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"Family Influence"
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Favouring Middle-and Upper-Class Students? The Structure and Process of Attending China’s Selective Universities
Research suggests the increasing influence of family socioeconomic status, as measured by parents’ income and occupations, in access to Chinese higher education. Yet, the literature remains inconclusive about the extent to which the social background of rural and urban students is associated with academic and social performance at elite universities. We address this limitation by looking at the academic and social success of representative samples of first and secondyear students enrolled at four Chinese elite universities. Our aim is to understand the characteristics that students from both urban and rural environments bring with them and how those characteristics bear on academic and social performance in university. We found an overrepresentation of students from middle and upperclass backgrounds in both urban and rural student groups. The fact that the process indicator of cultural capital has a direct association with social success suggests students from urban areas exhibit traits valued in the selective university environment.
Journal Article
The law of kinship : anthropology, psychoanalysis, and the family in France
\"Examines how French policy makers have called upon structuralist anthropology and psychoanalysis (specifically, the works of Claude Lâevi-Strauss and Jacques Lacan) to reassert the centrality of sexual difference as the foundation for all social and psychic organization\"--Author's Web site.
BOOK
Analyzing Gender Differences in the Relationship between Family Influences and Adolescent Offending among Boys and Girls
The aim of this paper is to examine gender differences in several dimensions of family-related variables in the explanation of adolescent offending. Analyses are conducted to examine: 1) whether boys and girls differ in levels of offending and in levels of family variables respectively, 2) whether the correlations between family variables and offending differ by gender, and 3) whether the family variables explain gender differences in adolescent offending. The study employs self-report data from a sample of young adolescents in Halmstad, Sweden (
N
= 889). The findings show that boys offend more than girls and that there are clear differences in both levels of the family variables and in the associations between the different family variables and offending. The findings also show that the family variables cannot explain gender differences in offending. The findings in this study are not only relevant theoretically, they also have important policy implications.
Journal Article
Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing
Jane Waldfogel, Terry-Ann Craigie, and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn review recent studies that use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) to examine why children who grow up in single-mother and cohabiting families fare worse than children born into married-couple households. They also present findings from their own new research. Analysts have investigated five key pathways through which family structure might influence child well-being: parental resources, parental mental health, parental relationship quality, parenting quality, and father involvement. It is also important to consider the role of the selection of different types of men and women into different family types, as well as family stability. But analysts remain uncertain how each of these elements shapes children's outcomes. In addition to providing an overview of findings from other studies using FFCWS, Waldfogel, Craigie, and Brooks-Gunn report their own estimates of the effect of a consistently defined set of family structure and stability categories on cognitive, behavioral, and health outcomes of children in the FFCWS study at age five. The authors find that the links between fragile families and child outcomes are not uniform. Family instability, for example, seems to matter more than family structure for cognitive and health outcomes, whereas growing up with a single mother (whether that family structure is stable or unstable over time) seems to matter more than instability for behavior problems. Overall, their results are consistent with other research findings that children raised by stable single or cohabiting parents are at less risk than those raised by unstable single or cohabiting parents. The authors conclude by pointing to three types of policy reforms that could improve outcomes for children. The first is to reduce the share of children growing up in fragile families (for example, through reducing the rate of unwed births or promoting family stability among unwed parents). The second is to address the pathways that place such children at risk (for example, through boosting resources in single-parent homes or fostering father involvement in fragile families). The third is to address directly the risks these children face (for example, through high-quality early childhood education or home-visiting policies).
Journal Article
Adolescents’ perspectives on the barriers and facilitators of physical activity
This article examined qualitative studies of adolescents’ perspectives about the facilitators and barriers of physical activity, published from 2007 to 2014. A systematic review of ‘Web of Science’, ‘EBSCO’, ‘Psychinfo’ and ‘ERIC’ databases was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. The following keywords were used: ‘physical activity’ and ‘physical education’, each one individually associated with ‘correlate’, ‘determinant’, ‘facilitator’, ‘barrier’, ‘factor influen*’, and with ‘qualitative’, ‘focus group’, ‘interview’, “narrative’. Out of 3815 studies initially identified, due to inclusion and quality criteria, only 12 were fully reviewed. Studies’ outcomes were analyzed through thematic analysis. The majority of these reported research with young adolescent girls. Few studies have considered the socioeconomic status influence. According to young people’s perspectives, the main facilitators and hampering factors to their participation in physical activity were the following: attitude toward physical activity; motivation; perceptions of competence and body image; fun; influence of friends, family and physical education teachers and environmental physical activity opportunities. Specific life transition periods were referred only as a barrier to physical activity. Strategies of pedagogical actions and for developing physical activity intervention programs were discussed, in order to effectively promote the adoption of active lifestyles among youth.
Journal Article
Shocked : my mother, Schiaparelli, and me
\"How does a girl fashion herself into a woman? In this richly illustrated intimate memoir, writer Patricia Volk juxtaposes her two childhood idols to find her answer ... the iconoclastic designer Elsa Schiaparelli and the author's own mother--to explore how a girl fashions herself into a woman.\"--Publisher's description.
Book
The Strengths and Positive Influences of Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
People with disabilities have not been adequately represented in strengths-based research. This study is the first to examine strengths and positive influences of young children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Thirty adoptive and relative caregivers of children with FASD reported their children's strengths and positive influences and completed measures on family functioning. Using a conversion mixed design, we described themes in strengths and influences, degree of caregiver positivity and relationships with child and family functioning. Caregivers reported wide-ranging strengths and positive influences. Frequency of adaptive strengths correlated with measures of family functioning, but thematic strengths and positive influences did not. Strengths and positive influences are distinct from measures of functioning and are not well captured in deficit-focused research.
Journal Article