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The article is devoted to research work, in which an attempt is made to apply the Blaine apparatus for direct assessment of filterability of different materials. In the theoretical part of the article the main laws linking the Blaine index of the powder material and the average specific cake resistance are described. A number of experiments with materials taken from actual operating plants are carried out. To determine the Blaine-index the laboratory Blaine apparatus is used and standard tests of filterability on the batch pressure filter is used to determine the average specific cake resistance. As a result of processing experimental data and the necessary calculations direct relations between the Blaine-index and average specific cake resistance are obtained.

Neuroprosthetics equipped with artificial synapses hold promise to address some most intricate medical problems, such as human sensory disorders. Yet, it is necessitated and of paramount importance for neuroprosthetics to be able to differentiate significant and insignificant signals. Here, we present an information-filterable artificial retina system that integrates artificial synapses with a signal-integration device for signal perception and processing with attention. The synaptic weight modulation is rendered through metal–organic framework (MOF) layers, where distinct short-term and long-term properties are predominantly determined by MOF’s pore diameter and functionality. Specifically, four types of isoreticular Zr-based MOFs that share Zr 6 O 4 (OH) 4 secondary building units have been systematically examined. It is demonstrated that small pore diameters enhance short-term properties, while large pores, which are characterized by increased ion affinity, sustain long-term properties. Moreover, we demonstrated a 6 × 6 pixel artificial retina by incorporating both short-term and long-term artificial synapses with a signal-integration device. Signal summation by the signal-integration device enables attention-based information processing. The information-filterable artificial retina system developed here emulates human perception processes and holds promise in the fields of neuroprosthetics and advanced artificial intelligence. The authors demonstrate an information-filterable artificial retina system for signal perception and processing with attention, using metal-organic framework-based artificial synapses. They show enhanced short-term properties with small pores and long-term properties sustained by large pores and high ion affinity.

Three industrial Eucalyptus globulus acid sulphite dissolving pulps of different intrinsic viscosity (ca. 490–570 cm3/g) with similar xylan content (2.4–3.0%) were partially (ca. 60%) converted to cellulose II by treatment with 12% NaOH and hornified by drying for 8 h at 105 °C to induce changes in physical structure. All three initial and modified pulps were analysed on their Fock reactivity method and Chinese filterability. These dissolving pulps were also examined for the crystallinity degree and the crystallite dimensions assessed by wide-angle X-ray scattering and the fibril aggregation assessed by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. The results showed that the reactivity of the dissolving pulp was negatively correlated with the degree of cellulose crystallinity and depended almost linearly on the lateral dimension of the fibril and the dimensions of the fibril aggregates. In hornified pulps, the effect of cellulose physical structure on reactivity was even more pronounced than the intrinsic viscosity of the dissolving pulp. In addition, no unambiguous dependence between the reactivity and the filterability of dissolving pulps was found. Filterability did not correlate clearly with lateral dimension of fibril or fibril aggregates, but depended only on pulp viscosity.

The current study involves the conversion of oil derived from Palm into biodiesel using a two-stage trans esterification process. The physiochemical and filterability characteristics of biodiesels are analyzed and experiments are carried out employing a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine to test several biodiesel blends as B0, B20, B30, and B40 for their filterability, performance, and emission characteristics. B20 had an FBT value of 1.36, and experimental outcomes were analyzed using response surface methodology optimization using Design expert software. The findings indicate that the emission characteristics and performance of the B20 blend closely resemble those of diesel fuel. At full load, the brake specific energy consumption is measured at 11.52 MJ/kW h, while the Brake thermal efficiency stands at 32.14% for the B20 blend. These values are comparable to diesel, with variations of 2.12% and 1.96% respectively. During the experiment, the emission parameters of HC, CO, and smoke were 6.12%, 17.67%, and 9.6% respectively, lower for B20 blend than diesel. Nevertheless, NO x of the biodiesel emission B20 blend is 2.03% greater than those of diesel, representing the lower than others. Furthermore, the optimization of the results of a CI engine achieved through the development of a CCD model that employs RSM. The research revealed that B20 is the most advantageous mix relative to other alternatives and functions effectively as a diesel substitute.

