Explore the vast range of titles available.

A new computational procedure to resolve the contribution of Photosystem I (PSI) and Photosystem II (PSII) to the leaf chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectra at room temperature has been developed. It is based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the leaf fluorescence emission spectra measured during the OI photochemical phase of fluorescence induction kinetics. During this phase, we can assume that only two spectral components are present, one of which is constant (PSI) and the other variable in intensity (PSII). Application of the PCA method to the measured fluorescence emission spectra of Ficus benjamina L. evidences that the temporal variation in the spectra can be ascribed to a single spectral component (the first principal component extracted by PCA), which can be considered to be a good approximation of the PSII fluorescence emission spectrum. The PSI fluorescence emission spectrum was deduced by difference between measured spectra and the first principal component. A single-band spectrum for the PSI fluorescence emission, peaked at about 735 nm, and a 2-band spectrum with maxima at 685 and 740 nm for the PSII were obtained. A linear combination of only these two spectral shapes produced a good fit for any measured emission spectrum of the leaf under investigation and can be used to obtain the fluorescence emission contributions of photosystems under different conditions. With the use of our approach, the dynamics of energy distribution between the two photosystems, such as state transition, can be monitored in vivo, directly at physiological temperatures. Separation of the PSI and PSII emission components can improve the understanding of the fluorescence signal changes induced by environmental factors or stress conditions on plants.

The increasing occurrence of heatwaves has intensified temperature stress on terrestrial vegetation. Here, we investigate how two contrasting isoprene-emitting tropical species, Ficus benjamina and Pachira aquatica, cope with heat stress and assess the role of internal plant carbon sources for isoprene biosynthesis in relation to thermotolerance. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report isoprene emissions from P. aquatica. We exposed plants to two levels of heat stress and determined the temperature response curves for isoprene and photosynthesis. To assess the use of internal C sources in isoprene biosynthesis, plants were fed with 13C position-labelled pyruvate. F. benjamina was more heat tolerant with higher constitutive isoprene emissions and stronger acclimation to higher temperatures than P. aquatica, which showed higher induced isoprene emissions at elevated temperatures. Under heat stress, both isoprene emissions and the proportion of cytosolic pyruvate allocated into isoprene synthesis increased. This represents a mechanism that P. aquatica, and to a lesser extent F. benjamina, has adopted as an immediate response to sudden increase in heat stress. However, in the long run under prolonged heat, the species with constitutive emissions (F. benjamina) was better adapted, indicating that plants that invest more carbon into protective emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds tend to suffer less from heat stress.

Light quality critically affects plant development and growth. Development of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) enables the use of narrow band red and/or blue wavelengths as supplementary lighting in ornamental production. Yet, long periods under these wavelengths will affect leaf morphology and physiology. Leaf anatomy, stomatal traits, and stomatal conductance, leaf hydraulic conductance (K ), and photosynthetic efficiency were investigated in three ornamental pot plants, namely (monocot), (dicot, evergreen leaves), and (dicot, deciduous leaves) after 8 weeks under LED light. Four light treatments were applied at 100 μmol m s and a photoperiod of 16 h using 100% red (R), 100% blue (B), 75% red with 25% blue (RB), and full spectrum white light (W), respectively. B and RB resulted in a greater maximum quantum yield (F /F ) and quantum efficiency (Φ ) in all species compared to R and W and this correlated with a lower biomass under R. B increased the stomatal conductance compared with R. This increase was linked to an increasing stomatal index and/or stomatal density but the stomatal aperture area was unaffected by the applied light quality. Leaf hydraulic conductance (K ) was not significantly affected by the applied light qualities. Blue light increased the leaf thickness of , and a relative higher increase in palisade parenchyma was observed. Also in , increase in palisade parenchyma was found under B and RB, though total leaf thickness was not affected. Palisade parenchyma tissue thickness was correlated to the leaf photosynthetic quantum efficiency (Φ ). In conclusion, the role of blue light addition in the spectrum is essential for the normal anatomical leaf development which also impacts the photosynthetic efficiency in the three studied species.

