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Meta-Topolin mediated in vitro propagation in an ornamentally important crop Iris × hollandica Tub. cv. professor Blaauw and genetic fidelity studies using SCoT markers
Dutch iris is a commercially important bulbous ornamental crop. Its high demand in global floriculture market necessitates the production of its high-quality planting material. In the present investigation, an efficient in vitro propagation system has been developed for Iris × hollandica Tub. cv. Professor Blaauw (Dutch iris) using meta-Topolin (mT) for the first time. Effect of various concentrations of BAP, Kn, and mT (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 mg L−1) along with varying photoperiods (16 h light and dark incubation for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks) on in vitro shoot induction from the twin scale explants was studied. Of the cytokinins tested, different doses of mT has resulted in better shoot induction response from twin scale explants than BAP and Kn. Photoperiod duration has also affected shoot induction response significantly. Along with dark incubation for 1 week, cytokinin mT at 1.0 mg L−1 in MS medium has resulted in maximum shoot induction response (91.63%) with increased emergence of micro shoots (4.83 shoots/explant with average shoot length of 5.02 cm). Efficacy of BAP and mT alone or in combination with auxins for in vitro shoot multiplication was also compared. The synergistic effect of cytokinin-auxin in multiplication medium comprising MS + 1.0 mg L−1 mT + 0.25 mg L−1 NAA resulted in considerably higher number of shoots (17.53) with mean shoot length (7.06 cm) and maximum number of bulblets (2.74). Positive effect of increased sucrose concentration (90 g L−1) alone or with paclobutrazol (5 mg L−1) on in vitro bulblet formation and bulblet size was observed respectively. The superiority of mT over BAP was also found during in vitro rhizogenesis. Shoots raised on the mT medium were healthy and long enough, thus showed better rooting response (63.83%) on ½ MS medium + 0.5 mg L−1 IAA after 4 weeks of incubation. About 89.16% survival rate was recorded for in vitro raised plantlets under ex vitro conditions. Analysis of clonal fidelity of thirteen in vitro regenerated plants was done using SCoT markers. Out of 36 primers, 13 primers showed clearly scorable monomorphic bands, thus displaying genetic uniformity among in vitro regenerated plantlets. This mT mediated protocol can be routinely used for the rapid large scale production of this valuable floriculture crop.Key messageReliable and consistent mT mediated protocol for in vitro regeneration of Dutch iris was established, which can be applied for rapid large scale production of this valuable floriculture crop and will also open up the way for genetic engineering/gene editing in iris and other bulbous crops.
Journal Article
Correction: Blossoms amid drought: a bibliometric mapping of research on drought stress in ornamental plants (1995–2025)
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1644092.].
Journal Article
Phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from greenhouse ornamentals improve health and promote growth in French marigold ‘Durango Yellow’ grown in soilless substrate under phosphate limiting conditions
Background
Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can break down insoluble forms of phosphorus such as Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
. In several soil grown crops, PSB inoculation improved phosphorus nutrition. However, positive results are inconsistent and there is comparably little information about PSB efficacy in soilless culture systems. This study aimed to identify phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) from a greenhouse rhizobacteria collection that could be used to improve floriculture crop growth and health under phosphorus limiting conditions.
Results
A bromophenol blue (pH indicator) based colorimetric assay was used to identify bacterial isolates that acidified the culture media. From the collection of 1044 bacteria, 35 isolates that reduced media pH were identified, and their phosphate solubilization capacity was quantified. The top 14 PSB were selected for whole-genome sequencing. The isolates belonged to genera
Enterobacter
(8),
Pantoea
(5), and
Raoultella
(1). In planta effects of strains C2B11 and C8D10 were evaluated in French marigolds (
Tagetes patula
) grown in a peat-based substrate (pH = 7). Phosphorus was supplemented weekly as insoluble Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
. C2B11 and C8D10 inoculated marigolds were greener than non-inoculated controls. Only C2B11 increased shoot digital biomass and bloom area.
Conclusions
Bromophenol blue proved useful to identify bacteria that reduced culture media pH, but not all identified isolates showed high phosphate solubilization.
