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Mother nature : natural selection and the female of the species
The author argues that evolution is controlled by the female of the species. She is more diverse, deadlier and more adaptable than the male, and the notion of maternal instinct, with its baggage of self-sacrifice, gentleness and devotion is a misapprehension.
Book
Letrozole versus Clomiphene for Infertility in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
This double-blind, multicenter, randomized trial showed that letrozole, as compared with clomiphene, was associated with higher live-birth and ovulation rates among infertile women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.
The polycystic ovary syndrome, which is diagnosed on the basis of hyperandrogenism, oligo-ovulation with associated oligomenorrhea, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasonography, affects 5 to 10% of reproductive-age women and is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility.
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Although the syndrome is a complex reproductive–metabolic disorder, the hypothalamic–pituitary axis has been the target of first-line ovulation-induction therapy. Clomiphene citrate, a selective estrogen-receptor modulator that antagonizes the negative feedback of estrogen at the hypothalamus with a consequent increase in ovarian stimulation by endogenous gonadotropin, has been used for this indication for decades.
Clomiphene has drawbacks, including its overall poor efficacy (only a . . .
Journal Article
Women in architecture : documents and histories
\"'Women in Architecture' sheds light on how women in all their different roles contribute to architecture, from the past to the present. Despite the essential and varied contributions of women, the narrative surrounding architecture remains deeply rooted in masculinity. Nonetheless, women have played crucial roles throughout architectural history. This publication sheds light on the reasons behind the absence of women in archives and publications, and how that exclusion continues to perpetuate the invisibility of women in architecture today. By bringing together these stories, the publication adds a crucial chapter to the history of architecture in the Netherlands and advocates for greater diversity in the current architectural discourse\"--Back cover
Book
CC-Paper-01 Clinical and electrophysiological profile in a female carrier of the c.3308_3309delAT (p.Tyr1103Serfs7) RPGR variant associated with X-linked cone dystrophy
BackgroundFemale carriers of X-linked conditions display a spectrum of disease, often attributed to skewed X-inactivation during embryogenesis. Herein, we describe the phenotype in a female carrier of c.3308_3309delAT (p.Tyr1103Serfs*7) – a frameshift variant in the basic domain of RPGR, which is associated with X-linked cone dystrophy in hemizygous males.MethodsRetrospective review of ophthalmic examination results, multimodal retinal imaging and functional testing was conducted.ResultsA 71-year-old female was examined due to a diagnosis of RPGR-related cone dystrophy in her son. Visual acuities were clinically normal at 6/6, and refractive error measured -6.50/-2.00x15 and -6.00/-1.50x130 in the right and left eye, respectively. Slit-lamp examination was unremarkable. Retinal imaging showed mild foveal hyper-reflectance with green reflectance (518nm) which colocalised with a hyperreflective outer retinal band observed on SD-OCT. Fundus autofluorescence and ultra-widefield imaging showed no peripheral abnormalities. Cone-mediated mesopic microperimetry revealed a mosaic pattern of reduced macular sensitivity despite normal retinal structure on clinical imaging. Handheld electroretinography measured normal rod responses, while cone responses averaged 71.4% of the lower normal limit, compared to 36% in the male proband. This finding corroborates the stochastic nature of X-inactivation.ConclusionThis case identifies a phenotype consistent with mild cone dysfunction and anatomical changes. Improved understanding of disease manifestations in female carriers is essential to identify affected individuals who may benefit from future gene-targeted therapies.
Journal Article
Lady Tan's circle of women : a novel
\"According to Confucius, \"an educated woman is a worthless woman,\" but Tan Yunxian--born into an elite family, yet haunted by death, separations, and loneliness--is being raised by her grandparents to be of use. Her grandmother is one of only a handful of female doctors in China, and she teaches Yunxian the pillars of Chinese medicine, the Four Examinations--looking, listening, touching, and asking--something a man can never do with a female patient. From a young age, Yunxian learns about women's illnesses, many of which relate to childbearing, alongside a young midwife-in-training, Meiling. The two girls find fast friendship and a mutual purpose--despite the prohibition that a doctor should never touch blood while a midwife comes in frequent contact with it--and they vow to be forever friends, sharing in each other's joys and struggles. No mud, no lotus, they tell themselves: from adversity beauty can bloom. But when Yunxian is sent into an arranged marriage, her mother-in-law forbids her from seeing Meiling and from helping the women and girls in the household. Yunxian is to act like a proper wife--embroider bound-foot slippers, pluck instruments, recite poetry, give birth to sons, and stay forever within the walls of the family compound, the Garden of Fragrant Delights. How might a woman like Yunxian break free of these traditions, go on to treat women and girls from every level of society, and lead a life of such importance that many of her remedies are still used five centuries later? How might the power of friendship support or complicate these efforts?\" -- Provided by publisher.
