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This paper emphasizes the economic importance of the civil society sector in the national socio-economic context. There is a systematic neglect of the economic and financial components of civil society organizations and non-profit sector in Croatia even though a significant volume of civil society organizations’ activities is funded from public sources and there is a high possibility of exploitation of their relatively privileged tax position. The purpose of this paper is to present research results of the funding sources, the financial potential and the elements of economic performance of citizens’ associations in the Republic of Croatia. The survey sample includes over 20,000 citizens’ associations which have submitted financial reports to the Registry of Non-profit Organizations in accordance with the statutory obligation. The research is based on aggregated data reported in the Balance Sheet and Performance Report for 2015 and 2016. The scientific contribution of the paper is reflected in the assessment of the financial performance and financial transparency of the activities of civil society organizations in the Republic of Croatia and their sustainability in comparison with Serbia and Slovenia.  

The ability to address conservation challenges hinges, in part, on a robust understanding of complex social-ecological systems. Conservation funding is a critical component that can impede or facilitate our ability to understand issues and overcome conservation challenges. Conservation funding is dynamic and is often dependent on organizations sustained by individual contributions (e.g., memberships, donations). A shift in funding sources, away from federal government support, could lead to greater uncertainty and instability in conservation funding. Herein, we use an individual-based conservation organization database to demonstrate how to assess funding resiliency by identifying subpopulation typologies (subgroups of individuals) that reflect similar patterns in conservation contributions. We identified three typologies that provide North Dakota Game and Fish Department support for managing and protecting natural resources. Most (~68%) individuals (typology I) infrequently contributed to recreational fishing conservation; few (~9%) individuals (typology III) provided frequent contributions to recreational fishing conservation over the 11-year study period. While conservation funding has been relatively consistent for North Dakota Game and Fish Department, it may be subject to rapid change. Identifying the number of conservation typologies (e.g., diversity) and associated characteristics (e.g., frequency and amount of funding contributions, socio-demographic characteristics) could provide conservation-oriented organizations the ability to quantify, track, and predict underlying contribution trends that are masked by overall (i.e., population-level) funding patterns. Ultimately, identifying subpopulations and associated contribution patterns could aid in avoiding potential losses in conservation funding.

Despite its high prevalence among dementias, Lewy body dementia (LBD) remains poorly understood with a limited, albeit growing, evidence base. The public‐health burden that LBD imposes is worsened by overlapping pathologies, which contribute to misdiagnosis, and lack of treatments. For this report, we gathered and analyzed public‐domain information on advocacy, funding, research outputs, and the therapeutic pipeline to identify gaps in each of these key elements. To further understand the current gaps, we also conducted interviews with leading experts in regulatory/governmental agencies, LBD advocacy, academic research, and biopharmaceutical research, as well as with funding sources. We identified wide gaps across the entire landscape, the most critical being in research. Many of the experts participated in a workshop to discuss the prioritization of research areas with a view to accelerating therapeutic development and improving patient care. This white paper outlines the opportunities for bridging the major LBD gaps and creates the framework for collaboration in that endeavor. Highlights A group representing academia, government, industry, and consulting expertise was convened to discuss current progress in Dementia with Lewy Body care and research. Consideration of expert opinion,natural language processing of the literature as well as publicly available data bases, and Delphi inspired discussion led to a proposed consensus document of priorities for the field.

This paper examines the impact of internal and external resources on the adoption of eco-efficiency actions by European firms. The empirical analysis is based on an ordered logit model on data from the fifth wave of the Flash Eurobarometer survey (2021) for a sample of 9158 firms. We obtain three main results. First, we show that internal and external financial resources are positively correlated with firm eco-innovations, but the association with the former is stronger. Second, we observe a high degree of complementarity between public and private funds. Finally, besides financial resources, both in-house technical expertise and external non-financial assistance seem to play an important role for the implementation of eco-efficiency actions at the firm level. These findings have some relevant policy implications. European policy-makers should increase opportunities for public co-financing, while providing support to firms for developing the necessary competencies to enable green investments.

The research proposes to recognize the impact of legal and administrative regulation revision on the diversity of funding sources and its reflection on improving the activities of Iraqi clubs and their continuity from the point of view of some academics and club officials. To reach the goal, a field study was conducted at the level of sports clubs in Thi Qar Governorate / Iraq, where the descriptive approach was used in the theoretical aspect and the case study in the applied aspect, and the questionnaire with the five-point Likert scale was adopted as a tool for collecting data, by sending the questionnaire electronically to the research community consisting of 37 people between academics and club officials, where the answers were retrieved from a sample consisting of thirty-four (34) of them, and the questionnaire was examined by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The results revealed that sports clubs in Thi Qar Governorate suffer from many problems in the financial aspect due to the lack of available financial funding sources, as they depend on traditional sources of funding such as state subsidies, as government funding for clubs is available, but it is not sufficient. Moreover, the results also revealed that there is a positive impact of the diversity of funding sources on improving the activities of sports clubs and their continuity.

The article is aimed at forming an analytical basis for making decisions on determining the optimal role played by participants in financing partnership projects for the economic development of a state. The paper outlines the importance of distributing financial support efficiently in order to address problems related to the lack of funding and low efficiency of socially important projects implemented on a partnership basis. Statistical data testifying to the development of projects implemented in Ukraine on a partnership basis are considered. The most common forms of partnership agreements and financial support mechanisms used in partnership projects in Ukraine are also identified. The regions of Ukraine that are leaders and outsiders as for the number of partnership agreements concluded and / or implemented on their territory are identified. The effectiveness of various financial participation forms used by various parties to partnership projects is analyzed. To fulfill the task, the participation of potential investors is generalized by three sources of funding: state budget funds, local budget funds and other sources that include all extrabudgetary financial resources (own resources of program participants, businesses and individuals related to project implementation results, international organizations, as well as sponsorship and charitable funds, borrowed funds, etc.). Regression models have been constructed to determine the impact of the funding sources involved on the successful implementation of partnership projects in different areas (programs in economic, social and environmental areas are considered separately). Based on the modelling results, the elasticity coefficient has been calculated, which shows the extent to which the attraction of an individual funding source influences the success of the program. Conclusions are made on the extent to which the increase (or decrease) of the share of funding from a single source affects the success of the program in a certain area.

