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Ionizing Radiation Technologies
Ionizing Radiation Technologies
An authoritative overview of major advances in the application of ionizing radiation technologies to industrial, agricultural, and municipal waste products
In Ionizing Radiation Technologies: Managing and Extracting Value from Wastes, a team of expert researchers delivers a broad overview of the value trapped in waste streams and how a strategic application of ionizing radiation technologies can be valuable from both an environmental and an economic perspective. A valuable addition to the discussions around sustainability and green technologies, the book introduces ionizing radiation technologies, including gamma (cobalt-60) irradiation and high and low energy electron beam technologies.
The contributions included explore the major advances taking place in the application of ionizing radiation technologies to derive high value end-products from agricultural, municipal, and industrial wastes. Each chapter reviews original research and data and considers likely future directions in research and development. The book also includes:
* A thorough introduction to the application of ionizing radiation technologies to agricultural waste, including the production of activated carbon
* Comprehensive explorations of the application of ionizing radiation technologies to municipal waste, including municipal solid wastes and recycling wastewater
* Practical discussions of the application of ionizing radiation technologies to industrial waste, including textile wastewater management and polymer recycling
* In-depth examinations of the economics of waste valorization, including several case studies of businesses involved in waste valorization
Perfect for consulting engineers and industry professionals involved in waste management and mitigation, Ionizing Radiation Technologies will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals at government agencies, international food organizations, and NGOs focused on waste management, environment sustainability, and urban planning.
eBook
Selenium quantification in wastewaters from selected coal-fired power plants and river waters in South Africa using ICP-MS
South Africa mainly relies on Eskom's coal-fired power plants for electricity generation. However, the use of coal causes several adverse environmental impacts, including the release of selenium into the hydrosphere. Selenium is an essential nutrient for humans, animals, and microbes, but excess selenium is toxic. This paper describes the determination of total dissolved selenium in wastewater from selected coal-fired power plants and river waters near coal-fired power plants in South Africa. A sensitive and robust inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method for determining total dissolved selenium in wastewater and river water was developed using a certified reference material (NIST SRM 1640a Trace Elements in Natural Water). The results agreed with the certified values, with percentage recoveries ranging from 92-96%. The method detection limit was 0.13 µg/L. Total Se concentrations in wastewater samples from Kriel and Lethabo Power Stations ranged between 4.86 and 8.53 µg/L, and in river water samples from the Olifants and Wilge Rivers, the concentrations ranged from 2.63-8.20 µg/L. These results indicate that the Se levels in the wastewater are too low to pose a health hazard to humans and livestock but pose an environmental threat to aquatic life. The low concentrations in the river samples also show that there may be slight Se pollution (regarding aquatic life) from the selected coal-fired power plants in South Africa. There may be slight Se pollution (with regards to aquatic life) from Duvha and Kendal Power Stations because an increase from 2-8 µg/L was observed in river water samples collected near these selected coal-fired power plants.
Journal Article
Valorisation of acid mine drainage through effective recovery of selected rare earth elements using cationic resins
Acid mine drainage (AMD) presents a challenge to the environment if not well managed, but it also presents an opportunity for the recovery of economically valuable products, including rare earth elements (REEs), which are critical for the development of advanced, and green technologies. REE concentrations in AMD samples from coal and gold mines were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and their sorption by different cationic resins (CHT4083, CHP4502 and CHP00712) was evaluated. Optimum conditions for the sorption of the REEs by these resins were determined through batch experiments and desorption of the REEs from the resins using different concentrations of sulphuric acid ([H.sub.2]S[O.sub.4]) solutions. Coal mine drainage (CMD), with a low pH of 2.37, had higher amounts of REEs (IREE 226.3732 mg/L) than AMD from the gold mines (IREE 4.9705 mg/L), with a pH of 3.21. A REE sorption efficiency of up to 98% was obtained with CHP4502 and CHP00712 resins and further optimisation of CHP00712 revealed that a resin volume of 250 mL and a contact time of 10 min were required to successfully remove REEs from 500 mL AMD. The sorption capacities of the resin for the selected REEs were 3.88 mg/g, 0.88 mg/g, 1.37 mg/g, 3.18 mg/g, 0.67 mg/g, 0.01 mg/g and 0.27mg/g for Pr, Gd, Nd, Ce, Sm, Eu and Y, respectively. Elution of the resin with a 0.5 N solution of sulphuric acid desorbed the REEs. AMD from coal mines could be an alternate source of REEs and cationic resins can be used to recover these REEs from the CMD. Further investigations, including impregnation of resin to improve its sorption capacity, and temperature effects on the sorption process, are recommended. KEYWORDS coal mine cationic resins rare earth elements acid mine drainage
Journal Article
Smart water technologies and techniques : data capture and analysis for sustainable water management
An Insightful Examination of Smart Water Systems and Technology
Inland water supplies are under increasing pressure. Climate, social, and demographic change have begun tipping the balance toward demand management, as supplies begins to dwindle. Water and wastewater infrastructure will play a central role in the management of this increasingly valuable resource, and Smart Water Technologies and Techniques: Data Capture and Analysis for Sustainable Water Management provides insight on a key part of the solution.
