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This paper emphasizes the economic importance of the civil society sector in the national socio-economic context. There is a systematic neglect of the economic and financial components of civil society organizations and non-profit sector in Croatia even though a significant volume of civil society organizations’ activities is funded from public sources and there is a high possibility of exploitation of their relatively privileged tax position. The purpose of this paper is to present research results of the funding sources, the financial potential and the elements of economic performance of citizens’ associations in the Republic of Croatia. The survey sample includes over 20,000 citizens’ associations which have submitted financial reports to the Registry of Non-profit Organizations in accordance with the statutory obligation. The research is based on aggregated data reported in the Balance Sheet and Performance Report for 2015 and 2016. The scientific contribution of the paper is reflected in the assessment of the financial performance and financial transparency of the activities of civil society organizations in the Republic of Croatia and their sustainability in comparison with Serbia and Slovenia.  

The ability to address conservation challenges hinges, in part, on a robust understanding of complex social-ecological systems. Conservation funding is a critical component that can impede or facilitate our ability to understand issues and overcome conservation challenges. Conservation funding is dynamic and is often dependent on organizations sustained by individual contributions (e.g., memberships, donations). A shift in funding sources, away from federal government support, could lead to greater uncertainty and instability in conservation funding. Herein, we use an individual-based conservation organization database to demonstrate how to assess funding resiliency by identifying subpopulation typologies (subgroups of individuals) that reflect similar patterns in conservation contributions. We identified three typologies that provide North Dakota Game and Fish Department support for managing and protecting natural resources. Most (~68%) individuals (typology I) infrequently contributed to recreational fishing conservation; few (~9%) individuals (typology III) provided frequent contributions to recreational fishing conservation over the 11-year study period. While conservation funding has been relatively consistent for North Dakota Game and Fish Department, it may be subject to rapid change. Identifying the number of conservation typologies (e.g., diversity) and associated characteristics (e.g., frequency and amount of funding contributions, socio-demographic characteristics) could provide conservation-oriented organizations the ability to quantify, track, and predict underlying contribution trends that are masked by overall (i.e., population-level) funding patterns. Ultimately, identifying subpopulations and associated contribution patterns could aid in avoiding potential losses in conservation funding.

Despite its high prevalence among dementias, Lewy body dementia (LBD) remains poorly understood with a limited, albeit growing, evidence base. The public‐health burden that LBD imposes is worsened by overlapping pathologies, which contribute to misdiagnosis, and lack of treatments. For this report, we gathered and analyzed public‐domain information on advocacy, funding, research outputs, and the therapeutic pipeline to identify gaps in each of these key elements. To further understand the current gaps, we also conducted interviews with leading experts in regulatory/governmental agencies, LBD advocacy, academic research, and biopharmaceutical research, as well as with funding sources. We identified wide gaps across the entire landscape, the most critical being in research. Many of the experts participated in a workshop to discuss the prioritization of research areas with a view to accelerating therapeutic development and improving patient care. This white paper outlines the opportunities for bridging the major LBD gaps and creates the framework for collaboration in that endeavor. Highlights A group representing academia, government, industry, and consulting expertise was convened to discuss current progress in Dementia with Lewy Body care and research. Consideration of expert opinion,natural language processing of the literature as well as publicly available data bases, and Delphi inspired discussion led to a proposed consensus document of priorities for the field.

To deal with the three universal urban water problems – namely storm floods, water pollution and water shortage – China has implemented a comprehensive solution: the Sponge City Construction Project. Sponge cities aim to reduce runoff and pollution, and also to restore downstream ecologies. They combine low impact development methods with grey infrastructures, large-scale flood control projects and rehabilitation. This paper describes Chinese experiences of construction and financing for implementation of sponge cities, which could provide references to other countries for building sustainable, climate-resilient cities and urban water management systems. It illustrates the objectives and methods of the sponge city design and demonstrates the differences in configuration and funding structures in cities of different climates and economic conditions. The total construction area involved in the pilot cities covers 449 km2. The configurations are distinct due to different economic conditions, climates and land forms: a humid district inclines to drainage-efficient approaches and pollution control devices, while a semi-humid district prefers green infrastructures and rainwater reuse facilities. The Chinese government plays an important role in the funding of sponge cities: Chinese central government provided CNY (¥)20.7 billion for the construction of 16 cities during 2015–2017, while the rest came from local governments and non-governmental investors.

This paper examines the impact of internal and external resources on the adoption of eco-efficiency actions by European firms. The empirical analysis is based on an ordered logit model on data from the fifth wave of the Flash Eurobarometer survey (2021) for a sample of 9158 firms. We obtain three main results. First, we show that internal and external financial resources are positively correlated with firm eco-innovations, but the association with the former is stronger. Second, we observe a high degree of complementarity between public and private funds. Finally, besides financial resources, both in-house technical expertise and external non-financial assistance seem to play an important role for the implementation of eco-efficiency actions at the firm level. These findings have some relevant policy implications. European policy-makers should increase opportunities for public co-financing, while providing support to firms for developing the necessary competencies to enable green investments.