Book
Weekly Training External Load and Match Demands in Female Futsal Players
While women's futsal has grown significantly in recent years, the weekly training external load and match demands in female futsal players remain underexplored in the literature (Lago-Fuentes, 2020; Armendáriz, 2024; Barreira, 2024). This study aimed to analyse the weekly training external load and match demands in female futsal players during the season. A retrospective descriptive study was designed. Training and match load data, including, acceleration (ACC), decelerations (DEC), and changes of direction (COD) (i.e., all the data was analysed per minute of the effective time), of eight female players (age: 24±4 years old, body mass: 59.9±6.9 kg, body fat: 24.7±4.1%), competing in the 2nd Division of Spain, were collected using an accelerometer device (model: Catapult S7 Vector; Catapult; Melbourne, Australia) during the season 2022-2023. Pre-season period, in-season microcycles without an official competition, and non-official games were excluded from the analysis. All the training and match sessions included warm-up, technical, passing, and finishing drills, small-, medium-, and large-sided futsal games, and physical conditioning training. Throughout the analysed period, players had one official game during the week (e.g., Saturday [N=51 observations] match day [MD]) at \"home\" or \"away\" and trained 3 times per week: Monday (+2 MD) (N=30 observations), Tuesday (-4 MD) (N=38 observations) and Thursday (-2 MD) (N=43 observations) and all the procedures were approved by the Local Ethics Committee with the registration number CE072008 and conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. A statistical package (Jamovi, version 1.8, 2021) and linear mixed model was used for the statistical analysis. Players performed significantly more ACC and COD (total and across all intensities) as well as total and low-intensity DEC actions on MD when compared to +2 MD (p=0.001). In addition, players performed significantly more ACC and COD (total and across all intensities) and total and low-intensity DEC on -4 (p=0.001) and -2 MD (p=0.004) when compared to +2 MD. Non-significant differences were found between MD and -4 MD, however, players performed significantly more total ACC (p=0.021) as well as total (p=0.014) and low-intensity (p=0.017) DEC on MD when compared to -2 MD. Lastly, player did more total DEC (p=0.17), and total (p=0.002) and low- (p=0.008) and high-intensity (p=0.001) COD on -4 MD when compared to -2 MD. In summary, MD, -4 and -2 MD had a significant higher external load when compared to +2 MD. Interestingly, MD did not have any difference with -4 MD, nevertheless when compared to -2 MD players did more ACC and DEC. Furthermore, -4 MD seems to have more DEC and COD when compared to -2 MD.
Journal Article
A Girl ls Born to Be a Scientist
An excerpt from a blog post by Sigma Xi President-elect Dr. Marija Strojnik is presented. Here, she recounts that when she was a young physics student, there were very few other women studying STEM disciplines. She lacked female role models due to the societal standards of the time. There were no female professors in the technical departments at any of the universities that she attended. She felt isolated in classes where the teachers spoke only among men. It took her additional psychological effort to get closer to classmates who were uncertain of her abilities, especially when carrying out laboratory assignments or group projects.
Journal Article
Poster 260: Influence of Donor Demographics on Graft Survival following Knee Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation
Objectives:
To evaluate whether donor and recipient factors such as donor age, sex mismatch, and time from death to graft implantation affect graft survival following knee osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation.
Methods:
Patients undergoing OCA transplantation in the knee from 2003-2016 were prospectively followed. Inclusion criteria consisted of primary OCA transplantation and minimum 2-year follow-up. Patient and donor demographic data were collected. Patients were evaluated for failure, defined as (1) subchondral collapse of the OCA as confirmed on postoperative MRI scans, or via second-look arthroscopy in the setting of persistent symptoms, (2) removal or revision of the primary OCA, or (3) conversion to arthroplasty. Multivariate cox proportional hazards modelling was utilized to evaluate associations between demographic variables and graft failure.
Results:
A total of 220 patients undergoing OCA transplantation met inclusion criteria and were followed for a mean of 5.9 ± 2.8 years (range: 2.0 – 16.3, Table 1). The most common concomitant procedure was meniscal allograft transplantation (Table 2). A mismatch in donor and recipient sex was present for significantly more female patients (65%) than male patients (10%, p < 0.001). The mean days from donor death until implantation was 24.1 days (range: 15 – 28). Thirty-nine patients (18%) met criteria for graft failure at a mean of 4.3 ± 3.2 years (Table 3). Log-rank testing did not determine a difference in survivability between those with a donor-recipient sex mismatch for female or male patients (P = .130 and .831, respectively). Upon multivariate cox regression, no association existed between donor-recipient sex mismatch or time from donor death to implantation with graft survival. Of note, increased donor age was associated with failure for female patients (P = .020) and trended towards significance in males (P = .166).
Conclusions:
OCA graft survival appears to be most strongly influenced by donor age. In contrast to previous historic data, no substantial survival difference was noted for sex mismatched donors and recipients. These data can help inform graft selection and outcome optimization following OCA.
Journal Article