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"Flowering cherries"
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The sakura obsession : the incredible story of the plant hunter who saved Japan's cherry blossoms
\"Collingwood 'Cherry' Ingram first fell in love with the sakura, or cherry tree, when he visited Japan on his honeymoon in 1907. So taken with the plant, he brought back hundreds of cuttings with him to England, where he created a garden of cherry varieties. In 1926, he learned that the Great White Cherry had become extinct in Japan. Six years later, he buried a living cutting from his own collection in a potato and repatriated it via the Trans-Siberian Express. In the years that followed, Ingram sent more than 100 varieties of cherry tree to new homes around the globe, from Auckland to Washington. As much a history of the cherry blossom in Japan as it is the story of one remarkable man, the narrative follows the flower from its adoption as a national symbol in 794, through its use as an emblem of imperialism in the 1930s, to the present-day worldwide obsession with forecasting the exact moment of the trees' flowering\"-- Publisher's description.
Book
Comparative analysis of the complete plastid genomes in Prunus subgenus Cerasus
Prunus subgenus Cerasus (cherry) is an economically important group that distributed in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. However, shared interspecific morphological traits and variability across taxa of Cerasus are among the impediments to taxonomic efforts to correctly delimit taxa. This is further complicated by a lack of genetic information on these taxa, with no focused genomic or phylogenetic studies being done on Cerasus. In this study, we conducted comparative analysis on the complete plastid genomes (plastomes) of 20 Cerasus species to gain a greater understanding of the attributes of the plastome of these taxa while helping resolve their phylogenetic placement in Prunus sensu lato and interspecific relationships within the subgenus. Our results displayed that (1) the plastomes of the 20 Cerasus species studied exhibited a typical quadripartite structure with conversed genome arrangement, structure, and moderate divergence. (2) The average size of complete plastomes for the Cerasus taxa studied was 157,861 bp, ranging from 157,458 to 158,024 bp. A total of 134 genes were annotated, including 86 protein-coding genes, 40 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs across all species. In simple sequence repeat analysis, we found Cerasus had a comparable number of dispersed and tandem repeats to those identified in other angiosperm taxa, with only P. pseudocerasus found to contain trinucleotide repeats. Nucleotide diversity analysis revealed that the trnG-GCC gene and rpl32-trnL region had the highest Pi value showing potential as phylogenetic markers. (3) Two phylogenetic trees of the plastomes verified the monophyletic relationship of Cerasus and provided a more resolved species-level phylogeny. Our study provides detailed plastome information for exploring the phylogeny of subg. Cerasus taxa. We identified various types of repeats and nucleotide diversity hotspots, which can be a reference for species identification and reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships.
Journal Article
Integrative analyses of metabolome and transcriptome reveals metabolomic variations and candidate genes involved in sweet cherry
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), one of the most appreciated and most important commercial temperate fruits, has high sensory quality and nutritional value. Investigating its metabolic variations provides valuable information on the formation of fruit quality. In this study, widely targeted LC-MS/MS based metabolomics was used to identify and quantify metabolic changes during 'Black Pearl' sweet cherry development and ripening. A total of 263 significant differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were detected during the four fruit-development stages. Significant differences were observed in the composition and content of compounds in the four stages of cherry development, especially sugars, organic acids, and flavonoids. Moreover, transcriptome analysis provided a molecular basis for metabolic variations during fruit development. A total of 6724 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Further correlation analysis of major DEMs and DEGs showed that 19 key DEGs were involved in sugar metabolism, 23 key DEGs in organic acid metabolism, and 13 key DEGs in flavonoid metabolism. The upregulated genes involved in the flavonoid pathway probably play an important role in regulating the rapid increase of anthocyanin content during fruit development. These comprehensive analysis data provide a better understanding to improve fruit quality traits based on molecular and metabolic levels.
Journal Article
fWeed Management Reduces Wild Bee Diversity in Cherry Orchards of the Moroccan Middle Atlas
Pollinators are essential for the productivity of many fruit crops, yet their diversity and abundance can be strongly influenced by local management practices. This study investigates the impact of weed management on the abundance and diversity of wild bee communities in Moroccan cherry orchards (Ain Leuh, Middle Atlas). Using a sampling strategy combining pan traps in the orchard and netting on the cherry flowers and the weeds during the cherry bloom season, we found that weeded orchards had significantly higher bee abundance (i.e., number of specimens), while unweeded orchards supported greater species richness (i.e., number of species). Vegetation structure significantly influences bee activity and the performance of sampling techniques. Yellow pan traps contributed to collecting more individuals in weeded orchards, likely due to enhanced visual contrast in the absence of floral cues. Across all sites, the most observed flower visitors included species from the genera Andrena and Lasioglossum, known as important cherry pollinators. These findings highlight the ecological value of maintaining wildflower resources through reduced weed management intensity and suggest that enhancing floral complexity in orchards can support more diverse and abundant pollinator communities, with potential benefits for crop pollination services.
