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"Finnish language"
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Beginner's Finnish : with online audio
Start speaking Finnish today with Beginner's Finnish with online audio. Finnish is the language spoken by the majority of Finns in Finland as well as in other countries. It is also the official minority language in some parts of Sweden and Norway. Ideal for students, tourists, and business people, this introductory guide teaches basic conversation through dialogues on everyday topics, such as eating out, sightseeing, and shopping through 12 practical lessons. Grammar is explained in accessible steps, with exercises throughout to reinforce language skills. Each lesson includes dialogues, vocabulary, and expressions; clear grammar explanations; and review exercises with an answer key. Helpful Finnish-English and English-Finnish glossaries are also included. Accompanying audio for the dialogues by native Finnish speakers is available for free download.
Book
Demonstratives in interaction : the emergence of a definite article in Finnish
This book concerns one of the paradigm examples of grammaticalization, the development of a definite article from a demonstrative determiner. Although standard written Finnish has no articles, the demonstrative se is currently emerging as a definite article in spoken Finnish. This book describes and explains the developing use of se based on a database consisting of spoken narratives from three different periods spanning the last one hundred years.The author proposes that the development from demonstrative to article has its roots in the way that speakers ordinarily use demonstratives in conversation, and provides an analysis of the use of se and the two other Finnish demonstratives, tämä and tuo in a corpus of multi-party conversations, showing that speakers of Finnish use demonstratives to focus attention on important referents and to express and negotiate access to them in the interactive context of ongoing talk, and not primarily to talk about how near or far referents are. The development of se into a general marker of identifiability is shown to be connected with both the focusing function of demonstratives as well as its use for referents which the speaker considers accessible to the addressee.
eBook
Tatun ja Patun oudot kojeet
Speedy brothers Tatu and Patu plan to build a weird but insanely useful machine, without which none of the families with children can do without.
Book
Early Research on Finnish Sign Language
Sign Language Studies is a journal that focuses on research and studies related to sign languages. In this article, the authors discuss the early research on Finnish Sign Language (FinSL) and the individuals who played a significant role in its development. The article begins by introducing Terhi Rissanen, a linguistics student who conducted research on the structure of FinSL. The authors then discuss Pivi Rain, who joined the research team as a student intern and focused on the acquisition of sign language. Ritva Takkinen, a speech therapist, also shares her journey into sign language research and her work on sign language acquisition. The article highlights the importance of these early researchers in establishing the foundation for the study of FinSL. The authors also touch on the challenges faced by the deaf community, such as the introduction of cochlear implants and the impact on sign language transmission. Overall, the article provides insights into the early research on FinSL and the contributions of these researchers to the field of sign language studies.
Journal Article
Grammar from the human perspective : case, space and person in Finnish
The papers of this volume investigate how grammar codes the subjective viewpoint of human language users, that is, how grammar reflects human conceptualization. Some of the articles deal with spatial relations and locations. They discuss how basic attributes of human conceptualization are encoded in the grammatical expression of spatial relations. Other articles concern embodiment in language, showing how conceptualization is mediated by one's embodied experience of the world and ourselves. Finally, some of the articles discuss coding of person focusing on the subjectivity of conceptualization and how it is reflected in grammar. The articles show that conceptualization reflects the speaker's construal of the situation, and furthermore, that it is intersubjective because it reflects the speaker's understanding of the relations between the speech act participants. The papers deal with Finnish, utilizing the rich resources of Finnish grammar to contribute to issues in contemporary linguistics and in particular to Cognitive Grammar.