Dewatering of sludge from sewage treatment plants is proving to be a significant challenge due to the large amounts of residual sludges generated annually. In recent years, research and development have focused on improving the dewatering process in order to reduce subsequent costs of sludge management and transport. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to establish reliable indices that reflect the efficiency of sludge dewatering. However, the evaluation of sludge dewaterability is not an easy task due to the highly complex nature of sewage sludge and variations in solid–liquid separation methods. Most traditional dewatering indices fail to predict the maximum cake solids content achievable during full-scale dewatering. This paper reviews the difficulties in assessing sludge dewatering performance, and the main techniques used to evaluate dewatering performance are compared and discussed in detail. Finally, the paper suggests a new dewatering index, namely the modified centrifugal index, which is demonstrated to be an appropriate indicator for estimating the final cake solids content as well as simulating the prototype dewatering process.

The use of masks is very important to reduce transmission of the COVID 19 virus. Therefore, an innovation is needed from mask materials is that are environmentally friendly, have good filtration quality and have anti-virus agents. An alternative way to provide masks with good filterability using a raw material of cellulose acetate. Cellulose acetate has fibrils that are bonded together so that it can form dense fibers. Fiber is a semipermeable layer that functions as a particle filtration. Therefore, this study aims to get cellulose from corn husks via delignification. The research method consisted of extracting cellulose from corn husks and further synthesizing cellulose acetate. FTIR results showed an absorption peak at wave numbers 3349 cm -1 , 1728 cm -1 , 1252 cm -1 , and 1031 cm -1 . These peaks indicated the presence functional groups of OH, C=O, aryl ether, and C-O. This functional group indicates a cellulose acetate compound.

This study focuses on the filtration of high concentration palm biodiesel fuels, which are increasingly being used in marine diesel engines due to their environmental benefits and cost-effectiveness. The existing filtration systems for biodiesel fuels are reviewed, highlighting their limitations in handling high concentration blends. The primary objective is to design and develop a cross-flow ceramic membrane filter rig specifically tailored for marine diesel engines. A novel cross-flow ceramic membrane filter rig is designed and constructed to address the unique challenges posed by high concentration palm biodiesel fuels. The rig is equipped with a high-pressure pump, temperature control system, and a filtration chamber to simulate real-world marine diesel engine conditions. Experimental tests are conducted to evaluate the filter’s efficiency in removing contaminants and ensuring smooth fuel flow under various operating conditions. The results show the permeate productivity of the cross-flow ceramic membrane filter rig for filtering the high concentration palm biodiesel fuels, at different pressures. The study concludes by highlighting the potential of this innovative filtration system to enhance the performance and reliability of marine diesel engines operating on high concentration biodiesel blends.

China's implementation of stringent emission control measures during 2014–2020 has effectively reduced filterable particulate matter (FPM) emissions from stationary combustion sources, while increasing the contribution of condensable particulate matter (CPM) to total PM emissions. However, the lack of CPM emission inventories hinders the assessment of atmospheric impacts. This study developed a CPM emission inventory for China using field measurements from 148 typical industrial plants/processes. CPM's contribution to total PM emissions from stationary combustion sources had surged from 48.5% to 59.9% during 2014–2020, and will reach approximately 76% by 2030 under current emission control strategies in China. Furthermore, CPM constituted 14.5 ± 8.5% of ambient PM2.5 concentrations during January 2019 in China. Within this CPM contribution, 21.8% was contributed by sulfate/ammonium from coal combustion and ammonia slip in air pollution control devices. These findings call for establishing CPM‐specific emission standards and curbing ammonia slip for further improvements in air quality.

Our previous studies indicate the abundant and diverse presence of yet-to-be-cultured microorganisms in the micropore-filtered fractions of various environmental samples. Here, we isolated a novel bacterium (designated as strain TMPK1 T ) from a 0.45-μm-filtered soil suspension by using a gel-filled microwell array device comprising 900 microwells and characterized its phylogenetic and physiological features. This strain showed low 16S rRNA gene sequence identities (<91%) and low average nucleotide identity values (<70%) to the closest validly described species, and belonged to a novel-family-level lineage within the order Rhodospirillales of Alphaproteobacteria . Strain TMPK1 T exhibited small cell sizes (0.08–0.23 μm 3 ) and had a high cyclopropane fatty acid content (>13%), and these characteristics were differentiated from other Rhodospirillales bacteria. A comprehensive habitability search using amplicon datasets suggested that TMPK1 T and its close relatives are mainly distributed in soil and plant-associated environments. Based on these results, we propose that strain TMPK1 T represents a novel genus and species named Roseiterribacter gracilis gen. nov., sp. nov. (JCM 34627 T = KCTC 82790 T ). We also propose Roseiterribacteraceae fam. nov. to accommodate the genus Roseiterribacter .