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This is a book about the research process that led scientists to the discovery of a group of molecules that act as carriers of information among the cells of our body, which the book refers to collectively as \"body messages.\" Among the thousands of body messages, the author selected those that are part of her own research, the cytokines, adipokines, and other proteins that regulate inflammation and metabolism. She also interviewed twenty researchers who contributed significantly to the field, asking details about their discoveries while also inquiring about their life and education. Along with scientists' personal recollections, the book reconstructs the discovery process based on published reports of the original experimental findings. Though the book's main theme is the process of discovery, it devotes considerable space to the biology of body messages and the consequence of their identification for medical practice.-- Provided by publisher

Background/Objectives: In spite of the much evidence for the beneficial effects of probiotics, their anti-obesity effects have not been well examined. We evaluated the effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) on abdominal adiposity, body weight and other body measures in adults with obese tendencies. Subjects/Methods: We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled intervention trial. Subjects (n=87) with higher body mass index (BMI) (24.2–30.7 kg/m2) and abdominal visceral fat area (81.2–178.5 cm2) were randomly assigned to receive either fermented milk (FM) containing LG2055 (active FM; n=43) or FM without LG2055 (control FM; n=44), and were asked to consume 200 g/day of FM for 12 weeks. Abdominal fat area was determined by computed tomography. Results: In the active FM group, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat areas significantly (P<0.01) decreased from baseline by an average of 4.6% (mean (confidence interval): −5.8 (−10.0, −1.7) cm2) and 3.3% (−7.4 (−11.6, −3.1) cm2), respectively. Body weight and other measures also decreased significantly (P<0.001) as follows: body weight, 1.4% (−1.1 (−1.5, −0.7) kg); BMI, 1.5% (−0.4 (−0.5, −0.2) kg/m2); waist, 1.8% (−1.7 (−2.1, −1.4) cm); hip, 1.5% (−1.5 (−1.8, −1.1) cm). In the control group, by contrast, none of these parameters decreased significantly. High-molecular weight adiponectin in serum increased significantly (P<0.01) in the active and control groups by 12.7% (0.17 (0.07, 0.26) μg/ml) and 13.6% (0.23 (0.07, 0.38) μg/ml), respectively. Conclusion: The probiotic LG2055 showed lowering effects on abdominal adiposity, body weight and other measures, suggesting its beneficial influence on metabolic disorders.

Elkaim examines \"fat triggers and [a] ... way to double your weight loss in 3 weeks. Based on a ... blend of nutritional expertise, fitness experience, and cutting-edge research, his 4-part approach features the strategic cycling of calories and carbohydrates; a clean and lean food plan that reduces fat triggers in your body; a unique way to exercise smarter, not harder; and the method to improve your body's ability to repair and avoid burnout\" -- Amazon.com.

Context:Low-grade inflammation is associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Preclinical evidence suggests that resveratrol (RSV) has beneficial metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects that could have therapeutic implications.Objective:To investigate effects of long-term RSV treatment on inflammation and MetS.Setting and Design:A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel group clinical trial conducted at Aarhus University Hospital.Participants:Middle-aged community-dwelling men (N = 74) with MetS, 66 of whom completed all visits (mean ± standard error of the mean): age, 49.5 ± 0.796 years; body mass index, 33.8 ± 0.44 kg/m2; waist circumference, 115 ± 1.14 cm.Intervention:Daily oral supplementation with 1000 mg RSV (RSVhigh), 150 mg RSV, or placebo for 16 weeks.Main outcome measures:Plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), circulating lipids, and inflammatory markers in circulation and adipose/muscle tissue biopsy specimens; glucose metabolism; and body composition including visceral fat and ectopic fat deposition.Results:RSV treatment did not lower circulating levels of hs-CRP, interleukin 6, or soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in plasma, and inflammatory gene expression in adipose and muscle tissues also remained unchanged. RSV treatment had no effect on blood pressure, body composition, and lipid deposition in the liver or striated muscle. RSV treatment had no beneficial effect on glucose or lipid metabolism. RSVhigh treatment significantly increased total cholesterol (P < 0.002), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P < 0.006), and fructosamine (P < 0.013) levels compared with placebo.Conclusion:RSV treatment did not improve inflammatory status, glucose homeostasis, blood pressure, or hepatic lipid content in middle-aged men with MetS. On the contrary, RSVhigh significantly increased total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and fructosamine levels compared with placebo.Neither high- nor low-dose resveratrol had beneficial effects on inflammation or the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged men. High-dose treatment increased lipid and fructosamine levels.

