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This study investigated Mexican immigrant parents' reports of perceived workplace discrimination and their children's behavior, parents' moods, and parent–child interactions. Parents of one hundred and thirty-eight 3-to 5-year-old children were asked to complete one survey daily for 2 weeks (N = 1,592 days). On days when fathers perceived discrimination, fathers and mothers reported more externalizing child behaviors, and mothers reported fewer positive child behaviors. When mothers perceived discrimination, they reported more externalizing child behaviors; fathers reported more internalizing child behaviors. Parents reported worse mood on days with perceived discrimination. Perceived discrimination was not strongly related to parent-child interactions. For fathers, but less so for mothers, those whose psychological acculturation indicated separation had more negative relations between daily perceived workplace discrimination and child and family outcomes.

Today, many families find that they are unable to fulfill the goal of maintaining a household by living together under the same roof. Some members migrate internationally. This article addresses the consequences of a transnational lifestyle for children who are left behind by migrant parents. Using ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with a total of 141 members of Mexican transnational families, I explore how children who are left behind react to parents' migrations. I focus on how Mexican children manifest the competing pressures they feel surrounding parents' migrations and consequently shape family migration patterns. The article shows that children may experience power, albeit in different ways at different ages, while simultaneously being disadvantaged as dependents and in terms of their families' socioeconomic status.

What makes adult children live with their parents? This paper examines the extent to which individual and family characteristics are associated with co-residence decisions between adult children and their parents. Using Mexico’s 2011 Social Mobility Survey (EMOVI) retrospective data and focusing on the young adult population in Mexico, we test empirically what parent and adult children characteristics correlate with co-residence status. Marginal effects from a probit regression model show that, after controlling for individual characteristics and retrospective family conditions, adult children’s education and employment status seem to be correlated with co-residence status, although only for males. Marital status, whether or not they have children, and retrospective parents’ home ownership are all correlated with co-residence status. The probability of adult male children staying at their parents’ home is reduced when the father has higher levels of education, while increased when the mother has higher levels of education.

Conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs) are increasingly common in Latin American countries and have become the main strategy for combating poverty and social inequality. Among many, noteworthy programs include Progresa-Oportunidades, later renamed Prospera, in Mexico in 1997; Programa Familias en Acción in Colombia; Chile Solidario in Chile in 2002; and Bolsa Família Program in Brazil in 2003. The central feature of the Bolsa Família Program (BFP) was that the receipt of monetary benefits by families was tied to the fulfillment of certain conditions, or conditionalities, involving healthcare and education for children and adolescents. The purpose of this design was, in the short term, to combat the negative effects of poverty on family well-being through the transfer of monetary resources, and in the long term, through the requirement of conditionalities, to break the poverty trap caused, in large part, by intergenerational transmission of income and education. The literature on conditional cash transfers has largely focused on entry conditions, paying less attention to exit conditions. This study aims to explore the trajectory of participant families in the Bolsa Família Program, using information obtained from the cohort of individuals born in the city of Pelotas in 2004. The research focuses on the socioeconomic characteristics of families at the time of their child’s birth in 2004 and the follow-up conducted in 2015. Survival analysis models are used to analyze the probability of exiting the program. The results reported by the survival analysis, Kaplan-Meier method, indicate that a BRL 1.00 (US $ 0.30) increase in income reduces, on average, the likelihood of successful departure from the BFP beneficiary family by 1%. Conversely, exercises conducted by family groups indicate that for families receiving benefits above the average, BRL 141.00 (US$42.32), the mother’s age and her employment status positively influence the chances of leaving the program. Overall, the results demonstrate that the values of the benefits received are subject to decreasing returns. For families receiving benefits below the average, a one-unit increase in the amount received reduces the probability of exiting the program by an average of 1%. Regarding successful exits, it was observed that having a white father increases the chances by 40%, and if the father is employed, it increases the likelihood of successfully exiting the program by 48%. These results indicate that the successful exit of families from the program is primarily associated with parental characteristics.

