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The fish processing sector contributes serious organic pollution loads and high salinity to receiving waters. This research aimed to study the effect of salt (NaCl) concentration on the treatment efficiency of fish processing wastewater in a continuous flow system by natural biodegradation. This research also focused on the use of a laboratory-scale bioreactor, which is operated in an aerobic continuous flow system with a 5-day cycle treatment of three different concentrations of diluted fish processing wastewater (30-, 50-, and 100-fold) with salt concentrations varying from 0% to 7% w/v NaCl. The evaluation of system performance at nine different operating hydraulic retention times (HRT) that range from 2–10 days indicated that the substrate removal rates increase with the increase in HRT along with the increasing wastewater concentration. The optimum biomass yield was found at the 8-day HRT, and the highest substrate removal was obtained at 10-day HRT. The study on 11 different salt contents in wastewater at the optimal HRTs of 10, nine, and eight days showed the existence of inhibition effects on biomass growth and substrate removal from 3.0% salt concentration. The treated wastewater without offensive odor is feasible for its reutilization as an environmental friendly liquid fertilizer.

In this paper, a comprehensive life-cycle assessment (LCA) is carried out in order to evaluate the multiple environmental-health impacts of the biological wastewater treatment of the fish-processing industry throughout its life cycle. To this aim, the life-cycle impact assessment method based on endpoint modeling (LIME) was considered as the main LCA model. The proposed methodology is based on an endpoint modeling framework that uses the conjoint analysis to calculate damage factors for human health, social assets, biodiversity, and primary production, based on Indonesia’s local data inventory. A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is integrated with the LIME modeling framework to evaluate the damage on human health caused by five major biological treatment technologies, including chemical-enhanced primary clarification (CEPC), aerobic-activated sludge (AS), up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) in this industry. Finally, a life-cycle costing (LCC) is carried out, considering all the costs incurred during the lifetime. The LCA results revealed that air pollution and gaseous emissions from electricity consumption have the most significant environmental impacts in all scenarios and all categories. The combined utilization of the UF and RO technologies in the secondary and tertiary treatment processes reduces the health damage caused by microbial diseases, which contributes significantly to reducing overall environmental damage.

Veraval, one of Asia’s largest fishing harbours, situated on the south-west coast of Gujarat, India, has transformed into an industrial hub dominated by fish processing units, rayon manufacturing industry, and transportation facilities. The study investigated the high abundance of Tetraspora gelatinosa along with the augmented level of ammonia in the harbour. The high concentration of ammonia was associated with the accumulation of sewage, industrial, and fishery wastes in the harbour. Low-energy expenditure associated with assimilation of ammonia made it a principal nitrogen source for Tetraspora gelatinosa growth. Even though ammonia is the preferred nitrogen source by phytoplankton, elevated concentration causes toxicity to the cells. Augmented level of ammonia and high TSS hampered the efficiency of PS II, thereby impeding the chlorophyll a degradation and oxygen evolution. Built of the organic load from fish processing industries as well as domestic waste along with a reduction in photosynthetic oxygen evolution has made the harbour hypoxic (DO < 1.6 mg L −1 )/anoxic (DO = 0.0 mg L −1 ). Shannon-Wiener diversity index as a pollution index suggested that the inner harbour area was highly polluted as the diversity ranged from 0.01 to 1.57. Whereas, the outer harbour (Near-shore and off-shore) with less anthropogenic effect recorded high diversity (av. 2.17) suggesting a healthy environment.

The majority of women involved in Iceland’s fisheries sector work in fish processing and have immigrated to Iceland from other countries to work in the industry. Using data collected through interviews and surveys, this paper compares and contrasts the experiences of Icelandic and immigrant women who work in fish processing plants in the Westfjords of Iceland. It shows that Polish women experience a lower job satisfaction than Filipino women. As more women immigrate to places like Iceland to work in fisheries, it is important to understand their roles and perceptions of their jobs, since being satisfied with work can influence overall quality of life.

Fish processing plants still face microbial food safety-related product rejections and the associated economic losses, although they implement legislation, with well-established quality assurance guidelines and standards. We assessed the microbial performance of core control and assurance activities of fish exporting processors to offer suggestions for improvement using a case study. A microbiological assessment scheme was used to systematically analyze microbial counts in six selected critical sampling locations (CSLs). Nine small-, medium- and large-sized companies implementing current food safety management systems (FSMS) were studied. Samples were collected three times on each occasion (n = 324). Microbial indicators representing food safety, plant and personnel hygiene, and overall microbiological performance were analyzed. Microbiological distribution and safety profile levels for the CSLs were calculated. Performance of core control and assurance activities of the FSMS was also diagnosed using an FSMS diagnostic instrument. Final fish products from 67% of the companies were within the legally accepted microbiological limits. Salmonella was absent in all CSLs. Hands or gloves of workers from the majority of companies were highly contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus at levels above the recommended limits. Large-sized companies performed better in Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, and S. aureus than medium- and small-sized ones in a majority of the CSLs, including receipt of raw fish material, heading and gutting, and the condition of the fish processing tables and facilities before cleaning and sanitation. Fish products of 33% (3 of 9) of the companies and handling surfaces of 22% (2 of 9) of the companies showed high variability in Enterobacteriaceae counts. High variability in total viable counts and Enterobacteriaceae was noted on fish products and handling surfaces. Specific recommendations were made in core control and assurance activities associated with sampling locations showing poor performance.