\"Nutrition powerhouse and #1 New York Times bestselling author of The Fast Metabolism Diet, Haylie Pomroy, creates a food-based, supercharged weight-loss plan for those who have hit a plateau and need to microrepair metabolic function. Readers choose which of the 3 plans and goals that suit them best--and lose up to 3 pounds in 3 days, 5 in 5, or 10 in 10.\"-- Provided by publisher.

The carbohydrate–insulin model of obesity posits that high-carbohydrate diets lead to excess insulin secretion, thereby promoting fat accumulation and increasing energy intake. Thus, low-carbohydrate diets are predicted to reduce ad libitum energy intake as compared to low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets. To test this hypothesis, 20 adults aged 29.9 ± 1.4 (mean ± s.e.m.) years with body mass index of 27.8 ± 1.3 kg m −2 were admitted as inpatients to the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center and randomized to consume ad libitum either a minimally processed, plant-based, low-fat diet (10.3% fat, 75.2% carbohydrate) with high glycemic load (85 g 1,000 kcal −1 ) or a minimally processed, animal-based, ketogenic, low-carbohydrate diet (75.8% fat, 10.0% carbohydrate) with low glycemic load (6 g 1,000 kcal −1 ) for 2 weeks followed immediately by the alternate diet for 2 weeks. One participant withdrew due to hypoglycemia during the low-carbohydrate diet. The primary outcomes compared mean daily ad libitum energy intake between each 2-week diet period as well as between the final week of each diet. We found that the low-fat diet led to 689 ± 73 kcal d −1 less energy intake than the low-carbohydrate diet over 2 weeks ( P  < 0.0001) and 544 ± 68 kcal d −1 less over the final week ( P  < 0.0001). Therefore, the predictions of the carbohydrate–insulin model were inconsistent with our observations. This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03878108 . In an inpatient, randomized controlled crossover trial, participants consumed 550–700 kcal day −1 fewer calories when following a plant-based, low-fat diet with a high glycemic load compared with an animal-based, low-carbohydrate diet with a low glycemic load; weight loss was comparable between the two diets and there were no significant differences in hunger or enjoyment of the meals.

\" New York Times bestselling author Yuri Elkaim provides the perfect companion to The All-Day Fat-Burning Diet, arming you with quick and easy recipes following the 5-Day Food Cycling Formula. The All-Day Fat-Burning Cookbook includes more than 125 delicious gluten-, dairy-, and soy-free recipes including 5-minute, 5-ingredient refined sugar-free Coconut Cream with Berries; delicious 15-minute Beef and Rice with Spice; vegetarian BBQ Butternut Squash Steaks; and 3-minute, refined sugar-free Spicy Ginger Ale. These satisfying recipes are laid out according to the revolutionary 5-Day Food Cycling plan outlined in The All-Day Fat-Burning Diet and act as the perfect guide to help you stay lean and happy for life. \"-- Provided by publisher.

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT)—fat stored around the internal organs—has been suggested as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disease 1 – 3 , as well as all-cause, cardiovascular-specific and cancer-specific mortality 4 , 5 . Yet, the contribution of genetics to VAT, as well as its disease-related effects, are largely unexplored due to the requirement for advanced imaging technologies to accurately measure VAT. Here, we develop sex-stratified, nonlinear prediction models (coefficient of determination = 0.76; typical 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.74–0.78) for VAT mass using the UK Biobank cohort. We performed a genome-wide association study for predicted VAT mass and identified 102 novel visceral adiposity loci. Predicted VAT mass was associated with increased risk of hypertension, heart attack/angina, type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia, and Mendelian randomization analysis showed visceral fat to be a causal risk factor for all four diseases. In particular, a large difference in causal effect between the sexes was found for type 2 diabetes, with an odds ratio of 7.34 (95% CI = 4.48–12.0) in females and an odds ratio of 2.50 (95% CI = 1.98–3.14) in males. Our findings bolster the role of visceral adiposity as a potentially independent risk factor, in particular for type 2 diabetes in Caucasian females. Independent validation in other cohorts is necessary to determine whether the findings can translate to other ethnicities, or outside the UK. Analysis of the UK Biobank reveals new genetic loci associated with estimated visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass, and suggests that VAT is potentially an independent risk factor for various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

