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Background . Considering the importance of psychological first aid, which is the first priority when a disaster occurs, developing a web‐based simulation training program for nurses and confirming its effectiveness is necessary. Aim . This study aimed to develop an interactive simulated education program as a psychological first aid program for nurses and verify its effectiveness. Participants . Nurses working in hospitals and the community who had not participated in psychological first aid training in the last year were recruited. Methods . A web‐based interactive simulated educational program for psychological first aid was developed. To verify its effectiveness, a randomized controlled trial design was used. The experimental group participated in a web‐based educational program, while the control group was provided self‐learning data in the form of e‐books. The program’s effects on disaster response core competencies, problem‐solving abilities, and self‐leadership capacity were measured. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the general characteristics, and independent t ‐tests were used to analyze the differences before and after the intervention. Results . The core competencies for disaster response ( t  = −2.239, p < 0.05, Cohen’s d  = 0.59), problem‐solving abilities ( t  = −2.753, p < 0.01, Cohen’s d  = 0.72), and self‐leadership capacity ( t  = −2.073, p < 0.05, Cohen’s d  = 0.54) showed a statistically significant difference between groups. Conclusions . The web‐based simulation education program for psychological first aid training developed in this study effectively enhanced nurses’ ability to respond to disasters and improved their problem‐solving abilities and self‐leadership capacity. Thus, nurses can use the educational program as a tool to learn psychological first aid. This trial is registered with KCT0008965 .

Background Mental disorders often have their first onset during adolescence. For this reason, high school teachers are in a good position to provide initial assistance to students who are developing mental health problems. To improve the skills of teachers in this area, a Mental Health First Aid training course was modified to be suitable for high school teachers and evaluated in a cluster randomized trial. Methods The trial was carried out with teachers in South Australian high schools. Teachers at 7 schools received training and those at another 7 were wait-listed for future training. The effects of the training on teachers were evaluated using questionnaires pre- and post-training and at 6 months follow-up. The questionnaires assessed mental health knowledge, stigmatizing attitudes, confidence in providing help to others, help actually provided, school policy and procedures, and teacher mental health. The indirect effects on students were evaluated using questionnaires at pre-training and at follow-up which assessed any mental health help and information received from school staff, and also the mental health of the student. Results The training increased teachers' knowledge, changed beliefs about treatment to be more like those of mental health professionals, reduced some aspects of stigma, and increased confidence in providing help to students and colleagues. There was an indirect effect on students, who reported receiving more mental health information from school staff. Most of the changes found were sustained 6 months after training. However, no effects were found on teachers' individual support towards students with mental health problems or on student mental health. Conclusions Mental Health First Aid training has positive effects on teachers' mental health knowledge, attitudes, confidence and some aspects of their behaviour. Trial registration ACTRN12608000561381

Background There is well-established evidence that Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training improves knowledge about how to support someone developing a mental health problem, but less evidence that this support improves the mental health of the recipient of aid. This randomised controlled trial aimed to assess the long-term effects of MHFA training of parents on the mental health of their adolescent children. Methods 384 Australian parents of an adolescent aged 12–15 were randomised to receive either the 14-h Youth MHFA course or the 15-h Australian Red Cross Provide First Aid course. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up in both parents and adolescents. Primary outcomes were cases of adolescent mental health problems, and parental support towards their adolescent if they developed a mental health problem, rated by the parent and adolescent. Secondary outcomes included parent knowledge about mental health problems, intentions and confidence in supporting a young person, stigmatizing attitudes, and help-seeking for mental health problems. Results Parent and adolescent reports showed no significant difference between training groups in the proportion of cases of adolescents with a mental health problem over time (ps > .05). There was also no significant difference between training groups in the quality of parental support provided to their adolescent at 1- or 2-year follow-up (ps > .05). In contrast, some secondary outcomes showed benefits from the Youth MHFA training relative to the control, with increased parental knowledge about mental health problems at 1-year (d = 0.43) and 2-year follow-up (d = 0.26), and increased confidence to help a young person (d = 0.26) and intentions to provide effective support (d = 0.22) at 1-year follow-up. Conclusions The study showed some improvements in mental health literacy in training recipients, but could not detect changes in the mental health of adolescents and the support provided to them by their parents if they had a mental health problem. However, there was a lack of power to detect primary outcome effects and therefore the question of whether MHFA training leads to better outcomes in the recipients of aid remains to be further explored. Trial registration ACTRN12612000390886 , registered retrospectively 5/4/2012.

