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Research Framework : In Quebec, a child conceived through a surrogate pregnancy has initially as parents the woman who gave birth to him and the man (or one of the men) who instigated the parental project. To establish filiation with the non-statutory parent, adoption by special consent has been the route used for many years.Objectives : This article aims to identify the issues that the use of adoption by special consent as a modality of affiliation in the context of surrogacy can generate during pregnancy and at the time of delivery, but also in the organization of family life in the postnatal period.Methodology: The data presented are drawn from two qualitative research studies that gathered the experiences of people directly involved in a surrogacy arrangement through individual interviews. Forty-seven participants (n = 47) were interviewed, including twelve heterosexual parents, seventeen gay fathers, and eighteen surrogates. Data were subjected to secondary analysis by thematization.Results: The results are broken down into three moments that punctuate the surrogacy process: 1) the intended parents’ sense of filiation and the surrogates’ refusal of maternal status, expressed as soon as the parental project is formulated and reiterated during the pregnancy; 2) the designation of the legal mother at the time of delivery; and 3) the families’ experience of public institutions in the postnatal period.Conclusions : The period of uncertainty leading up to adoption by special consent weakens the experience of the intended parents that we encountered, in addition to entailing risks for the surrogates and the children thus born in the event of conflicts or dissolution of the agreement.Contribution : The use of adoption by special consent in the context of surrogacy has been studied mainly from a legal perspective, through the study of family law judgments. This study allowed us to understand the issues underlying this form of affiliation, which has been used for some time in Quebec in the absence of a legal framework for surrogacy.

Research Framework: This article looks at informal intra-family adoptions in French Polynesia and in Kiriwina, Papua New Guinea.Objectives : It provides a cross-cultural analysis framework of the different forms of children’s circulation. Methodology: The observations and interviews analyzed are based on two ethnographic surveys. My analysis of the life trajectories of people involved in adoptions is connected to the literature on the circulation of children and recent work in the anthropology of kinship.Results: Informal intra-family adoptions are characterized by the existence of a kinship relationship between birth parents and adoptive parents, and the absence of a legal framework. The term informal refers to the flexibility and versatility of the kinning process. This process has a material dimension, and is constructed through parental work, economic transactions and transmission practices. Its temporality, essential to its understanding, is not linear: adoptions can be undone and some biographical periods are conducive to undoing or forging adoptive ties. Relatedness also involves discourse, and in particular the adoption story, which produces intentionality and expresses affects.Conclusion : In the absence of formalized filiation, informal adoptions are based on an accumulation of acts, material and symbolic, punctual and regular, performed by parents, other family members and the children themselves. These actions produce attachment.Contribution : This article draws on a description of contemporary adoptive practices in two different Pacific societies to develop a transversal analytical proposal that contributes to the comparative study of the circulation of children as well as to the conceptualization of kinship.

Research framework: In the most recent revision of the French bioethics laws (2018-2019), the Catholic Church has been very active in regards to a most controversial issue that is the access to ART for lesbian couples and single women. Objectives: This article explores how the Catholic procreative norms, which are considered by the magisterium as the way of becoming a parent, are translated in a secular argument. Methodology: Drawing on an ethnographic survey of public debates that preceded and accompanied the present revision of the bioethics law, this article is using two types of data. On the one hand, observations were made during the “États généraux de la bioéthique” that were held between January and May 2018 and, on the other hand, an analysis of the proposals was undertaken by means of their website. Interventions in the media and documents produced by the Catholic Church were also compiled and analyzed. Results: The Roman Magisterium seeks to show that its recommendations in respect to family matters are not based on faith but rather on the correct understanding of nature’s mechanisms. To enforce its discourse, the Church employs a rhetoric invoking the secular library. Conclusions: In this context, the French Catholic mobilization against access to ART for lesbian couples and single women is trying to prevent a law change by referring to so-called traditional values and defending them in the name of secular principles. This can be interpreted as the expression of an “ostensible” (Hervieu-Léger, 2017), in which Catholic norms no longer permeate reproductive rights. Contribution: By endeavouring to impose its procreative norms as well as its condemnation of contraception and abortion, the French Catholic Church resorts to secular norms which demonstrates the secularization of Catholicism.

Charts new trends in gender studies through a compelling analysis of Igbo society. Prior to European colonialism, Igboland, a region in Nigeria, was a nonpatriarchal, nongendered society governed by separate but interdependent political systems for men and women. In the last one hundred fifty years, the Igbo family has undergone vast structural changes in response to a barrage of cultural forces. Critically rereading social practices and oral and written histories of Igbo women and the society, Nkiru Uwechia Nzegwu demonstrates how colonial laws, edicts, and judicial institutions facilitated the creation of gender inequality in Igbo society. Nzegwu exposes the unlikely convergence of Western feminist and African male judges' assumptions about \"traditional\" African values where women are subordinate and oppressed. Instead she offers a conception of equality based on historical Igbo family structures and practices that challenges the epistemological and ontological bases of Western feminist inquiry.