Smart water applications optimise the way water and wastewater services are used, allowing more efficient allocation of limited resources while adding flexibility to the system. Automation, real-time data capture, and rapid interpretation allow utilities and users to monitor, manage, and act on the part of the water cycle that matters to them, minimizing costs of providing service through optimal use of extant assets.
This book brings together the core principles, key developments, and current state-of-the-art into a single resource that:
* Considers smart water within operational, economic, policy, and regulatory contexts
* Provides a comprehensive overview of the smart water concept and the latest advances in the field
* Examines key considerations and objections raised to date
* Discusses the potential value of smart water, from perception to policy
* Shows how smart water systems can optimize efficiency and flexibility of water and wastewater management
* Explores future directions for smart water development in the pursuit of balanced supply and demand
Although primarily designed for water supply and sanitation, smart water systems may be applied to irrigation, reservoir and dam management, inland water flows, and more, making it a valuable asset as water scarcity begins to spread around the globe. This book answers the questions, assuages concerns, and explains the technology that could revolutionize the way water is accessed and supplied.
eBook
Solid waste technology & management
The collection, transportation and subsequent processing of waste materials is a vast field of study which incorporates technical, social, legal, economic, environmental and regulatory issues.Common waste management practices include landfilling, biological treatment, incineration, and recycling - all boasting advantages and disadvantages.
eBook
Membrane Biological Reactors - Theory, Modeling, Design, Management and Applications to Wastewater Reuse
This book comprehensively covers the salient features and emerging issues associated with the MBR technology. The book provides thorough coverage starting from biological aspects and fundamentals of membranes, via modeling and design concepts, to practitioners perspective and good application examples. This book focuses on all the relevant emerging issues raised by including the latest research from renowned experts in the field. It is a valuable reference to the academic and professional community and suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology.
eBook
Peer Review in the Department of Energy-Office of Science and Technology
The Office of Science and Technology (OST) of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Environmental Management (EM) recently has instituted a peer review program that uses the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), with administrative and technical support provided by the Institute for Regulatory Science (RSI), to conduct peer reviews of technologies (or groups of technologies) at various stages of development.
OST asked the NRC to convene an expert committee to evaluate the effectiveness of its new peer review program and to make specific recommendations to improve the program, if appropriate. This is the first of two reports to be prepared by this committee on OST's new peer review program. OST requested this interim report to provide a preliminary assessment of OST's new peer review program. In the final report, the committee will provide a more detailed assessment of OST's peer review program after its first complete annual cycle.
eBook
Steroid Stocks: Steroidstocks.com says:(NASDAQ:PBIO)-(NASDAQ:COIN) -(NASDAQ:ICLK) are on Steroids
SOUTH EASTON, Mass., Apr 28, 2010--Pressure BioSciences, Inc. (Nasdaq:PBIO) (\"PBI\" or the \"Company\") today announced that it has received $1,229,650 from the exercise of 98,372 15-Month Preferred Stock Purchase Warrants (the \"15-Month Warrants\"). The exercises represent 100% of all outstanding and unexercised 15-Month Warrants that could be exercised after the March 30, 2010 Warrant call, and that were not held by affiliates of the Company (as defined in the 15-Month Warrants). R. Wayne Fritzsche, Chairman of the Board of PBI, said: \"Fifteen months ago, during devastating economic times, 35 individuals (the \"Series A Investors\") demonstrated their strong faith and confidence in Pressure BioSciences and invested at a very tenuous time in our Company's history. Through diligent, smart, and focused efforts, our staff responded with significant achievements in revenue growth, instrument installations, operating loss decreases, and the continuing acceptance of our powerful proprietary platform (pressure cycling technology, or \"PCT\") by major research laboratories in the US.\" \"There has been great advancement over the past 18 months in bringing rich targeting data to market. But access is only the first step,\" said Michael Katz, president, interCLICK. \"The next step is deciding which data to use. Applying traditional, offline segmentation directly to online targeting generally doesn't work. OSM applies the most valuable data relative to specific campaign objectives, which means smarter spending for our agency and advertiser partners.\"
Newsletter
Star Tribune, Minneapolis, Neal St. Anthony column
\"Paul and the management team have successfully led the organization through the economic challenges of the last several years, have managed the smooth merger of two credit unions ... and expanded our service area to include anyone living or working in the Twin Cities area,\" Wings Chairman Michael Cooper said.
Newsletter