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Flush : the remarkable science of an unlikely treasure
\"The future is sh*t: the literal kind. For most of human history we've been, well, disinclined to take a closer look at our body's natural product-the complex antihero of this story-save for gleaning some prophecy of our own health. But if we were to take more than a passing look at our poop, we would spy a veritable cornucopia of possibilities. We would see potent medicine, sustainable power, and natural fertilizer to restore the world's depleted lands. We would spy a time capsule of evidence for understanding past lives and murderous ends. We would glimpse effective ways of measuring and improving human health from the cradle to the grave, early warnings of community outbreaks like Covid-19, and new means of identifying environmental harm-and then reversing it. Flush is both an urgent exploration of the world's single most squandered natural resource, and a cri de coeur (or cri de colon?) for the vast, hidden value in our \"waste.\" Award-winning journalist and microbiologist Bryn Nelson, PhD, leads readers through the colon and beyond with infectious enthusiasm, helping to usher in a necessary mental shift that could restore our balance with the rest of the planet and save us from ourselves. Unlocking poop's enormous potential will require us to overcome our shame and disgust and embrace our role as the producers and architects of a more circular economy in which lowly byproducts become our species' salvation. Locked within you is a medicine cabinet, a biogas pipeline, a glass of drinking water, a mound of fuel briquettes; it's time to open the doors (carefully!). A dose of medicine, a glass of water, a gallon of rocket fuel, an acre of soil: sometimes hope arrives in surprising packages\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The poop sleuth
Describes how scientists collect and analyze animal feces to study their behavior and learn how to help endangered animals around the world.
Book
Prebiotic inulin-type fructans induce specific changes in the human gut microbiota
ObjectiveContrary to the long-standing prerequisite of inducing selective (ie, bifidogenic) effects, recent findings suggest that prebiotic interventions lead to ecosystem-wide microbiota shifts. Yet, a comprehensive characterisation of this process is still lacking. Here, we apply 16S rDNA microbiota profiling and matching (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) metabolomics to assess the consequences of inulin fermentation both on the composition of the colon bacterial ecosystem and faecal metabolites profiles.DesignFaecal samples collected during a double-blind, randomised, cross-over intervention study set up to assess the effect of inulin consumption on stool frequency in healthy adults with mild constipation were analysed. Faecal microbiota composition and metabolite profiles were linked to the study's clinical outcome as well as to quality-of-life measurements recorded.ResultsWhile faecal metabolite profiles were not significantly altered by inulin consumption, our analyses did detect a modest effect on global microbiota composition and specific inulin-induced changes in relative abundances of Anaerostipes, Bilophila and Bifidobacterium were identified. The observed decrease in Bilophila abundances following inulin consumption was associated with both softer stools and a favourable change in constipation-specific quality-of-life measures.ConclusionsEcosystem-wide analysis of the effect of a dietary intervention with prebiotic inulin-type fructans on the colon microbiota revealed that this effect is specifically associated with three genera, one of which (Bilophila) representing a promising novel target for mechanistic research.Trial registration numberNCT02548247.
Journal Article
Poop medicine
\"Most of U.S. take medicine to cure our stomach ailments, but poop is also a cure. Poop is a waste product that doctors can put to good use. This volume explores the healing properties of poop, focusing chiefly on fecal transplants. It will discuss the donation, collection, preparation and transplantation of poop, as well as the history of using human and animal waste to restore or enhance health and beauty\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug
A randomized clinical trial reveals that the antidiabetic effects of metformin are at least partially due to beneficial changes in the microbiota.
Metformin is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but its mechanism of action is poorly defined. Recent evidence implicates the gut microbiota as a site of metformin action. In a double-blind study, we randomized individuals with treatment-naive T2D to placebo or metformin for 4 months and showed that metformin had strong effects on the gut microbiome. These results were verified in a subset of the placebo group that switched to metformin 6 months after the start of the trial. Transfer of fecal samples (obtained before and 4 months after treatment) from metformin-treated donors to germ-free mice showed that glucose tolerance was improved in mice that received metformin-altered microbiota. By directly investigating metformin–microbiota interactions in a gut simulator, we showed that metformin affected pathways with common biological functions in species from two different phyla, and many of the metformin-regulated genes in these species encoded metalloproteins or metal transporters. Our findings provide support for the notion that altered gut microbiota mediates some of metformin's antidiabetic effects.
Journal Article
Waist-deep in dung : a stomach-churning look at the grossest jobs throughout history
\"After wading into the grossest animal pee, poop, and vomit humans have consumed in Dung for Dinner, Christine dives back into the muck with an equally humorous and informative exploration of the most revolting jobs throughout history. From the ancient Egyptian mummy makers who removed brains by shoving iron hooks up peoples' noses, to the 19th century Toshers who hunted for treasure deep in the London sewers, to modern day forensic entomologists who study the fly eggs, maggots, and other creepy crawlies that live on-and crawl through-human corpses, we'll learn about jobs that deal with poop, pee, blood, medicine, and dead bodies. Combining history, science, and a slew of fascinating facts, it's middle grade nonfiction with real kid appeal\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The 6 Ds of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
A practical handbook on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for physicians, nurses, physician assistants, students, residents, and fellows,
The 6 Ds of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Primer from Decision to Discharge and Beyond
provides a clinical framework to understand and administer this treatment as safely and effectively as possible.
FMT has emerged as a promising treatment for C. difficile infection (CDI), and there is a major need for educational resources on the topic. Drs. Jessica Allegretti, Zain Kassam, and their expert contributors are leaders in the field and have collectively cared for thousands of patients suffering from recurrent CDI who have benefitted from FMT.
This guide provides practical tools, clinical pearls, and answers to frequently asked questions. Beginning with introductory information on the microbiome and exploring the history of FMT,
The 6 Ds of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
outlines a step-by-step checklist for administering FMT:
Decision: Who is the right CDI patient to receive FMT? What clinical questions should you ask patients in your FMT clinical assessment?
Donor: How do you select and screen a donor for FMT?
Discussion: What are the risks, benefits, and alternatives that need to be discussed with patients?
Delivery: What is the best delivery method for FMT-colonoscopy, nasogastric tube, enema, or capsules?
Discharge and follow-up: What is the ideal post-FMT care? How should you council patients following FMT?
Discovery: What are the most promising emerging clinical applications for FMT? What is the evidence for FMT in obesity, autism, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, antibiotic resistant bacteria, and liver disease?
Arming healthcare professionals with the ability to answer questions from patients regarding FMT and the microbiome,
The 6 Ds of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
provides a pragmatic guide for this exciting treatment.
eBook
You wouldn't want to live without poop!
\"Describes what life would be like without poop.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book