This book presents the results of the study 'New Approaches for Improving the Development Outcomes of the Extractive Industry in Peru: Improving Impacts on Women in Poverty and Their Families.' In recent years, large amounts of 'development assistance' in the form of infrastructure and social programs have been made available to communities across Peru as a result of the presence of extractive industry (EI) companies. These funds have come through corporate-managed social programs; royalties; the tax on EI profits, which is redistributed through the various canons; trust funds; and the voluntary contribution, which was recently introduced. With increasing extractive industry presence, and a decreasing supply of international cooperation aid to Peru, 2 as of 2006, funds from the mining canon alone outstripped international cooperation aid to Peru. While recent commodities fluctuations have reduced company profits, and therefore taxes, canon, and voluntary contributions by companies, these payments are still very significant and are greater than international cooperation aid. Although it is hard in the current international economic climate to make clear projections, funding resources originating from mining in Peru will continue to be key to the development of the poorer communities surrounding the mining operations. One important way in which EI companies and local governments responsible for administering the oil, gas, and mining canons could significantly improve their development outcomes would be to make sure that their development assistance approaches have a stronger influence on women-particularly women from poorer families, who are the least likely to be able to take advantage of the employment opportunities and other benefits offered by the company's presence.

Indonesia suffers significant economic losses from floods, and state budget allocations are often inadequate. Flood bonds provide an alternative funding source, but the pricing framework is complex due to simultaneous flood and financial risk considerations. Therefore, this study aims to model flood bond prices as an alternative flood funding in Indonesia. The model is formulated using the risk-neutral-pricing measure with the stochastic assumption of the force of interest. The claim trigger is represented as maximum rainfall, which is modeled as a continuous-stochastic process with a discrete-time index. Given the varying patterns of rainy and dry seasons, we assume both durations are dynamic. Then, we provide the approximate model solution for the government to estimate bond prices quickly. This estimation shows that the bond’s trigger point is proportional to the bond prices. Additionally, bond prices are proportional to the dry season duration and inversely proportional to the rainy season duration. We also show that using a stochastic force of interest yields significant differences from a constant one except for the constant as data average. This study can help the Indonesian government price flood bonds and provide more tools for related meteorological and climatological institutions to calculate the probability of future maximum rainfall.

The research proposes to recognize the impact of legal and administrative regulation revision on the diversity of funding sources and its reflection on improving the activities of Iraqi clubs and their continuity from the point of view of some academics and club officials. To reach the goal, a field study was conducted at the level of sports clubs in Thi Qar Governorate / Iraq, where the descriptive approach was used in the theoretical aspect and the case study in the applied aspect, and the questionnaire with the five-point Likert scale was adopted as a tool for collecting data, by sending the questionnaire electronically to the research community consisting of 37 people between academics and club officials, where the answers were retrieved from a sample consisting of thirty-four (34) of them, and the questionnaire was examined by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The results revealed that sports clubs in Thi Qar Governorate suffer from many problems in the financial aspect due to the lack of available financial funding sources, as they depend on traditional sources of funding such as state subsidies, as government funding for clubs is available, but it is not sufficient. Moreover, the results also revealed that there is a positive impact of the diversity of funding sources on improving the activities of sports clubs and their continuity.

The article is aimed at forming an analytical basis for making decisions on determining the optimal role played by participants in financing partnership projects for the economic development of a state. The paper outlines the importance of distributing financial support efficiently in order to address problems related to the lack of funding and low efficiency of socially important projects implemented on a partnership basis. Statistical data testifying to the development of projects implemented in Ukraine on a partnership basis are considered. The most common forms of partnership agreements and financial support mechanisms used in partnership projects in Ukraine are also identified. The regions of Ukraine that are leaders and outsiders as for the number of partnership agreements concluded and / or implemented on their territory are identified. The effectiveness of various financial participation forms used by various parties to partnership projects is analyzed. To fulfill the task, the participation of potential investors is generalized by three sources of funding: state budget funds, local budget funds and other sources that include all extrabudgetary financial resources (own resources of program participants, businesses and individuals related to project implementation results, international organizations, as well as sponsorship and charitable funds, borrowed funds, etc.). Regression models have been constructed to determine the impact of the funding sources involved on the successful implementation of partnership projects in different areas (programs in economic, social and environmental areas are considered separately). Based on the modelling results, the elasticity coefficient has been calculated, which shows the extent to which the attraction of an individual funding source influences the success of the program. Conclusions are made on the extent to which the increase (or decrease) of the share of funding from a single source affects the success of the program in a certain area.

This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the knowledge of and access to funding sources in the context of sustainability. Additionally, it seeks to analyse the perspectives and intentions of entrepreneurs regarding the use of such sources in the future. For this purpose, quantitative research was conducted, and data were collected from a sample of 267 respondents, companies operating in the Central Region of Romania. The evidence indicates that reinvestment of profits is the most commonly used funding source, followed by bank loans and leasing. The least-used and least-known funding source are Business Angels. Among the conclusions of the study, the demonstration of the link between the level of use of the funding sources, which moderates the close relationship between sustainability and the financial performance of a company, is noteworthy. Ultimately, this research opens new ways for collaboration between the academic environment, government, and local authorities. The results can be beneficial for stakeholders at both the micro- and macroeconomic levels interested in the sustainable development of the SME sector.