Industrial dye pollution poses a significant environmental threat, particularly from azo dyes like Reactive Yellow S3R (RY S3R), which are resistant to conventional treatment methods. This study investigates the efficacy of green-synthesized copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), via Ficus Benjamina leaves, for removing RY S3R from aqueous solutions. The innovative adsorbent Ficus Benjamina nano zero-valent copper (Ficus-nZVCu) was described using SEM, EDAX, and FTIR. Batch adsorption studies assessed the impact of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and starting concentration on elimination efficiency. Several adsorption models were tested, and the Langmuir isotherm (q max = 136.986 mg g − 1 , R 2  = 0.9992) revealed the best fit, suggesting monolayer adsorption. Chemisorption was indicated by the pseudo-second-order model (R 2  = 0.9993), which was validated by the kinetic analysis. Owing to its redox activity, the green Ficus-nZVCu adsorbent is a promising material for eliminating RYS3R in light of the data acquired and the fruitful research. The impact of major operational parameters was validated using artificial neural network models and response surface methods. According to this study, green-synthesized CuNPs can effectively and safely treat dye-contaminated wastewater.

The bimetallic nickel oxide/manganese oxide nanocomposite (NiO/MnO 2 NC) was prepared for the first time using a one-pot plant-mediated route and applied for the adsorption of malachite green (MG) dye from aqueous media compared with the monometallic nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs). The materials were characterized by TGA, FTIR, XRD, EDX, SEM, TEM, and BET analyses. The adsorption parameters, including pH, MG initial concentration, agitation time, adsorbent mass, and temperature, were systematically studied. The results indicated a significant effect of all parameters on the MG removal percent, attaining 90.4% by NiO NPs and 99.64% by NiO/MnO 2 NC within 60 min. The experimental data are best fitted by the Freundlich model for NiO NPs and the Langmuir model for NiO/MnO 2 NC, having maximum adsorption capacities of 39.84 and 208.3 mg/g, respectively. This can be attributed to the higher surface area of NiO/MnO 2 NC (143.65 m 2 /g) than NiO NPs (3.75 m 2 /g), as well as the presence of different metal atoms in the nanocomposite, which form unique adsorption sites with variable energies, thereby improving adsorption. Although the pseudo-second-order kinetic model more accurately describes kinetics, isotherm models, particularly the D-R isotherm model, show that physisorption is the primary mechanism. The combined data point to a multi-mechanistic adsorption process, with physisorption being the primary mechanism.The thermodynamic findings displayed that MG adsorption process is spontaneous, feasible, and endothermic. Both adsorbents are stable after five adsoption cycles, and the MG adsorption is mainly due to electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonds, and π-π stacking. These results conclude that NiO/MnO 2 NC is a better alternative to NiO NPs for removing MG, providing insights into designing more efficient adsorbents for dye removal in the water treatment systems.

The genus Ficus is an evergreen plant, the most numerous species in the family Moraceae, and is often used as a food and pharmacy source. The phylogenetic relationships of the genus Ficus have been debated for many years due to the overlapping phenotypic characters and morphological similarities between the genera. In this study, the eight Ficus species (Ficus altissima, Ficus auriculata, Ficus benjamina, Ficus curtipes, Ficus heteromorpha, Ficus lyrata, Ficus microcarpa, and Ficus virens) complete chloroplast (cp) genomes were successfully sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were made with other Ficus species. The result showed that the eight Ficus cp genomes ranged from 160,333 bp (F. heteromorpha) to 160,772 bp (F. curtipes), with a typical quadripartite structure. It was found that the eight Ficus cp genomes had similar genome structures, containing 127 unique genes. The cp genomes of the eight Ficus species contained 89–104 SSR loci, which were dominated by mono-nucleotides repeats. Moreover, we identified eight hypervariable regions (trnS-GCU_trnG-UCC, trnT-GGU_psbD, trnV-UAC_trnM-CAU, clpP_psbB, ndhF_trnL-UAG, trnL-UAG_ccsA, ndhD_psaC, and ycf1). Phylogenetic analyses have shown that the subgenus Ficus and subgenus Synoecia exhibit close affinities and based on the results, we prefer to merge the subgenus Synoecia into the subgenus Ficus. At the same time, new insights into the subgeneric classification of the Ficus macrophylla were provided. Overall, these results provide useful data for further studies on the molecular identification, phylogeny, species identification and population genetics of speciation in the Ficus genus.