Research Framework: In a context characterized by new possibilities for parenthood within societies where family structures are becoming increasingly diverse, the issue of knowing one's origins is currently provoking intense political, social and scientific debates. These debates are emblematic of a more general movement that reflects a growing interest in the question of origins within contemporary patterns of family configuration, whether created by adoption or assisted reproduction. The concept of origins is thus a particularly relevant window shedding light on current social and political issues surrounding the future of adoption, the conditions for assisted reproduction through donation, the legislative framework of surrogacy and the application of biogenetic knowledge, as well as an opportunity to analyze contemporary reconfigurations of kinship and family links.Objectives: To identify the primary issues underlying the discourse on personal origins by outlining the context from which it emerged, and by bringing together the various disciplinary approaches to define its parameters.Methodology: This article is based on the various authors' contributions in this issue, as well as on theoretical and empirical studies that show how the concept of origins is used by those involved in adoption and assisted reproduction. The comparative perspective is chosen for this article.Results: The focus on origins reveals a profound evolution linked to the growing dissociation of procreation from kinship, which appear to be leading to the emergence of \"new\" relationships and actors. The rapid advancement of reproductive technologies is broadening the circumstances, already present in adoption, in which people have children but do not become parents in the legal sense, remaining \"at the edges\" of kinship.Conclusions: The concept of origins provides a particularly rich field for examining current representations and interpretations of the individuals associated with it (birth \"parents\" in adoption, egg and sperm donors, women who have carried a child for others), the narratives that shape them, and the place they occupy (or their absence) in the accounts of those who are adopted or are born through surrogacy.Contribution: This article brings a theoretical and heuristic approach to the concept of origins and demonstrates its relevance for examining the multiple relational realities created by current family arrangements. The articles in this issue all contribute to this examination by reflecting in complementary ways on the question of parentage.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the ability and willingness of dentists to work during the COVID-19 pandemic and the effect of this situation on occupational burnout. A 51-question survey, including demographic and pandemic questions and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), was used as a data collection method and administered to dentists in Turkey via the internet in two stages. A link to the survey (onlineanketler.com) was sent to the participants by e-mail or social media (WhatsApp©). A total of 442 dentists in the first stage and 264 dentists in the second stage answered the questionnaire. The second stage of the survey only applied to dentists who are assigned within the scope of COVID-19 measures in Turkey. Standard descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, independent samples t test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Most of the participants showed higher stress levels. Occupational burnout levels of participants according to filiation service (serve/FP, did not serve/FN) were 34.4% and 17.6%, respectively. The FP group showed significantly higher stress levels than the FN group. It is important to consider how these results, collected during an infectious disease epidemic, reflect the effects of psychological distress and burnout on dental staff.Trial Registration Number and Date of Registration: NCT04605692–10/27/2020.

Human beings exist in one of two sorts of solidarity, according to St. Paul—the solidarity of sin or alienation ‘in Adam’ or the solidarity of life-giving mutuality in Christ. There can be no Christian theology of the human that is not a theology of communion—which converges with the conviction that our creation in the divine image is creation in relationality. The image of God is not a portion or aspect of human existence but a fundamental orientation towards relation. This understanding of the divine image in turn points to the way in which—as the Orthodox theologian Vladimir Lossky stresses—a proper understanding of the nature of being depends upon a proper grasp of the divine image, including the fact that it is always an image of the divine ‘filiation’—the eternal relation of Word to the Father in the Trinity. Our personal flourishing is a filial dependence that liberates and empowers. And what is ‘empowered’ is the human vocation to make reconciled sense of the material world of which we are part, articulating and serving its Godward meaning, so that we may see our humanity as essentially a priestly calling within the reconciling priesthood of Christ, in whom all things cohere.

This paper examines the role played by leaders figures from the Moroccan diaspora as potential instruments of legitimation for the Moroccan state and traditional elites, not just on an international scale and among the Moroccan communities living abroad, but also on a domestic level. Through the case study of specific events that happened to two prominent figures from the Moroccan community in Spain – rapper and songwriter Morad and football player Achraf Hakimi – in 2022, it analyses the legitimation strategies – cooption or coercion – that the Moroccan state employs to ensure that the stance taken in terms of politics and identity, as well as the cultural production, of leaders figures from the diaspora are aligned with its interests and principles at all times.

Research framework: Adoption has existed for many years as an institution that promotes family ties, taking forms that vary based on place, culture and time. However, the ways in which the social actors involved use adoption reveal specific conceptions of the child, the family, affiliations and family relationships. Objectives: This issue aims to identify the evolution of certain social and legislative adoption practices and to discuss the family and identity realities associated with adoption, in order to provide an analysis of how it has changed over time.Methodology: The articles in this issue highlight the many aspects of adoption: not only does it affect a number of different actors (adopters, adoptees and parents of origin), but it also raises concerns and questions of a social, legal and family nature.Results: Adoption is a subject of study at the intersection of several disciplines, including law, anthropology, sociology, psychology and social work. The various cases discussed in this issue also illustrate the importance of reflecting on the implications of adoption for individuals, families and society as a whole.Conclusions: The cases cited in these articles illustrate the need to approach adoption from a dynamic perspective that takes into account the evolution, contexts and changes involved in all the issues associated with it.Contribution: This issue is intended to stimulate reflection, both now and in the future.

Este articulo analiza como los autores Félicité Herzog y Marina Picasso refutan la imagen publica de su padre y abuello, el excepcional alpinista Maurice Herzog y el gran artista Pablo Picasso en dos ‘‘récits de filiation’’, Un héros y Grand-père. En primer lugar, demuestro que aunque sus acusaciones revelan un comportamiento cruel de estas figuras famosas con su familia, también le ayudan a comprender su sufrimiento durante su infancia. En segundo lugar, demuestro que ambos autores admiten que Maurice Herzog y Pablo Picasso eran victimas de su celebridad y por lo tanto los disculpan en parte. Al final, aunque los autores rechazan la filiación del hombre corrupto por su celebridad, aceptan la filiación del padre alpinista excepcional y del abuelo artista novator.