This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the knowledge of and access to funding sources in the context of sustainability. Additionally, it seeks to analyse the perspectives and intentions of entrepreneurs regarding the use of such sources in the future. For this purpose, quantitative research was conducted, and data were collected from a sample of 267 respondents, companies operating in the Central Region of Romania. The evidence indicates that reinvestment of profits is the most commonly used funding source, followed by bank loans and leasing. The least-used and least-known funding source are Business Angels. Among the conclusions of the study, the demonstration of the link between the level of use of the funding sources, which moderates the close relationship between sustainability and the financial performance of a company, is noteworthy. Ultimately, this research opens new ways for collaboration between the academic environment, government, and local authorities. The results can be beneficial for stakeholders at both the micro- and macroeconomic levels interested in the sustainable development of the SME sector.

This study explores how different funding sources influence the financial efficiency of microfinance institutions (MFIs) and examines whether board gender diversity (BGD) moderates these relationships. Using a panel dataset of 661 MFIs across 86 countries, efficiency scores are calculated through Data Envelopment Analysis, followed by regression analysis to test direct and interaction effects. The findings show that retained earnings and commercial borrowings significantly improve MFIs efficiency, while donations have a weaker association. The interaction analysis reveals that BGD positively strengthens the link between commercial borrowings and efficiency, although not all moderating effects are statistically significant. This study contributes to the literature by integrating governance perspectives with funding strategies, offering new insights into how gender-diverse boards can strengthen the link between external funding and efficiency. The findings provide practical implications for donors, investors, and policymakers aiming to improve MFIs performance through inclusive governance.

Among the most important factors that favor the development of a sustainable business environment are the sources of financing and the skills developed by the higher education system, according to recent studies. To align with these, several universities have started providing entrepreneurship knowledge. Are these sufficiently well-known by the students in Romania? The current paper aims to carry out an in-depth analysis of concepts. The primary objective of this study is to explore the most relevant sources of entrepreneurial financing in the context of a sustainable entrepreneurial higher education. For such an endeavor, quantitative research was conducted, being designed and distributed through a questionnaire. Data were collected from a sample of 285 students of Transilvania University in Brasov interested in entrepreneurship. Results indicate that the main sources of entrepreneurial financing are retained earnings/profit, personal sources, supplier credits, European funds, loans (bank credits), leasing, and business angels. Evidence shows that most respondents assert great confidence in European funds. Notably, the entrepreneurial qualities of the founder are one of the enablers of a successful and sustainable business. Additionally, this research opens new ways of collaboration between the academic and the business environment to better train future professionals in the economic field.

Background Health policy and systems research (HPSR) can strengthen health systems and improve population health outcomes. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), there is limited recognition of the importance of HPSR and funding remains the main challenge. This study seeks to: (1) assess the reporting of funding in HPSR papers published between 2010 and 2022 in the EMR, (2) examine the source of funding in the published HPSR papers in the EMR and (3) explore variables influencing funding sources, including any difference in funding sources for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related articles. Methods We conducted a rapid scoping review of HPSR papers published between 2010 and 2022 (inclusively) in the EMR, addressing the following areas: reporting of funding in HPSR papers, source of funding in the published HPSR papers, authors’ affiliations and country of focus. We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines for conducting scoping reviews. We also conducted univariate and bivariate analyses for all variables at 0.05 significance level. Results Of 10,797 articles screened, 3408 were included (of which 9.3% were COVID-19-related). More than half of the included articles originated from three EMR countries: Iran ( n  = 1018, 29.9%), the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( n  = 595, 17.5%) and Pakistan ( n  = 360, 10.6%). Approximately 30% of the included articles did not report any details on study funding. Among articles that reported funding ( n  = 1346, 39.5%), analysis of funding sources across all country income groups revealed that the most prominent source was national (55.4%), followed by international (41.7%) and lastly regional sources (3%). Among the national funding sources, universities accounted for 76.8%, while governments accounted for 14.9%. Further analysis of funding sources by country income group showed that, in low-income and lower-middle-income countries, all or the majority of funding came from international sources, while in high-income and upper-middle-income countries, national funding sources, mainly universities, were the primary sources of funding. The majority of funded articles’ first authors were affiliated with academia/university, while a minority were affiliated with government, healthcare organizations or intergovernmental organizations. We identified the following characteristics to be significantly associated with the funding source: country income level, the focus of HPSR articles (within the EMR only, or extending beyond the EMR as part of international research consortia), and the first author’s affiliation. Similar funding patterns were observed for COVID-19-related HPSR articles, with national funding sources (78.95%), mainly universities, comprising the main source of funding. In contrast, international funding sources decreased to 15.8%. Conclusion This is the first study to address the reporting of funding and funding sources in published HPSR articles in the EMR. Approximately 30% of HPSR articles did not report on the funding source. Study findings revealed heavy reliance on universities and international funding sources with minimal role of national governments and regional entities in funding HPSR articles in the EMR. We provide implications for policy and practice to enhance the profile of HPSR in the region.