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Traditional Festivals and COVID-19: Event Management and Digitalization in Times of Physical Distancing
The purpose of this research is to find out how the organization of events adapted to the COVID-19 lockdown and how digital transformation can be a solution for events when physical distancing is required. Using a qualitative approach based on case studies, the paper analyzes the changes in the organization of traditional festivals during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, focusing on the Spain’s five most populated cities. Complementary to the study, in-depth interviews were conducted with the heads of Protocol and Institutional Relations of the city councils in charge of organizing these events. The results show that, while some festivals were postponed, others were redesigned to be held without an audience, enhancing live streaming, strengthening communication through social media, and offering virtual tours. COVID-19 has been a catalyst for event digitalization. The existence as yet of only a small amount of scientific literature on how COVID-19 has impacted event and festival management makes this research a relevant contribution. This work provides insights for events crisis and emergency risk management, as well as for the digital transformation of festivals. The study highlights the need for contingency plans for organizing events in situations that require physical distancing and how online tools and virtual events can be part of this solution.
Journal Article
Heritage and festivals in Europe : performing identities
'Heritage and Festivals in Europe' critically investigates the purpose, reach and effects of heritage festivals. Providing a comprehensive and detailed analysis of comparatively selected aspects of intangible cultural heritage, the volume demonstrates how such heritage is mobilised within events that have specific agency, particularly in the production and consumption of intrinsic and instrumental benefits for tourists, local communities and performers. Bringing together experts from a wide range of disciplines, the volume presents case studies from across Europe that consider many different varieties of heritage festivals.
Book
Mass gatherings medicine: public health issues arising from mass gathering religious and sporting events
Mass gathering events are associated with major public health challenges. The 2014 Lancet Series on the new discipline of mass gatherings medicine was launched at the World Health Assembly of Ministers of Health in Geneva in May, 2014. The Series covered the planning and surveillance systems used to monitor public health risks, public health threats, and experiences of health-care providers from mass gathering events in 2012 and 2013. This follow-up Review focuses on the main public health issues arising from planned mass gathering events held between 2013 and 2018. We highlight public health and research data on transmission of infectious diseases and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, mass casualty incidents, and non-communicable diseases, including thermal disorders. In the events discussed in this Review, the combination of a large influx of people, many from countries with outbreak-prone infectious diseases, with a high degree of crowd interactions imposed substantial burdens on host countries' health systems. The detection and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in pilgrims attending the Kumbh Mela and the Hajj raise concern of possible globalisation from mass-gathering religious events. Priorities for further investments and opportunities for research into prevention, surveillance, and management of these public health issues are discussed.
Journal Article
Festival places
Festivals have burgeoned in rural areas, revitalising old traditions and inventing new reasons to celebrate. How do festivals contribute to tourism, community and a rural sense of belonging? What are their cultural, environmental and economic dimensions? This book features contributions from researchers who answer such questions.
eBook
Events and Urban Regeneration
In recent years, major sporting and cultural events such as the Olympic Games have emerged as significant elements of public policy, particularly in efforts to achieve urban regeneration. As well as opportunities arising from new venues, these events are viewed as a way of stimulating investment, gaining civic engagement and publicizing progress to assist the urban regeneration process more generally. However, the pursuit of regeneration involving events is a practice that is poorly understood, controversial and risky.
Events and Urban Regeneration is the first book dedicated to the use of events in regeneration. It explores the relationship between events and regeneration by analyzing a range of cities and a range of sporting and cultural events projects. It considers various theoretical perspectives to provide insight into why major events are important to contemporary cites. It examines the different ways that events can assist regeneration, as well as problems and issues associated with this unconventional form of public policy. It identifies key issues faced by those tasked with using events to assist regeneration and suggests how practices could be improved in the future.
The book adopts a multi-disciplinary perspective, drawing together ideas from the geography, urban planning and tourism literatures, as well as from the emerging events and regeneration fields. It illustrates arguments with a range of international case studies placed within and at the end of chapters to show positive outcomes that have been achieved and examples of high profile failures.