Pantoea formicae
C8D10 and
Pantoea trifolii
C2B11 strains improved growth or health of marigolds grown in soilless substrate under phosphate limiting conditions. We showed the applicability of bromophenol blue for high-throughput PSB identification. C8D10 and C2B11 are phosphate solubilizing bacteria native to soilless substrate systems, and both strains have potential for use as biostimulants to support phosphorus management in ornamental greenhouse production.
Journal Article
Production and quality of ornamental peppers cultivated under colored shade nets
The cultivation of ornamental peppers in places with high temperature and incidence of solar radiation limits the production and quality of plants and fruits. The colored shade nets were introduced and adopted, because they reduce the temperature and intensity of solar radiation, as well as, low cost and simple to handle. The aimed was to evaluate the production and quality of C. chinense and C. frutescens cultivated under colored shade nets. The experiment was developed in the Floriculture Sector of the Agronomy Department of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil from February to August 2021 in entirely randomized design. C. chinense and C. frutescens were cultivated under red, pearl and aluminet nets with 35% shading and without net. At 150 days, production variables were quantified. The red net reduced the maximum temperature by at 4.1ºC and the pearl and aluminet nets reduced the minimum temperature by 3ºC. The maximum and minimum relative humidity was increased by 2.6 and 8.5%, respectively, by the red net. The pearl net obtained the lowest percentage of solar radiation incidence. Plant height was greater in the red and pearl nets, and C. frutescens. The diameter and stem fresh matter did not differ statistically between treatments. Root length was greater in the red and aluminet nets. The longitudinal and transverse canopy ratio was higher in C. chinense cultivated under the aluminet net. The number of leaves and leaves fresh matter was higher in pearl and aluminet net, and in C. frutescens, but leaves dry matter was higher in C. chinense. The number of flower buds and flowers, and flower buds dry matter was higher in C. chinense. The root fresh matter and dry matter was greater in C. chinese. The use of colored shade nets during the cultivation period effectively reduced temperature and light intensity. The aluminet net in association with C. chinense are recommended considering the compactness of height, pot coverage, greater number, shape and arrangement of fruits.
Journal Article
The lost flowers of Alice Hart
\"After her family suffers a tragedy, nine-year-old Alice Hart is forced to leave her idyllic seaside home. She is taken in by her grandmother, June, a flower farmer who raises Alice on the language of Australian native flowers, a way to say the things that are too hard to speak. Under the watchful eye of June and the women who run the farm, Alice settles, but grows up increasingly frustrated by how little she knows of her family's story. In her early twenties, Alice's life is thrown into upheaval again, forcing her to flee to the dramatically beautiful central Australian desert. In this otherworldly landscape Alice thinks she has found solace, until she meets a charismatic and ultimately dangerous man.\"--Back cover.
Book
Plant Growth Promotion in Lalrise Vita–Treated French Marigolds Is Influenced by Fertilizer Rate
High fertilizer costs and environmental concerns are driving interest in biostimulants that promote plant growth and stress tolerance. This study evaluated the growth-promoting effects of Lalrise Vita, a commercial biostimulant containing the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria Bacillus velezensis , using French marigolds ( Tagetes patula ‘Durango Yellow’) at different fertilizer rates. A water-soluble fertilizer was applied once per week at 50, 150, 300, or 600 mg·L −1 nitrogen (N) from a 15N–2.2P–12.5K–4Ca–2Mg formulation. Lalrise Vita was applied once at transplant, at 0.25 g/plant, as a substrate drench, with untreated plants as controls. The plants were scanned using the TraitFinder (Phenospex), and digital shoot biomass, normalized pigment chlorophyll ratio index (NPCI), plant senescence reflectance index (PSRI), and canopy hue were used to identify differences in plant growth and quality. Lalrise Vita improved French marigold digital shoot biomass and overall plant quality (e.g., lower NPCI and PSRI) compared with untreated plants, with the greatest differences observed at the lower fertilizer rates of 50 and 150 mg·L −1 N. At 50, 150, and 600 mg·L −1 N, the treated plants had higher shoot tissue nitrogen and phosphorus content than untreated plants. These results support the use of Lalrise Vita to produce high-quality crops with reduced fertilizer inputs.
Journal Article