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Financial ratios play an important role in revealing corporate financial soundness, a role which helps to maintain the competitive position of an enterprise, with the achievement of stable development contributing to the elimination of potential financial risks. This paper aims to analyse and compare financial ratios used in the models of transition countries. The analysis focuses on the prediction of the future financial development of a particular enterprise as well as the determination of potential dependencies among the nation in consideration of financial ratios and country of origin. More than 400 prediction models of the Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Croatia, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus were analysed. The crucial significance of financial ratios in divergent conditions is revealed using a cluster analysis, categorical data and a correspondence analysis. The cluster analysis identified similarities among three groups of countries: i) Belarus, Estonia, Croatia and Latvia; ii) Lithuania, Russia, Hungary and Ukraine, and iii) Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania and Poland. The results of the correspondence analysis indicate that the individual groups of countries prefer different financial ratios in developing models of prediction of financial distress, differences which arose as a consequence of common changing political, market and economic conditions within each group of nations. In contrary to results suggested by our findings, the most frequently used financial ratios in the prediction models throughout the countries remain current ratio, total-liabilities-to-total-assets ratio, and total-sales-to-total-assets ratio.

Financial performance evaluation is very significant for manufacturing industries in a competitive environment to achieve investment goals, especially increasing revenue. Financial performance measures must be identified accurately, because the evaluation process reflects the effectiveness of a company. The purpose of this article is to present a plithogenic multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model based on neutrosophic analytic hierarchy process (AHP), Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method, and Technique in Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The financial performance in this study is measured by a set of financial ratios. To examine the proposed model, the top 10 steel companies in Egypt are evaluated based on specified financial ratios. According to steel manufacturing experts, the weight of the criteria is determined using AHP method. The company ranking is determined using VIKOR and TOPSIS comparatively. The results show that the obtained ranks of the companies by these methods are almost the same.

This study examines how financial ratios affect heavy construction companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2018 and 2023 in terms of their likelihood of experiencing financial hardship. Utilizing logistic regression. The study analyzed 22 companies selected through purposive sampling using STATA. The findings show that return on equity has a substantial negative impact on the likelihood of financial distress; a higher retun on equity reduces the risk, while a lower retun on equity increases it, as observed in WSKT. Quick ratio significantly positively probability financial distress; lower Quick ratio raises the risk, as seen with MTPS. Debt to assets ratio also significantly increases probability financial distress; a higher Debt to assets ratio is associated with greater risk, exemplified by ASCT. Total assets turnover ratio is positively related to probability financial distress as demonstrated by TAMA. This study emphasizes how crucial it is to keep an eye on these financial measures in order to evaluate the danger of financial trouble and a company's overall stability.

In agriculture, a rising number of sustainability assessments are available that also comprise financial ratios. In a literature review of farm management textbooks, taking account of the differences between European and North American practices and considering prevalent sustainability assessment approaches, we identified frequently used financial ratios. Five ratios relate to the indicator profitability and four to the indicator liquidity. Another eight financial indicators refer to the indicators financial efficiency, stability, solvency and repayment capacity. Based on more than 14,000 accountancies of dairy farms from the Swiss Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), we carried out a Spearman correlation analysis for normalised and harmonised financial ratios. The correlation analysis revealed mostly positive correlations. To assess the implementation of a quantitative economic sustainability assessment we compare an aggregated indicator compound of all 17 ratios with two selections of financial ratios–first, a compound European and, second, a compound North American economic sustainability indicator. The correlation between the complete and the reduced sets of indicators suggest that both aggregate economic indicators can be reasonably applied to estimate the economic sustainability for Swiss dairy farms.

Indicators of financial performance, especially financial ratio analysis, have become important financial decision-support information used by firm management and other stakeholders to assess financial stability and growth potential. However, additional information may be hidden in management communication. The article deals with the analysis of the annual reports of U.S. firms from both points of view, a financial one based on a set of financial ratios, and a linguistic one based on the analysis of other information presented by firms in their annual reports. Spearman correlation coefficient is used to compare the values of financial and linguistic indicators. For the purpose of the comprehensive assessment, novel word lists are proposed, specifically designed for each category of financial analysis. The aim is to assess the information ability of annual reports and whether successful firms present their results precisely or not. The results show that the proposed topic dictionaries can be beneficial, especially for the assessment of cash flow and leverage ratios.