\"Turn your kitchen into a secret weapon for losing up to 20 pounds in 28 days through the fat-burning power of food! Use food as medicine to cook your way healthy in this must have companion to the bestselling diet sensation, The Fast Metabolism Diet. You will find over 200 simple, effective, mouthwatering, family-pleasing recipes designed to evoke change in your body with a plan that celebrates food, thrives on variety, and has you eating five to six times a day according to a three-phase plan strategically designed to keep your metabolism burning at lightening speeds. On phase 1 you will cook to unwind stress and support your adrenals with nourishing breakfasts like Strawberry Pancakes and French Toast with Peaches, as well as delicious entrees like the Mediterranean Turkey with Wild Rice, Halibut Stir Fry, and Brown Pasta with Meat Sauce. On Phase 2, you'll be cooking to unlock stored fat and feed the liver with protein-rich salads like the Grilled Turkey Bacon and Asparagus Salad, the Chicken Fajita Salad, and luxurious dinners like Lamb with Green Beans , Filet Mignon and Cabbage, and Rosemary Pork Tenderloin with Mustard Greens. Then on Phase 3, it is time to use your kitchen to unleash the burn and ignite the Fast Metabolism hormones with high healthy fat meals like the Sprouted Grain Breakfast Burrito, Steak Fajita Avocado Wraps, and Fried egg with Olive Oil Spinach. You'll prepare dairy free creamy soups and stews like Leek and Cauliflower Soup and Veggie Chili, and serve crowd-pleasing dinners like Turkey and Bell Pepper Casserole, and Cornish Game Hens with Mushroom Quinoa Stuffing As you cycle through all three phases each week you'll add kindling to your metabolic fire with amazing snacks like sweet potato fries, crispy kale chips, and fresh fruit salad, or mounds of veggies served with dips and dressings like the Black Bean Cilantro Dip, Mango Salsa, or creamy White Bean and Dill Hummus. And to top it all off, for each phase you'll be whipping up rich desserts and smoothies, like Baked Apple Crisp, Chocolate cherries, Coconut Almond Pudding, Melon-Mint Smoothie, and Blackberry Sorbet. Plus plenty of vegetarian, vegan, and gluten-free options, such as a hearty lentil chili, savory Artichoke-Avocado Salad, silky Butternut Squash Soup, and Garden Egg White Souffle. Full of helpful and affordable hints for cooking on each of the three phases, a wealth of freezer-friendly recipes to cook in bulk, and dozens of slow cooker options that can be prepared in under 5 minutes, this is the ideal tool for the busy mom, the on-the-go professional, or anyone who wants to make delicious, nutritious, home-cooked food part of his or her Fast Metabolism lifestyle\"-- Provided by publisher.

To measure the effects of different nutritional interventions on abdominal adipose components and metabolic parameters. A randomized clinical trial.We included individuals aged 20 years and older with excess weight (i.e., body mass index, ≥BMI, of 25 kg/m2 for adults; and ≥ 27 kg/m2 for older adults). Participants were stratified into three intervention groups: Group 1: Caloric restriction with balanced macronutrient distribution. Group 2: Caloric and carbohydrate restrictions. Group 3: Caloric and lipid restrictions. An active control group (Group 4) received nutritional counseling only. Visceral and subcutaneous adiposity (VAT and SAT) The compartments were measured using ultrasound. Anthropometric, clinical, sociodemographic, and behavioral data were included in the predictive models. A total of 105 participants completed the study. At baseline (T0), all groups were comparable in physical activity status, BMI, waist circumference (WC), VAT, and SAT. Group 2 reported a higher caloric intake, compared to Groups 1 and 3 (P = 0.020). Postintervention, all groups demonstrated reductions in weight, BMI, and WC (P < 0.05). Only Groups 1 and 2 achieved significant reductions in VAT (P < 0.05), while no significant changes were observed in SAT (P > 0.05). VAT reduction varied from 0.6% (control group) to 9.0% (Group 2), although differences between groups were not significant (P = 0.202). Serum glucose and lipid levels were similar across all groups (T0, P > 0.05), and no intervention changed these metabolic parameters (P > 0.05). After three months, we observed minimal differences in weight loss across the different nutritional strategies, suggesting that nutritional counseling and/or specific dietary protocols can effectively promote weight reduction. •Total energy intake, rather than the specific macronutrient content, is the key factor in reducing body weight, regardless of the approach used.•The macronutrient profile did not effectively influence changes in visceral fat over the 3-month intervention period.•Visceral adipose tissue mobilization showed slightly better results with the low-carbohydrate diet compared to nonpersonalized and individualized interventions