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Shape and Size Variability of the Gynostemium in Epipactis helleborine
Morphological variability of the gynostemium structure in Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz complicates species identification. A total of 122 flowers of E. helleborine were collected, prepared, and analysed for gynostemium morphological variation. Geometric morphometric methods (GMMs) and statistical tests were used to assess variation in the shape, size, and stigma inclination angle among populations, individual plants (ramets), and years of research. The results indicate that most variations in gynostemium shape and size show a correlation with population, with relatively little variation within populations or between research years. Both morphometric parameters and the overall structural pattern of gynostemium morphology, including dorsal, frontal, ventral, and right lateral views, should be considered for taxonomic identification of E. helleborine.
Journal Article
Flower farming for profit : the complete guide to growing a successful cut flower business
\"With practical, step-by-step instructions and on-the-ground examples at every scale, Flower Farming for Profit is a comprehensive, beautiful guide to achieving profitability as a cut flower farmer. When Lennie Larkin set out to become a flower farmer, she found all sorts of resources about growing flowers but a scarcity of reliable information on how to build a profitable cut flower business. How do you create efficient systems and adequately value your own time and effort through your pricing? When and how should you consider scaling up your farm? How can you make doing what you love support you financially? In Flower Farming for Profit, Larkin answers these questions-and many, many more. With instructive lessons and savvy business tips from her own and other successful farms around the world, she explores: -The diverse challenges of both wholesale and retail sales channels, from florists and farm stands to farmers markets -Streamlining weddings for the farmer-florist, from communications to floral design -Efficient recordkeeping and bookkeeping -Steps for conducting your own cost-of-production analysis -Marketing and growth strategies -Business planning, goal setting, and making financial projections -Crop planning based on local climatic conditions, market demand, and sales projections The cut flower industry continues to experience wild growth. To successfully do what they love while expanding the market for sustainably produced flowers, new and experienced farmers alike must deliberately step back from the field and into the office. Flower Farming for Profit is a one-of-a-kind guide to creating the type of numbers-driven business that will allow individual farms to prosper and local flower economies to thrive\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
A new purple-flowered Butia
Background and aims - The highlands of the Chapada dos Veadeiros region comprise one of the largest savannah areas in central Brazil. The region includes large areas of the rare and little-known cerrado rupestre, which is home to numerous endemic species. During research on the Arecaceae flora of Chapada dos Veadeiros, a new species of Butia was discovered, and it is described here. Material and methods - The morphology and anatomy are described based on field collections. Following the default methodology, pinnae and flowers were analysed using LM (freehand cross- and longitudinal sections) and SEM. The new species is compared to its morphologically similar species from the Brazilian central plateau, and an identification key and distribution map were established. Key results - At first sight, the new species Butia soffiae resembles B. archeri, but with staminate and pistillate flowers, which are always purple, different in size, and congested in the rachillae. After close inspection, it is morphologically allied to B. buenopolensis, differing mainly by its glaucous peduncular bract - similar size to the inflorescence, herbaceous peduncle, numerous rachillae, purple floral colour, and inconspicuous staminodes. Differences in leaf anatomy, such as the presence of raphides, a cross-sectionally truncated midrib, and the number of accessory bundles on the midrib, also support the description of a new species. Two structures were recorded for the first time for the genus: squamiform trichomes at the base of the pistil and osmophores on the staminodes. The new species is assessed as Critically Endangered based on the restricted area of occurrence and anthropogenic threats. Conclusion - Butia soffiae is the first endemic Butia species described in Chapada dos Veadeiros. The type population is located near Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, which is the subject of a bill that aims to reduce its area by 73%. The discovery of this new species reinforces the uniqueness of the local flora and the importance of maintaining the park. Keywords: acaulescent, Goiás State, new species, Palmae , plant anatomy, raphides, squamiform trichomes, taxonomy
Journal Article
ClOsub.2 Prolongs the Vase Life of Paeonia lactiflora ‘Hushui Dangxia’ Cut Flowers by Inhibiting Bacterial Growth at the Stem Base
Rapid wilting after harvest greatly decreases the ornamental and economic value of fresh-cut flowers. To determine how chlorine dioxide (ClO[sub.2]) affects postharvest flower quality, Paeonia lactiflora ‘Hushui Dangxia’ cut flowers in bottles were treated with different concentrations of ClO[sub.2] (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L[sup.−1]). Among the treatments, ClO[sub.2] 75 (i.e., 75 mg L[sup.−1]) decreased the bacterial growth and lignin content at the P. lactiflora flower stem base, while also decreasing the degree of flower stem vessel blockage. Additionally, the ClO[sub.2] 75 treatment increased the relative fresh weight, water balance, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase), but decreased the malondialdehyde content and ethylene release rate of P. lactiflora cut flowers. Thus, the aging of P. lactiflora flowers was delayed, thereby maintaining the cut flower quality. Furthermore, the vase life (i.e., ornamental period) increased by three days.
Journal Article
Living floral : entertaining and decorating with flowers
\"For this inspirational, yet instructive, book Shaw presents portraits of top tastemakers at home who share their joy of flowers. From interior designers Charlotte Moss, Suzanne Rheinstein, and Bunny Williams, and event designer Tara Guerard to floral and garden experts Sybil Sylvester and P. Allen Smith and culinary consultant Alex Hitz, these luminaries impart their personal botanical point of view. They show how to incorporate flowers in home decor and present numerous ways to entertain with flair. Interior designers illustrate how eclectic furnishings work well with floral and botanical accents in fabric, wallpaper, artwork, and accessories to shape chic indoor spaces. We will learn how traditionalists and modernists put together an attractive table; for example, by mixing heirloom silver with simple white china and bright flowers arranged in everyday glass containers. This gorgeously photographed book concludes with a primer on such topics as extending the life of fresh-cut flowers and assembling a table runner of charming blooms. Living Floral is a must-have for flower and interior design enthusiasts, as well as home gardeners.\"--Publisher's description
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