Oxidative-stress-induced neuronal injury is a major contributor to neurodegenerative diseases, underscoring the need for novel neuroprotective strategies. Natural products with antioxidant and mitochondrial-stabilizing properties are increasingly recognized as promising multi-target therapeutics. L., a member of the Moraceae family, is rich in flavonoids and traditionally used in Asian ethnomedicine for wound healing, inflammation, and weakness, with related Ficus species documented in the ( ) for circulation and detoxification disorders. However, its neuroprotective potential has not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we explored the neuroprotective potential of a flavonoid-enriched 80% methanolic leaf extract of by evaluating its capacity to mitigate oxidative stress in neuronal cells and a murine optic nerve crush (ONC) injury model. We observed in SH-SY5Y cells that cell viability was preserved after pre-treatment using the extract, mitochondrial respiration and the membrane potential were maintained, and gene expression was modulated by upregulation of (B-cell lymphoma 2), ( ), X) (Superoxide Dismutase), (Catalase), and (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor). Intravitreal delivery of the extract in vivo resulted in a marked increase in the survival of retinal ganglion cells following ONC injury. Caffeic acid, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside were identified as major constituents in phytochemical profiling. These results indicate that exerts multi-target neuroprotective actions, mediated via mitochondrial regulation, enhancement of antioxidation defenses, and modulation of apoptotic pathways. The findings also substantiate the contemporary pharmacological relevance underscoring the ethnomedicinal use of species and highlight the potential of as a promising candidate for developing integrative therapeutic approaches to target neurodegenerative diseases driven by oxidative stress.

The existence of Ficus spp in shrubs areas which is a type of pioneer tree is not widely known so this research aims to obtain information on the distribution and association of Ficus spp. in the shrubs area of Gunung Ciremai National Park. Collecting data using purposive sampling method which then made sample plots with an area of 0.04 hectares each of 73 plots. The results of this study were there were 10 types of Ficus spp, including Ficus hispida, Ficus fistulosa, Ficus variegate, Ficus padana, Ficus septica, Ficus ribes, Ficus calophylla, Ficus benjamina, Ficus ampelas, and Ficus sp. They are spread from an altitude of 726 - 912 m asl. The most individuals found were Ficus hispida (77 individuals) and Ficus fistulosa (67 individuals). Of the 45 pairs there are 10 pairs that are significantly different or associated, 2 are positively associated and 8 pairs are negatively associated. This information is very important for area rehabilitation activities, especially in shrubs areas

In the present study, the applicability of four wide-spectrum light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting warm light (AP67, AP673L, G2, and NS1) was determined for the micropropagation of five popular ornamental plant species: Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum, Gerbera jamesonii, Heuchera × hybrida, Ficus benjamina, and Lamprocapnos spectabilis. Plantlets were grown in a growth room with a 16-h photoperiod. The photosynthetic photon flux density was set at 62-65 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹. The composition of the media and subculture timing were adjusted to the needs of each species tested. The results were compared to the cool daylight-emitting fluorescent (FL) control (TLD 36W/54). In most of the species studied (except for F. benjamina), the highest propagation ratios, or ratios similar to the FL control, were observed under the red- and far-red-abundant G2 LEDs. NS1 spectrum (with the highest proportion of blue and green light) was also efficient for G. jamesonii and L. spectabilis, and it provided a similar propagation ratio as the FL control. Light quality affected shoot length, number of leaves, callus regeneration, and the biosynthesis of chlorophyll. This influence, however, was species-dependent. Lighting conditions did not affect the dry matter and rooting in most of the species tested, except for G. jamesonii. The substitution of FLs with G2 LEDs can result in a 50% reduction of annual electricity costs, while the application of NS1 lamps can generate savings of up to 75%. In conclusion, the G2 LED lighting system seemed to be the most suitable in terms of propagation efficiency, plantlet quality, and cost reduction.

Ficus benjamina is a common park tree, with previous reports of some medicinal properties. In this work, we identified and explored phytochemicals from F. benjamina for potential antimicrobial, pro-wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, and effect on cancer cell lines’ proliferation, both experimentally and bioinformatically. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was performed to identify the volatile compounds. The nonvolatile active components of the extract were identified by HPLC and LC-ESI-MS. We found that some drug-resistant microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia marcescens, and Salmonella enteritidis) were inhibited by the extract, the 80% fraction, and all the identified flavonoids except quercetin 3-O-rutinoside. Furthermore, the extract and above-mentioned compound also inhibited the growth of biofilm-producing bacterium. The extract and 80% fraction were very potent (p < 0.001) at inducing death of MCF7 and U87 cancer cell cultures and were more effective in that than the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin which served as a positive control. Additionally, the extract of F. benjamina, the 80% fraction, and selected phytochemicals had pronounced pro-wound-healing properties. Finally, the extracts, the 80% fraction, caffeic acid, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, and kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside significantly inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this comprehensive research revealed convincing and promising indications of significant therapeutic potential of a F. benjamina extract and its active phytochemicals.