eBook
AN EXPLANATION FOR THE UNEXPLAINABLE: ANTIHARMONY IN FINNISH INFLECTION /SELETUS SELETAMATULE: SOOME VOKAALHARMOONIATA PARTITIIVID merta JA verta
No persuasive explanation has been offered for the exceptional disharmony in Finnish merta (1) 'sea-PART.SG' and verta 'blood-PART.SG' until now. In this paper, it is argued that the reason for this phenomenon is complex. On the one hand, the word initial pattern #(C)erta occurred only in these two forms, while the pattern #(C)erta was - and is - much more common. On the other hand, the change of the forms under analogical pressure was facilitated by the fact that they were isolated inside the paradigm; and therefore, intraparadigmatic analogy could not retard the change. Keywords: Finnish, vowel harmony, exceptionality, irregularity, analogy, disharmony, antiharmony. Soome vokaalharmooniata sonavormidele merta 'merd' ja verta 'verd' pole seni veenvat seletust pakutud. Artiklis vaidetakse, et sellisel erandlikul nahtusel on mitu pohjust. Uhest kuljest esines algne muster #(C)erta ainult neis kahes sonas, samal ajal kui muster #(C)erta oli ja on palju levinum. Teisest kuljest voimendas selle levinuma mustri analoogiasurvet asjaolu, et partitiivivormid merta ja verta olid konsonanttuvelistena paradigma sees vokaaltuvelistest isoleeritud, ning seetottu ei saanud paradigmasisene analoogia vokaalharmoonia kadumist takistada.
Journal Article
FINNIC NUMERALS FOR '8' AND '9' AND A POSSIBLE PARALLEL FROM SAMOYED/LAANEMERESOOME '8' JA '9' NING VOIMALIK SAMOJEEDI VASTE
The paper deals with a suffix contained in the Finnic numerals for 'eight' and 'nine', such as the Estonian kahe-ksa and uhe-ksa. Taking into consideration the forms of some southern varieties of Finnic, such as Votic and Livonian, it is proposed to reconstruct the Proto-Finnic suffix *-ksama/*-ksama and compare it with the segment -saa in Tundra Enets eesaa, Forest Enets neesaa 'nine', tracing them back to Proto-Uralic *-ksama. Keywords: Finnic languages, Samoyed languages, numerals, Uralic etymology. Artiklis kasitletakse 8-t ja 9-t tahistavate laanemeresoome arvsonade osist -ksa/-ksa (nt. eesti kaheksa ja uheksa). Lounapoolsete laanemeresoome keelte (eesti murrete, vadja, liivi) vormidest lahtudes rekonstrueerib autor laanemeresoome algkuju *-ksama/*-ksama ning eenetsi voimalikule vastele -saa (tundraeenetsi eesaa, metsa eenetsi neesaa 'uheksa') tuginedes uurali algvormi *-ksama.
Journal Article
Orthographic Depth and Its Impact on Universal Predictors of Reading: A Cross-Language Investigation
Alphabetic orthographies differ in the transparency of their letter-sound mappings, with English orthography being less transparent than other alphabetic scripts. The outlier status of English has led scientists to question the generality of findings based on English-language studies. We investigated the role of phonological awareness, memory, vocabulary, rapid naming, and nonverbal intelligence in reading performance across five languages lying at differing positions along a transparency continuum (Finnish, Hungarian, Dutch, Portuguese, and French). Results from a sample of 1,265 children in Grade 2 showed that phonological awareness was the main factor associated with reading performance in each language. However, its impact was modulated by the transparency of the orthography, being stronger in less transparent orthographies. The influence of rapid naming was rather weak and limited to reading and decoding speed. Most predictors of reading performance were relatively universal across these alphabetic languages, although their precise weight varied systematically as a function of script transparency.
Journal Article
Agent defocusing in two-participant clauses in Finnish Sign Language
This article investigates what strategies are used for defocusing the agent in two-participant clauses in FinSL. The question is approached by analyzing a set of data that consists of videotaped informational texts. Several strategies for agent defocusing were found. First, the agent can simply be omitted. Second, the agent can be expressed with a pronominal pointing sign used non-referentially. Pronominal pointing signs that can be used non-referentially include at least the non-first person plural pronominal pointing sign and the first person singular pointing sign, possibly also the first person plural pointing sign. This study also suggests that constructed action is an additional, optional strategy through which the signer can tell the event either from the patient’s or the agent’s perspective. No special passive marking was found, and the form of clauses defocusing the agent does not seem to differ from that of corresponding clauses including a referential agent. The non-referential reading comes from the fact that there is no antecedent to which a zero, an indicating verb or a non-first person pronominal pointing sign could refer, and with first person pronominal pointing signs the interpretation is made based on the context.
Journal Article