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Friendship bread : a novel
Still reeling from a personal tragedy that left her estranged from the sister who was once her best friend, Julia Evarts remains at a loss as to how to move on with her life until she receives an anonymous gift of Amish Friendship Bread with instructions on how to make the bread herself, and a request to share it with others.
Book
Letrozole versus Clomiphene for Infertility in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
This double-blind, multicenter, randomized trial showed that letrozole, as compared with clomiphene, was associated with higher live-birth and ovulation rates among infertile women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.
The polycystic ovary syndrome, which is diagnosed on the basis of hyperandrogenism, oligo-ovulation with associated oligomenorrhea, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasonography, affects 5 to 10% of reproductive-age women and is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility.
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Although the syndrome is a complex reproductive–metabolic disorder, the hypothalamic–pituitary axis has been the target of first-line ovulation-induction therapy. Clomiphene citrate, a selective estrogen-receptor modulator that antagonizes the negative feedback of estrogen at the hypothalamus with a consequent increase in ovarian stimulation by endogenous gonadotropin, has been used for this indication for decades.
Clomiphene has drawbacks, including its overall poor efficacy (only a . . .
Journal Article
Solstice
The friendship between Monica Jensen, a recently divorced schoolteacher, and Sheila Trask, a charismatic artist, intensifies into a turbulent, reckless relationship as Monica loses sight of her conventional values.
Book
Genital Inflammation and the Risk of HIV Acquisition in Women
Background. Women in Africa, especially young women, have very high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence rates that cannot be fully explained by behavioral risks. We investigated whether genital inflammation influenced HIV acquisition in this group. Methods. Twelve selected cytokines, including 9 inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (interleukin [IL]-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-8, interferon-γ inducible protein-10 [IP-10], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1α, MIP-1β), hematopoietic IL-7, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and regulatory IL-10 were measured prior to HIV infection in cervicovaginal lavages from 58 HIV seroconverters and 58 matched uninfected controls and in plasma from a subset of 107 of these women from the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa 004 tenofovir gel trial. Results. HIV seroconversion was associated with raised genital inflammatory cytokines (including chemokines MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and IP-10). The risk of HIV acquisition was significantly higher in women with evidence of genital inflammation, defined by at least 5 of 9 inflammatory cytokines being raised (odds ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–7.9; P = .014). Genital cytokine concentrations were persistently raised (for about 1 year before infection), with no readily identifiable cause despite extensive investigation of several potential factors, including sexually transmitted infections and systemic cytokines. Conclusions. Elevated genital concentrations of HIV target cell–recruiting chemokines and a genital inflammatory profile contributes to the high risk of HIV acquisition in these African women.
Journal Article
Friends forever : how girls and women forge lasting relationships
From their biological and cultural origins to the varied manifestations of social connections, this book explores the deep bonds forged between women. By sharing stories from girls and women throughout their lives, authors Degges-White and Gainey thoughtfully illustrate the roles that contemporary social relationships play at different stages in our lives while offering insights to deeper self-understanding and for finding, establishing, and sustaining relationships at any age.
Book
Genital tuberculosis in females
The morbidity and mortality due to tuberculosis (TB) is high worldwide, and the burden of disease among women is significant, especially in developing countries. Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli reach the genital tract primarily by haematogenous spread and dissemination from foci outside the genitalia with lungs as the common primary focus. Genital TB in females is a chronic disease with low-grade symptoms. The fallopian tubes are affected in almost all cases of genital TB, and along with endometrial involvement, it causes infertility in patients. Many women present with atypical symptoms which mimic other gynaecological conditions. A combination of investigations is needed to establish the diagnosis of female genital TB (FGTB). Multidrug anti-TB treatment is the mainstay of management and surgery may be required in advanced cases. Conception rates are low among infertile women with genital TB even after multidrug therapy for TB, and the risk of complications such as ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage is high. More research is needed on the changing trends in the prevalence and on the appropriate methods for diagnosis of FGTB.
Journal Article
The female offender : girls, women, and crime
Scholarship in criminology over the last few decades has often left little room for research and theory on how female offenders are perceived and handled in the criminal justice system. In truth, one out of every four juveniles arrested is female, and the population of women in prison has tripled in the past decade. Co-authored by Meda Chesney-Lind, one of the pioneers in the development of the feminist theoretical perspective in criminology, The Female Offender: Girls, Women and Crime, Third Edition redresses these issues.In an engaging style, authors Meda Chesney-Lind and Lisa Pasko explore gender and cultural factors in women's lives that often precede criminal behavior and address the question of whether female offenders are more violent today than in the past. The authors provide a revealing look at how public discomfort with the idea of women as criminals significantly impacts the treatment received by this offender population. The text covers additional topics such the interaction of sexism, racism, and social class inequalities that results in an increase of female offenders, as well as the imprisonment binge that has resulted in an increasing number of girls and women being incarcerated.
eBook
Clomiphene, Metformin, or Both for Infertility in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
This multicenter, randomized trial compared the effects of clomiphene citrate plus placebo, metformin plus placebo, and combination therapy in infertile women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. The rate of live birth was significantly higher with clomiphene than with metformin; there was no significant difference between the rates with combination therapy and with clomiphene alone. Multiple birth was a complication associated with clomiphene but was infrequent. These data support the use of clomiphene over metformin for the treatment of infertility in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.
In infertile women with the polycystic ovary syndrome, the rate of live birth was significantly higher with clomiphene than with metformin.
The polycystic ovary syndrome affects 7 to 8% of women
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and may be the most common cause of female infertility.
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Anovulation,
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early pregnancy loss,
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and later pregnancy complications
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have all been implicated in the low fecundity of women with this disorder. Obesity is also common in such women,
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and this condition alone appears to have an adverse effect on reproduction.
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,
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The cause of the polycystic ovary syndrome is poorly understood, and both the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder are controversial.
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,
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,
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Women with this syndrome have hyperandrogenism,
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morphologic changes in the ovary (polycystic),
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inappropriate gonadotropin secretion (elevated . . .
Journal Article