mission, secret agent Kangaroo's spacecraft is wrecked by a rogue mining robot. The agency tracks the bot back to the Moon, where a retired asteroid miner--code named \"Clementine\" --might have information about who's behind the sabotage. Clementine will only deal with Jessica Chu, Kangaroo's personal physician and a former military doctor once deployed in the asteroid belt. Kangaroo accompanies Jessica as a courier, smuggling Clementine's payment of solid gold in the pocket universe that only he can use. What should be a simple infiltration is hindered by the nearly one million tourists celebrating the anniversary of the first Moon landing. And before Kangaroo and Jessica can make contact, Lunar authorities arrest Jessica for the murder of a local worker. Jessica won't explain why she met the victim in secret or erased security footage that could exonerate her. To make things worse, a sudden terror attack puts the whole Moon under lockdown. Now Kangaroo alone has to get Clementine to talk, clear Jessica's name, and stop a crooked scheme which threatens to ruin approximately one million vacations. But old secrets are buried on the Moon, and digging up the past will make Kangaroo's future very complicated.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Experimental Study on UAV-Assisted Pollination in Hybrid Rice
To address challenges in hybrid rice seed production—specifically labor dependence, low uniformity of pollen distribution, and low operational efficiency—which collectively drive up large-scale production costs, technological innovations are critical. However, despite the demonstrated potential of UAV-assisted pollination, the quantitative relationships between its operational parameters (altitude, speed, flight patterns) and pollen dispersal dynamics remain poorly understood, impeding standardization efforts. In this study, guided by agronomic pollination requirements, we developed an integrated analytical framework linking “pollen density-yield” dynamics to elucidate the governing mechanisms of flight parameters on pollination quality. A DJI T50 UAV was used to carry out the assisted pollination test on two varieties of hybrid rice, Changtian You 405 and Wanxiang You 377, to explore the effects of different flight speeds, altitudes, and trajectories of the UAV on pollination quality and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio, taking the yield and its composition as the evaluation indexes. The experimental results showed that the UAV flight operation parameters had a significant effect on the pollination quality, and the best pollination quality was obtained when the flight altitude was 4 m and the speed was 3 m/s, achieving yields of 2.64 and 3.15 t/hm2; the average yields of the UAV-assisted pollination were 2.10 and 2.61 t/hm2, and the filled grain percentages were 15.76% and 34.2%, respectively. These increased the yields by 21.4% and 11.06%, respectively, and the filled grain percentages by 8.69% and 3.95%, compared with artificial pollination. The results also showed that the cost-effectiveness ratio of UAV-assisted pollination was 28.11% lower than that of artificial operation. The results indicate that UAVs have great application prospects in hybrid rice pollination.
Journal Article
Sailors in the sky : memoir of a Navy aircrewman in the Korean War
\"'On previous flight ops, when a launch was delayed, we usually passed the time telling jokes or exchanging the latest scuttlebutt. Tonight was different. Each of us sat silently with our own thoughts. All of us, I'm sure, made impossible promises to God, and I was one of them. My gut was wound so tight, it was hard to breathe, no less talk. For the umpteenth time, I tightened the harness of my chute. I remember praying, 'Whatever else happens, don't make me bail out of this thing!' With little to no recognition from the general public, navy enlisted aircrewmen performed heroically in the Korean War. Manning radios and radar, they were indispensable to the success of missions. Aviation Electronics Technician Second Class Jack Sauter was one such aircrewman. Assigned to the USS Midway and the USS Lake Champlain, he flew twenty-one early warning and antisubmarine missions from the backseat of a Douglas Skyraider with Task Force 77 off Korea in support of our troops. From the excitement and thrill of being catapulted from the deck of an aircraft carrier to the tedium of service at sea, the author describes in detail his service in the Korean air war\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Fixed-Wing UAV Flight Operation under Harsh Weather Conditions: A Case Study in Livingston Island Glaciers, Antarctica
How do the weather conditions typical of the polar maritime glaciers in the western Antarctic Peninsula region affect flight operations of fixed-wing drones and how should these be adapted for a successful flight? We tried to answer this research question through a case study for Johnsons and Hurd glaciers, Livingston Island, using a fixed-wing RPAS, in particular, a Trimble UX5 UAV with electric pusher propeller by brushless 700 W motor, chosen for its ability to fly long distances and reach inaccessible areas. We also evaluated the accuracy of the point clouds and digital surface models (DSM) generated by aerial photogrammetry in our case study. The results were validated against ground control points taken by differential GNSS techniques, showing an accuracy of 0.16 ± 0.12 m in the vertical coordinate. Various hypotheses were proposed and flight-tested, based on variables affecting the flight operation and the data collection, namely, gusty winds, low temperatures, battery life, camera configuration, and snow reflectivity. We aim to provide some practical guidelines that can help other researchers using fixed-wing drones under climatic conditions similar to those of the South Shetland Islands. Performance of the drone under harsh weather conditions, the logistical considerations, and the amount of snow at the time of data collection are factors driving the necessary modifications from those of conventional flight operations. We make suggestions concerning wind speed and temperature limitations, and avoidance of sudden fog banks, aimed to improve the planning of flight operations. Finally, we make some suggestions for further research.