This study examined the impact of financial ratios, represented by liquidity, retained earnings ratio, profitability ratio, debt ratio, and total assets turnover, on earnin gs quality. This study involved 45 service companies registered between 2014 and 2020. Purposive sampling was used for 41 firms and 287 analytical units. Descriptive statistics and moderated regression were used. The findings showed that financial ratios affect the quality of earnings. Governance strategies can affect earnings quality along with financial ratios. The result of this study recommended that future researchers use a combination of methods to check the financial statement data. In addition, this study suggested that to get managers to smooth out their earnings; managers should have more control over financial ratios.

Purpose This study aims to develop a robust predictive model for anticipating financial distress within Pakistani companies, providing a crucial tool for proactive economic turbulence management. Design/methodology/approach To achieve this objective, the study examines a comprehensive data set comprising nonfinancial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange from 2005 to 2022. It investigates 23 financial ratios categorized under profitability, liquidity, leverage, asset efficiency, size and growth. Findings The study reveals that financial ratio indices are more effective in forecasting financial distress compared to individual ratios. These indices achieve impressive accuracy rates, ranging from a robust 93.90% in the first year leading up to bankruptcy to a commendable 73.71% in the fifth year. Furthermore, the research identifies profitability, liquidity, leverage, asset efficiency, size and growth as pivotal indicators for financial distress prediction. Originality/value This research underscores the utility and practicality of financial ratio indices, offering a comprehensive perspective on risk assessment and management. In conclusion, this pioneering study provides valuable insights into financial distress prediction, highlighting the enhanced information capture made possible by financial ratio indices. It equips stakeholders in the Pakistan Stock Exchange with an effective means to proactively address financial risks.

Small businesses contribute to society on many fronts: job creation, tax revenues, functional products and services, charitable donations, technological developments, and social contributions to communities. Given these contributions, and small firms' limited resources, it is important to understand what strategic management practices (SMPs) - activities engaged to develop and implement strategy - positively impact small firm performance. Small business leaders may apply various combinations of SMPs to achieve performance objectives. Here, we apply Fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to explore how various combinations of six different SMPs - entrepreneurial orientation (EO), strategic planning, goal setting, total quality management (TQM), social capital, and small business owners' analysis of financial ratios - affect performance. From a sample of U.S. printing companies, we found four different configurations of SMPs related to higher small business performance.

The growing important role of ICT companies in digital era has attracted many institutions and researchers to conduct studies to measure the value creation created by digitalization. However, not many of them emphasize the importance of financial information as a performance measurement for ICT companies that are useful for their sustainability in the rapidpace of technology. Therefore, this study aims to find the importance of financial ratios in assessing the performance of ICT companies. This study uses discriminant function analysis to find the best financial ratios that distinguish the ICT companies performance based on their grade in the credit ratings. The scope of this study is 70 US-based companies listed in US stock market within ICT groups with 35 companies in each group of Investment Grade and Non-investment Grade. There are 4 financial ratios that best discriminate the performance between the two groups which are ROA, CFO to current liabilities, total debt to EBITDA, and CFO to net sales. This model has a predictive accuracy or early warning abiPty of 87.1% in the latest full-year financial statements prior to rating date and 80% in the longer period (up to 3rd last full-year financial statements prior to rating date).

This work is framed in the research of business failure. We examine a method of analyzing the dynamics of financial failure. The authors examine a method of analyzing the dynamics of financial failure, because our goal is to analyze how the economic and financial indicators show the risk of failure in a group of companies. Using a sample of 163 companies declared bankrupt or dissolved, the authors show how to depict company trajectories of behavior and movement to terminal failure. They analyze these trajectories to find and describe empirical evidence of the different dynamics of bankruptcy. The authors also show that the estimation of failure risk is more accurate when these different failure trajectories are defined. In conclusion, the authors can see that there are different failure trajectories. One can use these different trajectories to identify more efficiently the indicators warning of the failure risk of the companies analyzed.