This timely book is essential reading for students and practitioners who are interested in events, urban planning, urban geography and tourism.
eBook
Crowding as Codestruction in Festivals: Scale, Cocreation, and Transformation in La Mucada, Mallorca
Transformational community festivals thrive on the active participation of multiple stakeholders as cocreators. However, maintaining such cocreative participation becomes increasingly challenging when festivals grow, creating a paradox. The feature that initially makes transformational
festivals attractive-the possibility of an autonomous, heterotopic festival space for cocreation-is threatened by the festival's success. This article investigates the impact of scale on transformative cocreative festival spaces. Using the example of the new festive traditions
of La Mucada in Mallorca, this article asks why cocreative participation is more difficult when festivals become commodified and crowded. Overcrowding is a critical barrier to cocreation and an example of codestruction in festivals. However, its negative impact, particularly on participation
and generational change, is not well understood. To thrive, autonomous festivals must address the sociality of crowds as a positive experience and avoid reducing creativity to an individual process, instead promoting collective cocreation.
Journal Article
Constraints and Facilitators, Universal Design and Event Experience: Accessibility of Facilities at a Food Festival
Accessibility barriers in festivals inhibit engaging festival experiences for the general public. This study aimed to examine the accessibility of facilities at the Macau Food Festival (MFF) by applying the theories of leisure constraints and facilitators, leisure negotiation and Universal Design (UD) principles. Participant observation and qualitative semi-structured interviews with 25 festival participants were conducted. Findings revealed mixed perceptions of the facilities. Several aspects such as unclear festival layout and insufficient toilets were contrary to UD principles and constrained visitors’ engagement. However, online payment devices and shuttle buses facilitated festival engagement. Accessibility played an important role in influencing visitors’ experiences and behavioural outcomes such as revisit intention, word-of-mouth, and leisure negotiation strategies. This study provides a new approach for evaluating the accessibility of facilities in food festivals. Practical implications regarding accessibility of festival and event facilities are suggested along with numerous avenues for future research.
Journal Article
Event and festival research: a review and research directions
[...]in conjunction with tourism, they are becoming a realistic policy option for regional development (Moscardo, 2007; Robinson et al., 2004). According to Getz (2013), there are five core propositions of event tourism: events can attract visitors who may not otherwise visit the area; events can create a positive destination image and branding; events contribute to place marketing by making destinations more attractive; events animate cities, resorts and parks; and event tourism is a catalyst for other forms of development. [...]while festivals have unique features and cultural dimensions which are also important factors for attracting tourists, the importance of exercising caution when using tangible or intangible historic and cultural resources for festival activities seems to be less acknowledged. [...]while the potential benefits of festivals have been clearly outlined, research appears to be lacking in terms of truly comprehending how best to achieve these desired benefits. [...]market segmentation studies occur frequently in the festival literature, yet as most are case study based, they are failing to make generalisable contributions to our knowledge of this area.
Journal Article
Visiting Friends and Relatives Travel: Unveiling Hidden Drivers Behind Festival Attendance and Experience
This research note unveils a pivotal, yet underexplored, aspect of festival attendance: the impact of Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR) travel. Employing data from a 2019 attendee survey at the Taste of Little Italy Festival, Toronto, it reveals that 23.3% of respondents were engaged in VFR travel, exhibiting higher spending, yet often providing lower evaluations of their festival experience. The nuanced relationship between VFR travel, spending patterns, and festival experience opens a new avenue for exploration for festival researchers and practitioners. This note aims to encourage festival researchers and practitioners to consider the implications of VFR. A more comprehensive understanding of this topic could reveal strategies to engage this stable demand source, influencing not only event management strategies but also enhancing cultural engagement and community attachment. The note underscores the opportunity for festivals to engage residents and their visitors to optimize both economic and experiential outcomes.
Journal Article