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Ingroup favoritism-the tendency to favor members of one's own group over those in other groups-is well documented, but the mechanisms driving this behavior are not well understood. In particular, it is unclear to what extent ingroup favoritism is driven by preferences concerning the welfare of ingroup over outgroup members, vs. beliefs about the behavior of ingroup and outgroup members. In this review we analyze research on ingroup favoritism in economic games, identifying key gaps in the literature and providing suggestions on how future work can incorporate these insights to shed further light on when, why, and how ingroup favoritism occurs. In doing so, we demonstrate how social psychological theory and research can be integrated with findings from behavioral economics, providing new theoretical and methodological directions for future research.

How does economic inequality affect support for redistribution to native citizens and immigrants? While prior studies have examined the separate effects of inequality and immigration on redistribution preferences, the interaction between inequality and communal identity has been largely overlooked. This article explains that inequality triggers selective solidarity. Individuals exposed to inequality become more supportive of redistribution – but only if the redistribution benefits native-born citizens. Inequality therefore reinforces the already popular opinion that native citizens deserve welfare priority and widens the gap between support for natives and support for immigrants. This study first provides cross-national evidence with survey data linked to contextual socio-economic indicators from advanced industrialized countries. To evaluate causally identified effects, it then presents the results of a survey experiment administered to a nationally representative sample of Italian citizens. The findings imply that economic inequality can increase support for populist radical right parties that advocate discrimination in access to welfare services based on native citizenship.

The subjective nature of performance evaluation in aesthetic sports competitions makes it vulnerable to bias. Among these, national bias—where judges’ scores are influenced by their own and the athlete’s nationality—poses a significant threat to the integrity of competition outcomes. Existing literature is fragmented across sports, types of bias, theoretical explanations, and methodological approaches, and lacks an overarching synthesis. To address this gap, the present scoping review—conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2000 guidelines—synthesizes existing literature across four dimensions: (1) forms of national bias, (2) underlying mechanisms, (3) degree of intentionality, and (4) proposed mitigation strategies. Contributions addressing at least one of these dimensions were included regardless of type or quality.The review identifies national bias as a multifaceted phenomenon that manifests in several forms, including favoritism toward compatriots, penalization of their competitors, vote trading among judges, and reactive scoring based on perceived or expected national bias from colleagues. Vote trading reflects intentional manipulation, whereas other forms may arise unintentionally through cognitive or social mechanisms, complicating their detection and regulation. Existing countermeasures demonstrate limited effectiveness and often entail trade-offs, underscoring the need for more context-sensitive and robust interventions.

Partisanship continues to divide Americans. Using data from the American National Election Studies (ANES), we find that partisans not only feel more negatively about the opposing party, but also that this negativity has become more consistent and has a greater impact on their political participation. We find that while partisan animus began to rise in the 1980s, it has grown dramatically over the past two decades. As partisan affect has intensified, it is also more structured; ingroup favoritism is increasingly associated with outgroup animus. Finally, hostility toward the opposing party has eclipsed positive affect for ones' own party as a motive for political participation.