The inadequate management of fish processing waste or by-products is one of the major problems that fish industry has to face nowadays. The mismanagement of this raw material leads to economic loss and environmental problems. The demand for the use of these by-products has led to the development of several processes in order to recover biomolecules from fish by-products. An efficient way to add value to fish waste protein is protein hydrolysis. Protein hydrolysates improve the functional properties and allow the release of peptides of different sizes with several bioactivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, or antihyperglycemic among others. This paper reviews different methods for the production of protein hydrolysates as well as current research about several fish by-products protein hydrolysates bioactive properties, aiming the dual objective: adding value to these underutilized by-products and minimizing their negative impact on the environment.

In the present work, biofuel derived from industrial fish processing industry waste is used in diesel engines to study its suitability . Biofuel from industry fish waste is produced through catalytic cracking, and its quality has been improved through distillation. A single cylinder 4.5 kW at 1500 rpm was used to find the suitability of biofuel and undistilled biofuel in diesel engine. Experimental results show that the brake thermal efficiency of biofuel and undistilled biofuel is similar. Brake thermal efficiency for diesel, undistilled biofuel and biofuel is 29.98, 32.12 and 32.4%, respectively, at 80% load. Carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons, particulate matter and oxides of nitrogen emissions increase with undistilled biofuel compared to biofuel. There is a small reduction in carbon dioxide emission with undistilled biofuel compared to biofuel. Even though the cylinder pressure is high with undistilled biofuel, the intensity of premixed combustion is lower than distilled biofuel. The ignition delay and combustion duration increase with undistilled biofuel. Finally, it is concluded that the fuel derived from fish processing industry waste can be used as a fuel for diesel engine after distillation.

This study aims to analyze the achievement of policy objectives in terms of effectiveness, similarity and accuracy of income tax incentives in the form of tax allowances for the Indonesian fish processing industry. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and qualitative data collection techniques through literature study and field study. The results show that although the tax allowance facility procedure has met the principle of simplicity, the facility has not effectively increased investment because it is still a relatively small industry that uses it. The fiscal cost burden still incurred by the taxpayer that makes this policy inefficient. This facility is also not appropriate for the fish processing industry because the allowance can only be utilized by large-scale industries, while small- and medium-scale fish processing industries cannot utilize the tax allowance facility.

Global marine fish harvests have reached a plateau over the last decade, and efforts to increase aquaculture tend to face limitations in terms of water resources and contamination problems. Of the current fish harvest, at least 50% is discarded as waste. The current situation requires efforts to process, preserve, and utilize the fish capture to minimize waste. Chemical and microbiological contamination limit the utilization of harvested fish. There is a need to improve fish preservation to minimize spoilage and to process them into more appealing products. Instead of resorting to individual food-processing methods, the efficiency of processing could best be increased by a combination of conventional and modern processing methods or by combinations of modern processing methods. Fish waste is a rich source of oils containing essential fatty acids, polypeptides, and amino polysaccharides that could be utilized through the upscaling of current scientifically proven methods to new processing technologies. The separation of collagens, gelatins, bioactive peptides, edible fish oils, and chitosan form the primary stages in the utilization of fish waste. The products need purification to meet food quality and safety standards and to have desirable industrial characteristics. The diversity of information and products generated through new methods require advanced data handling and prediction systems, such as artificial intelligence, to address food safety and to derive the best out of fish processing and utilization.

The study aims to explore the correlation among certification, Quality Management Maturity Level (QMML), and Index of Sustainability Performance (ISP) of fish processing firms (FPFs). The QMMLs and the ISPs are compared among four different sizes of FPFs. Data were obtained from 102 certified FPFs in Indonesia. Descriptive statistical methods were used to examine the data to determine the QMML and the ISP and compare them across various firm sizes. The Spearman Rho test indicates a positive correlation between the certification, the QMML, and the ISP. The mean comparison using the Kruskal-Wallis test reveals no difference in the QMML and ISP of FPFs at a significant level of 5% among different-sized organizations. This finding challenges the notion that organizational management and human resource issues make micro and small enterprises (MSEs) fragile and not capable of competing with large-scale firms. MSEs have also been successful in raising the organizational quality management maturity since certification has pushed quality management implementation for enterprises of all sizes. Therefore, it expands understanding about the impact of certification on enhancing the micro-small business. The results can dispel doubts that MSEs cannot compete with large companies. This study can encourage MSEs to achieve sustainable performance.