IntroductionChildren with special needs frequently experience accidents and injuries due to motor control difficulties. The most common home accidents include falls, burns, poisoning, drowning and choking. Compared to their typically developing peers, children with special needs are at a higher risk of home accidents and emergency department visits. Falls related to balance impairments are especially common in this population. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of a virtual reality-based home accident control simulation combined with first aid training on the awareness and initial responses to home accidents of parents of children with special needs, using a single-group pre-post quasi-experimental design.Methods and analysisThis quasi-experimental study, using a pre-test/post-test design, is planned to include 100 volunteer parents of children with special needs who are registered at a Barrier-Free Life Application and Research Centre. The parents will receive training on home accidents via virtual reality simulation, supplemented by first aid and transfer training. Data will be collected using the Descriptive Information Form and the Home Accident Awareness Questionnaire for Parents of Children with Special Needs. Children’s balance status will be assessed to determine their fall risk using the Children’s Balance Assessment Form, the Tinetti Balance and Gait Assessment and the Nintendo Wii Fit Balance Board.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Istanbul Topkapi University. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and academic conferences.Trial registration numberNCT06839196 (ClinicalTrials.gov). Protocol version: 1.2; Protocol Date: 30 April 2025. All items from the WHO Trial Registration Data Set are available in the registry record.

Background: This study is aimed at raising awareness about home accidents among grandparents caring for their grandchildren and reducing the risk of accidents and premature death in children under five through structured first aid training. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 76 older adults from a daycare center in Shiraz, Iran, were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group participated in eight sessions of first aid training. Pre‐ and postintervention assessments included PMT‐based questionnaires and practical first aid skill tests. Data were analyzed using SPSS and JAMOVI. Results: Significant improvements were observed in the intervention group compared to the control group in terms of first aid knowledge ( p < 0.001), home accident prevention ( p < 0.001), and practical first aid skills ( p < 0.001). Effect size analyses (Cohen’s d > 0.80) further supported the substantial impact of the intervention across all measured domains. Conclusions: First aid training based on protection motivation theory significantly enhanced older adults’ preparedness in preventing and managing home accidents involving their grandchildren. These findings underscore the importance of integrating first aid education into geriatric caregiving programs. Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials number: IRCT20180514039648N6.

According to a recent report from the European Brain Council and the European Colleague of Neuropsychopharmacology the one year prevalence of some kind of mental disorder is around 27% among the adult population in Europe. Research has shown a lack of mental health literacy in the population in general and it is thus important to find ways to improve the public's knowledge and skills to provide first hand support to people with mental disorders. Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) is a training program that has shown positive changes in knowledge and helping behavior. This study investigates if MHFA training in a Swedish context provides a sustained improvement in knowledge about mental disorders, a better ability to be helpful in contacts with people who are ill and if it changes attitudes in a positive direction. The introduction of the training program was made in accordance with the constructor's instructions. Participants were mainly public sector employees from a county in the west of Sweden. The study was a randomized controlled trial with an experiment group (n = 199) and a control group (n = 207) placed on a waiting list during a 6-month follow-up. A two-year follow-up was conducted for participants (n = 155) from both the intervention and waiting list group who had completed the training and during the follow-up been in contact with persons with mental disorders. The intervention group improved in knowledge as well as in confidence in providing help for someone in need. The two-year follow-up showed that the improvements were to a great extent maintained. Mental Health First Aid might raise the level of awareness of mental disorders and have an influence on the number of people who can receive professional treatment for their problems.

IntroductionEffective haemorrhage control is crucial in cases of limb trauma involving arterial injury, such as shark attacks, to prevent potentially fatal outcomes. International first aid consensus recommends the use of arterial tourniquets (proprietary or makeshift) as a primary treatment for life-threatening external bleeding. Manual pressure applied directly over a major artery proximal to the injury, such as inguinal fist compression (IFC), is more accessible in a first-aid situation, but is currently not recommended due to limited evidence. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the application of IFC is superior to commercial windlass tourniquets (CWTs) in reducing blood flow in the femoral artery when performed by untrained bystanders.Methods and analysisStopping Haemorrhage by Application of Randomised Compression or Tourniquet (SHARC-2) is a superiority, assessor-blinded, cross-over, randomised controlled trial conducted with healthy untrained adult volunteers in non-clinical settings. Participants will be rotated as providers and recipients of both IFC and CWT, with providers randomised to the order that they perform the techniques. Providers will be exposed to an educational infographic before applying that technique to a recipient behind a drop sheet. A sonographer, blinded to the technique, will measure the peak systolic velocity of blood flow in the superficial femoral artery using Doppler ultrasound at baseline and then during application of each technique for 5 min. The mean percentage reduction in peak systolic velocity will be compared between IFC and CWT groups.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for this study was granted by the Bond University Human Research Ethics Committee (BUHREC JF01036) on 23 January 2023. All participants will be provided with written informed consent prior to enrolment and the trial will involve healthy adult volunteers. To minimise risk, preintervention screening, sonographic assessment and postintervention follow-up will be implemented with adverse events monitored and reported in accordance with HREC guidelines. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, academic conferences, local resuscitation forums and public health education initiatives. A lay summary will also be shared with relevant community groups and via social media platforms to enhance public accessibility.Trial registration numberACTRN12624001054505.

