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Though it is often claimed that some general terms are rigid designators, it has turned out to be difficult to give a satisfying definition that (1) avoids making all general terms rigid (the overgeneralization problem), and (2) even if a non-rigid reading is available, makes that non-rigid reading matter (the trivialization problem). Several authors have attempted to develop examples that meet the trivialization challenge, with Martí and Martínez-Fernández providing what is, perhaps, the most convincing strategy. I show that the type of example Martí and Martínez-Fernández offer nevertheless fails to meet the trivialization challenge and, accordingly, that we should still have serious doubts about whether continuing the search for a non-trivial definition of general term rigidity would be fruitful.

A través de este estudio nos acercaremos a las representaciones teatrales cuya temática ahonda en la experiencia vivida en los campos de concentración durante el Holocausto. Entre las obras dedicadas a este tema, centraremos nuestro corpus en dos propuestas: El campo (1968) de la escritora argentina Griselda Gambaro y J´attendrai (2014) del español José Ramón Fernández. Esta elección nos permitirá analizar las particularidades y diferentes formulaciones sobre este tema: la distancia temporal de ambos textos con el hecho histórico; las características de cada contexto de producción (la Argentina dictatorial, la España democrática); el deseo de crítica contra la opresión frente a la reivindicación memorialística; el estilo neovanguardista de Gambaro frente a un realismo poético de Fernández… En definitiva, estos textos nos permitirán observar disímiles formas de recreación estética y temática del horror vivido en los campos de concentración.

The present essay focuses on La colmena científica o el café de Negrín (2010), by José Ramón Fernández, National Prize for Dramatic Literature (2011), a play that is included in the trend of \"theater of memory\". The play vindicates the role of science in the Silver Age, developed thanks to the Board of Extension of Studies (JAE) and shows how the civil war meant the end of all those ideals.

Pandora is the largest ad-supported audio entertainment streaming service in the US. Pandora provides consumers with a uniquely personalized music and podcast listening experience with its proprietary Music Genome Project and Podcast Genome Project technology. Pandora is also the leading digital audio advertising platform in the US. Through its own Pandora service, its AdsWizz platform, and third-party services, such as SoundCloud, the company connects brands to the largest ad-supported streaming audio marketplace in the country. Pandora is available through its mobile app, on the web at www.pandora.com, and integrations with more than 2,000 connected products. Pandora is a subsidiary of Sirius XM and it generates nearly a quarter of its parent's revenue.

A former Southern California school superintendent who made more than $600,000 in a year has been charged with a dozen counts of corruption.

Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (FHLBNY) is a federally chartered corporation exempt from federal, state and local taxes except local real property taxes. It is one of eleven district Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBanks). The company provides funds for residential mortgages and community development to more than 6,500 financial institutions in New York, New Jersey, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands. It is cooperatively owned by its member institutions and supervised by the Federal Housing Finance Agency, the independent Federal regulator of the FHLBanks, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) and the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae).

Until the 1950s, the first results in the studies of calcitonin-thyrocalcitonin were ignored in the accepted research scheme. However, it was José Fernández Nonídez from the Spanish School of Histology, died in Augusta (Georgia, USA) in 1947, whose expertise in the parafollicular cells of the mammalian thyroid had led him to an advanced understanding of this separate endocrine organ, which secretes calcitonin. The antecedent of the secretion was present in the cytoplasm of these cells, which Nonídez explained in a paper published in 1932.In 1973, a Spanish group from the Instituto Gregorio Marañón (Madrid) leading the research into the ectopic production of calcitonin identified the precursor responsible for its biosynthesis. Nonetheless, given the informal power in connection with the communication between the scientists, this significative contribution was absolutely discarded in terms of acknowledgment within their social circle. The services responsible for dissemination of scientific knowledge considered that priority should be given to another group of young scientists dedicated to pro-calcitonin evidence.The nature and extent of informal communication are highlighted in countries with different measures to guarantee the autonomy and independence of their state powers. Irrespectively of political circumstances, the paper is focused on the competition between two different approaches in science particularly important for progress in medicine: the perspective presented by experimental studies in basic sciences (in animals) and the models developed in clinical sciences.Do lat 50. XX w. nie uwzględniano w przyjętym schemacie badawczym pierwszych dowodów przemawiających za istnieniem kalcytoniny-tyrokalcytoniny. Jednakże, znajomość przez José Fernándeza Nonídeza (z hiszpańskiej szkoły histologii, który zmarł w Augusta (Georgia, USA) w 1947 r.) komórek pęcherzykowych tarczycy ssaków doprowadziła go do zaawansowanego rozumienia tarczycy jako odrębnego narządu endokrynnego, wydzielającego kalcytoninę. W artykule opublikowanym w 1932 r. Nonídez wyjaśnił, że prekursor wydzielania znajdował się w cytoplazmie komórek tarczycy.W 1973 r. hiszpańska grupa z Instituto Gregorio Marañón (Madryt), prowadząca badania nad ektopowym wydzielaniem kalcytoniny, zidentyfikowała prekursora odpowiedzialnego za biosyntezę kalcytoniny. Niemniej jednak, biorąc pod uwagę nieformalną władzę związaną z komunikacją między naukowcami, znaczący wkład Nonídeza został absolutnie odrzucony i nie zdobył uznania w tej grupie społecznej. Upowszechnianie usług wiedzy naukowej spowodowało, że przyznano priorytet odkrycia grupie młodych naukowców zajmujących się badaniami pro-kalcytoniny.Podkreślono charakter i zakres nieformalnej komunikacji w krajach, które wykorzystują różne środki dla zagwarantowania autonomii i niezależności uprawnień państwowych.Niezależnie od uwarunkowań politycznych artykuł koncentruje się na konkurencji między dwoma różnymi podejściami w nauce, szczególnie ważnymi dla postępu w medycynie: perspektywą przedstawioną w badaniach eksperymentalnych w naukach podstawowych (u zwierząt) i modelach opracowanych w naukach klinicznych.

Jose Abrantes Fernandez, a former Cuban Interior Minister who was serving a 20-year prison sentence for negligence and misuse of Government funds, died of a heart attack today, the official Communist Party newspaper Granma said. He was in his late 50's.