The United States does not guarantee families a wide range of supportive workplace policies such as paid maternity and paternity leave or paid leave to care for sick children. Proposals to provide such benefits are invariably met with the complaint that the costs would reduce employment and undermine the international competitiveness of American businesses. In this article, Alison Earle, Zitha Mokomane, and Jody Heymann explore whether paid leave and other work-family policies that support children s development exist in countries that are economically competitive and have low unemployment rates. Their data show that the answer is yes. Using indicators of competitiveness gathered by the World Economic Forum, the authors identify fifteen countries, including the United States, that have been among the top twenty countries in competitiveness rankings for at least eight often years. To this group they add China and India, both rising competitors in the global economy. They find that every one of these countries, except the United States, guarantees some form of paid leave for new mothers as well as annual leave. And all but Switzerland and the United States guarantee paid leave for new fathers. The authors perform a similar exercise to identify thirteen advanced countries with consistently low unemployment rates, again including the United States. The majority of these countries provide paid leave for new mothers, paid leave for new fathers, paid leave to care for children's health care needs, breast-feeding breaks, paid vacation leave, and a weekly day of rest. Of these, the United States guarantees only breast-feeding breaks (part of the recently passed health care legislation). The authors' global examination of the most competitive economies as well as the economies with low unemployment rates makes clear that ensuring that all parents are available to care for their children's healthy development does not preclude a country from being highly competitive economically.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the context of the sexual health of Latino migrant day labourers in the USA, challenges to sexual health and ways of coping, with attention to conditions of structural vulnerability permeating the lives of this unique Latino population. Given the limited information about this topic and population, ethnographic research employing in-depth semi-structured interviews with 51 labourers, recruited through purposive sampling in the San Francisco Bay Area, was utilised. The sexual health aspirations of the men are deeply embedded in the core value and practice of Latino familismo or, in this case, the central goal of securing a family headed by men as providers and present husbands/fathers. However, such goals are frequently thwarted by the poverty engendering work and prolonged separations from home that characterise predominantly undocumented day labour in the USA. Resulting goal frustration, combined with pent up sexual urges, often lead to sexual risk in spite of efforts to cope with challenges to sexual health. Unless community-, state- and national-level interventions are developed to mitigate the pronounced structural vulnerability of migrant day labourers, individual level interventions to promote sexual health, and decrease risk and distress, are likely to have diminishing returns.

The 2006 ESRU Survey on Social Mobility in Mexico is used to identify determinants of the decision to become an entrepreneur and analyze entrepreneurs’ intergenerational (i.e., respondents-parents) household wealth mobility. Entrepreneurs are distinguished from own-account workers. First, we find that entrepreneurship is strongly determined by the father being an entrepreneur and not necessarily by the individual’s initial wealth or educational attainment. Second, the mean ef fect of entrepreneurial activity on individual income is positive and greater for those whose parents belonged to the extreme ends of the socioeconomic distribution. Third, it is more likely for entrepreneurs to experience greater upward wealth mobility than non-entrepreneurs.

This is a qualitative study that examines the process through which young adults who were born in Mexico and immigrated to the United States in their formative years have managed to attain a college education, and the uncertainty that besets their future careers. The article focuses on successful college attainment but seeks to add to the debate about resilient migrants along the following lines. The young adult immigrant population (referred to as Generation 1.5) deserves special attention since they experience a different process of socialization and insertion into American society, compared to first-generation adult migrants and to their children born in the United States (the second generation). The outcome of this different socialization process is a group of high achievers in the academic arena, with a heterogeneous prospect in labor, mainly due to their migratory situation. Their professional prospects fall into one of two patterns: upward mobility or glass-ceiling mobility.

Missing in recent studies on migration and health is an examination of how the gendered process of migration affects the health of children in Mexican households. This omission is surprising given that substantial scholarship has revealed that parents selectively discriminate against girls in households worldwide. Using new binational data on the health of Mexican children, we examine whether and how the gendered process of migration differentially affects the health of girls and boys in Mexican families. Our findings reveal that gender inequality in child health is related to preferences built on the traditional gender hierarchy. Our findings also reveal that shifts in the power distribution, brought about by women's employment and the experience of US migration, reduce the gender-health inequality. These results have important implications for understanding gender differences in health. Une omission majeure des récentes études sur l'immigration et la santé est l'étude de l'impact du sexe des enfants sur leur santé au sein des ménages mexicains. Cette omission est surprenante si on considère l'ensemble des recherches ayant révélé que les parents opèrent une discrimination sélective contre les filles dans de nombreux pays. Sur la base de nouvelles données binationales sur la santé des enfants mexicains, nous examinons si, et comment, les mécanismes reliés au genre affectent différemment la santé des filles et des garçons au sein des familles mexicaines. Nos résultats révèlent que les inégalités reliées au genre, en ce concerne la santé des enfants, sont issues de préférences reflétant la hiérarchie traditionnelle des genres. Nos résultats démontrent aussi que les changements dans la distribution des pouvoirs, résultant de l'emploi des femmes et de l'expérience de migration vers les Etats-Unis, réduisent ces inégalités. Nos résultats ont d'importantes implications pour l'étude des différences entre les genres en matière de santé. El faltar en estudios recientes en la migración y la salud es una exanimación de cómo el proceso género de la migración afecta la salud de niños en casas Mejicanas. Éste es el sorprender dado que muchas investigaciones han revelado que los padres discriminan selectivamente contra muchachas en casas por todo el mundo. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de nuevos datos recolectados en México. Examinamos si y cómo el proceso género de la migración diferenciado afecta la salud de muchachas y de muchachos en familias Mejicanas. Nuestros resultados revelan que la desigualdad del género en salud de niño está relacionada con las preferencias construidas en la jerarquía tradicional del género, pero las cambios en la distribución de energía causada por el empleo de las mujeres y la experiencia de la migración de Estados Unidos reducen la desigualdad. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones importantes para las diferencias del género que entienden en salud.