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Dinosaur goes to the fire station
\"The fire station is full of fun in this exciting title. Trying on a fire helmet, sliding down the fire pole, and checking out a big red fire truck are all on tap when this dino visits his fireman brother at the station. Beginning readers will love watching their dinosaur friend try on a fireman's outfit and watching him learn what dinos do at a fire station when they're on the clock. But what happens at the station when a call comes in? For these dinos, it's time for action!\"--Publisher's website.
Book
Models to Simulate Effective Coverage of Fire Station Based on Real-Time Travel Times
In recent years, frequent fire disasters have led to enormous damage in China. Effective firefighting rescues can minimize the losses caused by fires. During the rescue processes, the travel time of fire trucks can be severely affected by traffic conditions, changing the effective coverage of fire stations. However, it is still challenging to determine the effective coverage of fire stations considering dynamic traffic conditions. This paper addresses this issue by combining the traveling time calculation model with the effective coverage simulation model. In addition, it proposes a new index of total effective coverage area (TECA) based on the time-weighted average of the effective coverage area (ECA) to evaluate the urban fire services. It also selects China as the case study to validate the feasibility of the models, a fire station (FS-JX) in Changsha. FS-JX station and its surrounding 9,117 fire risk points are selected as the fire service supply and demand points, respectively. A total of 196 simulation scenarios throughout a consecutive week are analyzed. Eventually, 1,933,815 sets of valid sample data are obtained. The results showed that the TECA of FS-JX is 3.27 km2, which is far below the standard requirement of 7.00 km2 due to the traffic conditions. The visualization results showed that three rivers around FS-JX interrupt the continuity of its effective coverage. The proposed method can provide data support to optimize the locations of fire stations by accurately and dynamically determining the effective coverage of fire stations.
Journal Article
Good night fire engines
Take a tour of the fire station and learn about the equipment that fire fighters use and how they do their job.
Book
Size-resolved particulate matter inside selected fire stations and preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of washing machines in reducing its concentrations
The study aimed to determine and compare the mass concentration and size distribution of particulate matter (PM) at two Polish fire stations, one equipped with a washing machine intended for the decontamination of uniforms (FSN) and the other not equipped with this type of device (FSC), to assess the effectiveness of washing machines in reducing PM concentrations inside fire stations and estimate PM doses inhaled by firefighters while performing activities in truck bays and changing rooms during one work shift. The average PM concentrations at the FSN were 18.2–28.9 µg/m
3
and 27.5–37.3 µg/m
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, while at FSC they were 27.4–37.9 µg/m
3
and 24.6–32.8 µg/m
3
in the truck bays and changing rooms, respectively. At each measurement point, most of the PM mass (65–75%) was accumulated as fine particles. The dominance of fine particles in the total mass of PM results in high values of PM deposition coefficients (0.59–0.61) in three sections of the respiratory tract at each monitoring site. This study initially indicates the effectiveness of washing machines in reducing the concentration of fine particles and demonstrates the necessity, as well as directions for further research in this area.
Journal Article
Exploring Spatiotemporal Accessibility of Urban Fire Services Using Real-Time Travel Time
The accessibility of urban fire services is a critical indicator in evaluating fire services and optimizing fire resource allocation. However, previous studies have mainly concentrated on measuring the spatial accessibility of fire services, and little, if any, consideration has been paid to exploring the spatiotemporal dynamics of the accessibility of urban fire services. Therefore, we used real-time travel time to extend an existing spatial accessibility method to measure the spatiotemporal accessibility of fire services in a case study of Nanjing, China. The results show that (1) the overall accessibility of fire incidents and fire stations in Nanjing, China, is uneven, with relatively high accessibility in the southwest and northeast of the city center; (2) the number of fire incidents with low-level accessibility apparently increases in rush hours (i.e., 07:00–09:00 and 17:00–19:00 h) in the southeast and north of the city center, and the fire incidents with medium-level and high-level accessibility easily change to lower levels under the influence of traffic congestion, with fire incidents with medium-level accessibility being affected the most; (3) the accessibility of fire stations changes over time with an obvious W pattern, with lower accessibility during rush hours than at other times, and several fire stations in the city center present an asymmetric W pattern; (4) the accessibility decline ratio for fire stations in rush hours is greater in the city center than in urban suburbs, and the decline ratios are strongly related to the travel time increase and the percent increase in uncovered fire incidents during rush hours. The results and findings demonstrate that our method can be used to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of the accessibility of fire services, and so can guide policymakers in improving fire services.
Journal Article
Location Optimization of Urban Fire Stations Considering the Backup Coverage
Urban fires threaten the economic stability and safety of urban residents. Therefore, the limited number of fire stations should cover as many places as possible. Moreover, places with high fire risk should be covered by more fire stations. To optimize the location of urban fire stations, we construct a multi-objective optimization model for fire station planning based on the backup coverage model. The improved value of environment and ecosystem (SAVEE) model is introduced to quantify the spatial heterogeneity of urban fires. The main city zone of Wuhan is used as the study area to validate the proposed method. The results show that, considering the existing fire stations (85 facilities), the proposed model achieves a significant 38.56% in high-risk areas that can be covered by more than one fire station. If the existing fire stations are not considered when building 95 fire stations, the proposed model can achieve coverage of 50.07% in high-risk areas by utilizing more than one fire station. As a result, the proposed backup coverage model would perform better if the protection of high-risk areas is improved with as few fire stations as possible to guarantee more places covered.
Journal Article
Dear dragon goes to the firehouse
A boy and his pet dragon go on a class trip to the local fire house and learn about firefighting equipment and fire safety.
Book
A Spatial Decision Support Model for Fire Station Construction Prioritization Under Resource Constraints
Governments often plan multiple fire stations simultaneously to improve firefighting capabilities, but constructing them within limited resources and time remains a challenge. A spatial decision support model is proposed in this study to determine the prioritized construction sequence of urban fire stations. Two simulation environments were established: one with only existing fire stations and another with both existing and proposed stations as fire service supply points (FSSPs). Response times were simulated using real-time traffic data. The construction urgency of the proposed fire stations was assessed using the construction sequence scoring equation. To validate the model, a case study of Shaoyang City, China, was conducted. A total of 30,968 fire service demand points were gathered, with 20 existing fire stations and 13 proposed fire stations designated as FSSPs. Twenty-five evaluation scenarios were established, resulting in 1,297,025 valid simulation results. The scoring results revealed a maximum score of 119,320, a minimum of 23,420, and an average of 61,412. Based on these results, recommendations for the construction sequence of proposed fire stations in Shaoyang City were made, and the improvements in fire protection levels were calculated. By prioritizing the construction of higher-performance fire stations, this model maximizes resource efficiency and enhances public safety.
Journal Article