Journal Article
Prediction of potential suitable distribution for sweet cherry
The sweet cherry (Prunus avium) is among deciduous fruit trees with high economic value and its planting area is gradually expanding. However, little was known about its accurately suitable area in China. Herein, the potential distributions were modeled based on the MaxEnt model under the current conditions. Its performance was excellent, with AUCs >0.9 for model training and testing. The key environmental factors were the thermal factors (minimum temperature of the coldest month (bio06) from -14.5 to 4.5°C, the mean temperature of the warmest quarter (bio10) from 21.0 to 28.0°C), followed by the water factor (the annual precipitation (bio12) from 500 to 1200 mm), indicating that it is not resistant to cold and heat, nor is it resistant to drought or floods. The suitable area in China mainly is found in seven geographical regions including southwest China (eastern Sichuan, northeast and main urban areas of Chongqing, mid-western Guizhou and mid-northern Yunnan), northwest China (mid-southern Shaanxi, southern Ningxia mid-southern and eastern Gansu), northeast China (Coastal region of Liaoning), central China (most of Henan, mid-northern Hubei and central Hunan), north China (Beijing, Tianjing, mid-southern Shanxi), east China (Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong, central Zhejiang, central and northern Anhui and eastern Jiangxi) and south China (western Guangxi). Based on statistical analysis, these fourteen provinces or cities, namely, Shaanxi, Beijing, Tianjing, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Liaoning and Hubei were the main regions for current development and utilization while for the twelve provinces with higher moderate suitable areas, namely, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Liaoning, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and Guangxi, we should supplement the appropriate irrigation and winter insulation facilities etc. Additionally, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, also have been identified to have some potentially suitable areas. These information will help avoid the loss of human labor, material, and financial resources and provide a scientific basis for its current introduction, cultivation, and management.
Journal Article
Draft genome sequence of wild Prunus yedoensis reveals massive inter-specific hybridization between sympatric flowering cherries
Background
Hybridization is an important evolutionary process that results in increased plant diversity. Flowering
Prunus
includes popular cherry species that are appreciated worldwide for their flowers. The ornamental characteristics were acquired both naturally and through artificially hybridizing species with heterozygous genomes. Therefore, the genome of hybrid flowering
Prunus
presents important challenges both in plant genomics and evolutionary biology.
Results
We use long reads to sequence and analyze the highly heterozygous genome of wild
Prunus yedoensis
. The genome assembly covers > 93% of the gene space; annotation identified 41,294 protein-coding genes. Comparative analysis of the genome with 16 accessions of six related taxa shows that 41% of the genes were assigned into the maternal or paternal state. This indicates that wild
P. yedoensis
is an F1 hybrid originating from a cross between maternal
P. pendula
f.
ascendens
and paternal
P
.
jamasakura
, and it can be clearly distinguished from its confusing taxon, Yoshino cherry. A focused analysis of the S-locus haplotypes of closely related taxa distributed in a sympatric natural habitat suggests that reduced restriction of inter-specific hybridization due to strong gametophytic self-incompatibility is likely to promote complex hybridization of wild
Prunus
species and the development of a hybrid swarm.
Conclusions
We report the draft genome assembly of a natural hybrid
Prunus
species using long-read sequencing and sequence phasing. Based on a comprehensive comparative genome analysis with related taxa, it appears that cross-species hybridization in sympatric habitats is an ongoing process that facilitates the diversification of flowering
Prunus
.
Journal Article
Plastomic evolution and genetic diversity of cultivated sweet cheery in China
Prunus avium (L.) L. commonly known as sweet cherry, represents an economically significant tree species valued for its fruit production, rootstock potential, and timber quality. With an extensive domestication history spanning centuries, this species has given rise to numerous modern cultivars. Understanding the genomic variation and genetic diversity within P. avium cultivars is crucial for advancing breeding programs and optimizing resource utilization. While the nuclear genome of P. avium has been well characterized, the intraspecific variation of its plastome (plastid genome) remains largely unexplored. In this study, we conducted analyses of 110 plastomes representing 34 genetically distinct sweet cherry cultivars, including 98 newly assembled plastomes from varieties cultivated in China. The complete plastomes ranged in size from 157,667 to 157,987 base pairs, with a consistent GC content of approximately 36.7%. Phylogenetic reconstruction, and principal component analysis (PCA) consistently identified three major lineages, two of which displayed remarkably low genetic diversity. Among the 110 P. avium accessions, we identified 11 distinct plastid haplotypes, with approximately 70% accessions sharing a common haplotype (Hap2). Comparative analysis demonstrated significantly reduced genetic diversity in modern cultivars compared to landraces and wild accessions, reflecting extensive clonal propagation in commercial breeding programs. Furthermore, we identified lineage-specific mutation hotspots and developed potential molecular markers for cultivar discrimination. This study elucidates the evolutionary patterns and plastomic architectureof China's predominant cultivated sweet cherry varieties. These findings provide a critical bridge toward comprehensive cherry pan-plastome research while establishing foundational insights into the domestication history of this economically significant species.