Journal Article
Electric Aircraft Operations: An Interisland Mobility Case Study
This study focuses on the feasibility of electric aircraft operations between the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao. It explores the technical characteristics of two different future electric aircraft types (i.e., Alice and ES-19) and compares their operational requirements with those of three conventional types currently in operation in the region. Flight operations are investigated from the standpoint of battery performance, capacity, and consumption, while their operational viability is verified. In addition, the CO2 emissions of electric operations are calculated based on the present energy mix, revealing moderate improvements. The payload and capacity are also studied, revealing a feasible transition to the new types. The impact of the local climate is discussed for several critical components, while the required legislation for safe operations is explored. Moreover, the maintenance requirements and costs of electric aircraft are explored per component, while charging infrastructure in the hub airport of Aruba is proposed and discussed. Overall, this study offers a thorough overview of the opportunities and challenges that electric aircraft operations can offer within the context of this specific islandic topology.
Journal Article
Defend Against Property Inference Attack for Flight Operations Data Sharing in FedMeta Framework
Flight operations data play a central role in ensuring flight safety, optimizing operations, and driving innovation. However, these data have become a key target for cyber-attacks, and are especially vulnerable to property inference attacks. Aiming at property inference attacks in shared application model training, we proposed FedMeta-CTGAN, a novel approach that leverages federated meta-learning and conditional tabular generative adversarial networks (CTGANs) to protect flight operations data. Motivated by the need for secure data sharing in aviation, as highlighted by the Federal Aviation Administration’s requirement for ADS-B Out equipment on aircraft to create a shared situational awareness environment, our method aims to prevent sensitive information leakage while maintaining model performance. FedMeta-CTGAN exploits the natural privacy-preserving properties of a two-stage update in meta-learning, using real data to train the CTGAN model and synthetic fake data as query data during meta-training. Comprehensive experiments using a real flight operation dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. FedMeta-CTGAN adapts quickly to unbalanced data, achieving a prediction accuracy of 96.33%, while reducing the attacker’s inference AUC score to 0.51 under property inference attacks. Our contribution lies in the development of a secure and efficient data-sharing solution for flight operations data, which has the potential to revolutionize the aviation industry.
Journal Article
Overview of the Flight Dynamics Subsystem for Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter Mission
Korea’s first lunar mission, the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO), aims to launch in mid-2022 via the Space-X Falcon-9 launch vehicle. For the successful flight operation of KPLO, the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) has designed and developed the Flight Dynamics Subsystem (FDS). FDS is one of the subsystems in the KPLO Deep-Space Ground System (KDGS), which is responsible for the overall flight dynamics-related operation. FDS is currently successfully implemented and meets all of the requirements derived from the critical design phases. The current work addresses the design and implementation results for the KPLO FDS. Starting from overviews on KPLO payloads, bus systems, and mission trajectory characteristics, a review on KDGS is also treated briefly. Details on the design philosophy, unique characteristics, and functionalities of all six different modules nested inside the FDS with its Graphical User Interface (GUI) design are discussed. Moreover, efforts currently devoted to the flight operation preparation of the KPLO are summarized, including many collaborative works between KARI and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) teams.
Journal Article
Quantifying the Resilience Performance of Airport Flight Operation to Severe Weather
The increased number of severe weather events caused by global warming in recent years is a major turbulence factor for airport operation and results in more irregular flights. Quantifying the system response status towards turbulence is critical, in order for airports to deal with severe weather. For this reason, we propose a resilience framework that is in compliance with resilience theory to evaluate airport flight operations. In this framework, the departure rate (DPR), normal weather baseline (NWB), and nonnegative general resilience (NGR) were defined and used. Meanwhile, the whole process is divided into five phases before and after disturbance, and the system capacities of susceptibility, absorption, adaptation, and recovery are assessed. In order to clarify the performance of the framework towards various severe weather conditions, an analysis was conducted at Beijing Capital Airport in China based on a dataset that includes both the meteorological terminal aviation weather report (METAR) and flight operations from January to July 2021. The results show that the newly proposed resilience framework can commendably reflect airport flight operation performance. The airport flight operation resilience characteristic is different with severe weather. Compared to sandstorms and snow, airport flight operation with stronger robustness was observed during thunderstorm events. The study also confirms that, as the weather warning level increases, the disruption time increases and response time decreases accordingly. The above results could assist researchers and policy makers in clearly understanding the real-world resilience of airport flight operation, in both theory and practice, and responding to emergent disruptive events effectively.
Journal Article