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"Fatalism"
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Fate and Fortune in European Thought, ca. 1400-1650
This collection of essays presents new insights into what shaped and constituted the Renaissance and early modern views of fate and fortune. It argues that these ideas were emblematic of a more fundamental argument about the self, society, and the universe and shows that their influence was more widespread, both geographically and thematically, than hitherto assumed.
eBook
The Moderated Mediating Role of Fatalism in the Effect of Death Anxiety on Work Performance Among Airline Employees: A Comparative Study in Turkiye During and Post-COVID-19
This study examines the moderated mediating role of fatalism in the impact of death anxiety among airline employees in Turkiye on work performance during and after-COVID-19. Data were collected from 199 employees during and post-COVID-19 to analyze the impact of death anxiety, job stress,
job performance, and job satisfaction using SmartPLS. Findings showed that job stress fully mediated the relationship between death anxiety and work performance/work satisfaction during COVID-19 and partially mediated it post-COVID-19. Fatalism moderated the mediating role of job stress
in the relationship between death anxiety and work performance/work satisfaction during COVID-19, but this effect was not observed in post-COVID-19. Also, fatalism moderating effect influenced death anxiety and work performance/work satisfaction during COVID-19, but there is no effect
in post-COVID-19. Thus, post-COVID-19, the effect of fatalism diminished, highlighting a shift in employees' coping mechanisms as the impact of COVID-19 reduced. This study emphasizes the significance of considering employees' psychological and cultural factors in managing workplace
stress and performance, especially in high-risk sectors like aviation. Practical implications suggest that airline companies should develop strategies to address employees' stress and anxiety, incorporating their beliefs and cultural contexts, to enhance work performance and satisfaction
during and post-COVID-19.
Journal Article
Four Responsibility Gaps with Artificial Intelligence: Why they Matter and How to Address them
The notion of “responsibility gap” with artificial intelligence (AI) was originally introduced in the philosophical debate to indicate the concern that “learning automata” may make more difficult or impossible to attribute moral culpability to persons for untoward events. Building on literature in moral and legal philosophy, and ethics of technology, the paper proposes a broader and more comprehensive analysis of the responsibility gap. The responsibility gap, it is argued, is not one problem but a set of at least four interconnected problems – gaps in culpability, moral and public accountability, active responsibility—caused by different sources, some technical, other organisational, legal, ethical, and societal. Responsibility gaps may also happen with non-learning systems. The paper clarifies which aspect of AI may cause which gap in which form of responsibility, and why each of these gaps matter. It proposes a critical review of partial and non-satisfactory attempts to address the responsibility gap: those which present it as a new and intractable problem (“fatalism”), those which dismiss it as a false problem (“deflationism”), and those which reduce it to only one of its dimensions or sources and/or present it as a problem that can be solved by simply introducing new technical and/or legal tools (“solutionism”). The paper also outlines a more comprehensive approach to address the responsibility gaps with AI in their entirety, based on the idea of designing socio-technical systems for “meaningful human control\", that is systems aligned with the relevant human reasons and capacities.
Journal Article
Fate and prognostication in the Chinese literary imagination
The essays collected in Fate and Prognostication in the Chinese Literary Imagination deal with the issues hidden in the Chinese conception of fate as represented in literary texts and films, with a focus placed on human efforts to solve the riddles of fate prediction.
eBook
The Symposium of Methodius of Olympus and the Critique of Fatalism
This study examines a specific section of the Symposium by Methodius of Olympus, a Church Father of the late 3rd and early 4th centuries, focusing on the critique of astrological fatalism. In Methodius’s Symposium, the virgin Thecla offers a series of rational arguments against the notion of an inescapable fate governing human events, emphasizing the primacy of human free will and responsibility. Notably, Thecla’s refutation of fatalism relies almost entirely on classical philosophical reasoning—citing Homer and echoing Platonic thought—rather than on Scripture, thereby engaging pagan cultural ideas on common ground. The paper highlights how Thecla’s excursus on fate, unique within the dialogue, underscores the centrality of human freedom in Methodius’s theology. Furthermore, a comparison with Methodius’s dialogue On Free Will suggests that the Symposium’s anti-fatalistic arguments are consistent with his broader defence of free will as God’s greatest gift to humanity, which requires the synergistic participation of human freedom alongside divine grace.
Journal Article