physical injury is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among children. Schools in many resource-limited countries are often not child-protective. We assessed First Aid (FA) knowledge and skills in a cohort of primary school teachers in Ibadan, Nigeria, and we evaluated the effect of a training program on the cohort's FA capacity. we randomly selected 70 teachers from 16 primary schools, assigning them to intervention (N=36) and control (N=34). A 26-point survey and simulated scenarios graded on an 18-point scale assessed FA knowledge and skills, respectively. Control teachers received an HIV education talk. We assessed FA knowledge and skill immediately and three months post-intervention. FA knowledge was rated poor (<13), fair (13-17), and good (>17); skills were rated poor (<9), fair (9-11), and good (>11). We used Student t-test/ANOVA and chi-square for continuous and categorical variables, respectively, at p-value < 0.05 level of significance. no difference in mean FA knowledge between the intervention (7.7 ± 1.9) and control (7.3 ± 2.5) at baseline (p=0.49). Mean baseline FA skills scores between the intervention (2.8 ± 1.8) and control (2.6 ± 2.1) were similar (p=0.59). Compared to the baseline, there was a significant increase in mean FA knowledge immediately (20.3 ± 2.3, p<0.001) and three months post-intervention (18.2 ± 2.0, p<0.001). Mean FA skills scores also increased from baseline, immediately (12.7 ± 1.8, p<0.001), and three months post-intervention (9.6 ± 2.0, p<0.001). There were no significant changes in FA knowledge or skills in the control group. the training program led to a significantly and short-term sustained improvement in teachers' FA capacity. School teachers can be trained to provide appropriate and timely first aid care for students injured at school.

The rate of failing to apply a tourniquet remains high. The study objective was to examine whether early advanced training under conditions that approximate combat conditions and provide stress inoculation improve competency, compared to the current educational program of non-medical personnel. This was a randomized controlled trial. Male recruits of the armored corps were included in the study. During Combat Lifesaver training, recruits apply The Tourniquet 12 times. This educational program was used as the control group. The combat stress inoculation (CSI) group also included 12 tourniquet applications, albeit some of them in combat conditions such as low light and physical exertion. Three parameters defined success, and these parameters were measured by The Simulator: (1) applied pressure ≥ 200mmHg; (2) time to stop bleeding ≤ 60 seconds; and (3) placement up to 7.5cm above the amputation. Out of the participants, 138 were assigned to the control group and 167 were assigned to the CSI group. The overall failure rate was 80.33% (81.90% in the control group versus 79.00% in the CSI group; P value = .565; 95% confidence interval, 0.677 to 2.122). Differences in pressure, time to stop bleeding, or placement were not significant (95% confidence intervals, -17.283 to 23.404, -1.792 to 6.105, and 0.932 to 2.387, respectively). Tourniquet placement was incorrect in most of the applications (62.30%). This study found high rates of failure in tourniquet application immediately after successful completion of tourniquet training. These rates did not improve with tourniquet training, including CSI. The results may indicate that better tourniquet training methods should be pursued.Tsur, AM, Binyamin, Y, Koren, L, Ohayon, S, Thompson; P, Glassberg, E. High tourniquet failure rates among non-medical personnel do not improve with tourniquet training, including combat stress inoculation: a randomized controlled trial. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(3):282-287.

Background Studies show a high and growing prevalence of mental disorders in the population worldwide. 25% of the general population in Europe will during their lifetime experience symptoms related to a mental disorder. The Mental Health First Aid concept (MHFA) was founded in 2000 in Australia by Kitchener and Jorm, in order to provide the population with mental health first aid skills. The aim of the concept is, through an educational intervention (course), to increase confidence in how to help people suffering from mental health problems. Further, secondary aims are to increase the mental health literacy of the public by increasing knowledge, reduce stigma and initiate more supportive actions leading towards professional care. An investigation of the effect of MHFA offered a Danish population is needed. Methods The design is a randomized waitlist-controlled superiority trial, in which 500 participants will be allocated to either the intervention group or the control group. The control group will attend the course six months later, hence waiting list design. From fall 2013 to spring 2014 participants will be educated to be “mental health first-aiders” following a manualized, two days MHFA course. All the participants will answer a questionnaire at base-line and at 6 months follow-up. The questionnaire is a back-translation of the questionnaire used in Australian trials. The trial will be complemented by a qualitative study, in which focus groups will be carried out. Discussion Outcomes measured are sensitive to interpretation, hence a challenge to uniform. This trial will add to the use of a mixed-methods design and exemplify how it can strengthen the analysis and take up the challenge of a sensitive outcome. Trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02334020 .