Journal Article
Integrative analyses of metabolome and transcriptome reveals metabolomic variations and candidate genes involved in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit quality during development and ripening
Sweet cherry ( Prunus avium L.), one of the most appreciated and most important commercial temperate fruits, has high sensory quality and nutritional value. Investigating its metabolic variations provides valuable information on the formation of fruit quality. In this study, widely targeted LC-MS/MS based metabolomics was used to identify and quantify metabolic changes during ‘Black Pearl’ sweet cherry development and ripening. A total of 263 significant differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were detected during the four fruit-development stages. Significant differences were observed in the composition and content of compounds in the four stages of cherry development, especially sugars, organic acids, and flavonoids. Moreover, transcriptome analysis provided a molecular basis for metabolic variations during fruit development. A total of 6724 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Further correlation analysis of major DEMs and DEGs showed that 19 key DEGs were involved in sugar metabolism, 23 key DEGs in organic acid metabolism, and 13 key DEGs in flavonoid metabolism. The upregulated genes involved in the flavonoid pathway probably play an important role in regulating the rapid increase of anthocyanin content during fruit development. These comprehensive analysis data provide a better understanding to improve fruit quality traits based on molecular and metabolic levels.
Journal Article
MYB transcription factor family in sweet cherry
Back ground In the current study, a total of 69 MYB genes were investigated from sweet cherry genome and classified into 28 subfamilies (C1-C28 based on phylogenetic and structural analysis). Microcollinearity analysis revealed that dispersed duplication (DSD) events might play an important role in the MYB genes family expansion. Chromosomal localization, the synonymous (Ks) and nonsynonymous (Ka) analysis, molecular characteristics (pI, weight and length of amino acids) and subcellular localization were accomplished using several bioinformatics tools. Furthermore, the members of distinct subfamilies have diverse cis-acting regions, conserved motifs, and intron-exon architectures, indicating functional heterogeneity in the MYB family. Moreover, the transcriptomic data exposed that MYB genes might play vital role in bud dormancy. The quantitative real-time qRT-PCR was carried out and the expression pattern indicated that MYB genes significantly expressed in floral bud as compared to flower and fruit. Our comprehensive findings provide supportive insights into the evolutions, expansion complexity and functionality of PavMYB genes. These PavMYB genes should be further investigated as they seem to be brilliant candidates for dormancy manipulation in sweet cherry.
Journal Article
Effect of Aged Cherry Orchard Soil on the Potted Seedling Growth of IMalus hupehensis/I Rehd
Due to the aging of trees, aged apple and cherry orchards need to be rebuilt urgently. However, due to the limitation of land resources, it is inevitable to rebuild the apple orchard by taking the aged cherry orchard as a replacement, which will lead to replant disease and seriously affect the sustainable development of the horticulture industry. This study investigated the effect of aged cherry orchard soil on the growth of M. hupehensis seedlings grown in pots, and it was further verified that allelochemicals in soil were one of the reasons for this effect. Three treatments were implemented: aged apple orchard soil (ppl), aged cherry orchard soil (pyl), and aged cherry orchard soil after fumigation with methyl bromide (pyz). Compared with pyz, pyl treatment significantly decreased the biomass, root growth, and antioxidant enzyme activity of M. hupehensis seedlings, and increased the content of MDA. Compared with ppl, pyl contains a smaller number of fungi and bacteria, but the abundance of the four disease-causing Fusarium remained high. In addition, the levels of allelochemicals found in the soil of aged cherry orchards can inhibit the normal growth and development of M. hupehensis seedlings. Amygdalin most strongly inhibited these seedlings. In summary, directly planting M. hupehensis seedlings in the soil of the aged cherry orchards still inhibits their normal growth and development, although the seedlings grow better than in aged apple orchard soil. Therefore, it is not feasible to directly plant M. hupehensis seedlings in the soil of aged cherry orchards, and measures should be taken to eliminate allelochemicals such as amygdalin and harmful microorganisms.
Journal Article