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Computational fluid-structure interaction
\"Computational Fluid-Structure Interaction is a complete, self-contained reference that takes the reader from the fundamentals of computational fluid and solid mechanics all the way to the state-of-the-art in CFSI research\"--
eBook
A chronological catalog of methods and solutions in the Space–Time Computational Flow Analysis: I. Finite element analysis
The Space–Time Computational Flow Analysis (STCFA) started in 1990 with the inception of the Deforming-Spatial-Domain/Stabilized Space–Time (DSD/SST) method. The DSD/SST was introduced as a moving-mesh method for flows with moving boundaries and interfaces, which is a wide class of problems that includes fluid–particle interactions, fluid–structure interactions (FSI), and free-surface and multi-fluid flows. The first 3D computations were reported in 1992. The original DSD/SST method is now called “ST-SUPS,” reflecting its stabilization components. As the STCFA evolved, advanced mesh moving methods, FSI coupling methods, and problem-class-specific methods were introduced to increase its scope and the ST Variational Multiscale was introduced to upgrade its stabilization components to the VMS. Complementary general-purpose methods developed in the evolution of the STCFA include the ST Isogeometric Analysis (ST-IGA) and the ST Slip Interface (ST-SI) and ST Topology Change (ST-TC) methods. The ST-IGA delivers superior accuracy through IGA basis functions not only in space but also in time. The ST-SI enables high-fidelity moving-mesh computations even over meshes made of patches with nonmatching meshes at the interfaces between those patches. The ST-TC enables high-fidelity moving-mesh computations even in the presence of topology changes in the fluid mechanics domain, such as an actual contact between moving solid surfaces. The STCFA brought first-of-its-kind solutions in many classes of problems, ranging from fluid–particle interactions in particle-laden flows to FSI in parachute aerodynamics, flapping-wing aerodynamics of an actual locust to ventricle-valve-aorta flow analysis to car and tire aerodynamics with near-actual geometries, road contact, and tire deformation. With the success we see in so many classes of problems, we can conclude that the STCFA has reached a level of remarkable sophistication, scope, and practical value. We present a chronological catalog of the methods and solutions in the STCFA. In
Part I
of this two-part article, we focus on the methods and solutions in finite element analysis.
Journal Article
Eulerian simulation of complex suspensions and biolocomotion in three dimensions
We present a numerical method specifically designed for simulating three-dimensional fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problems based on the reference map technique (RMT). The RMT is a fully Eulerian FSI numerical method that allows fluids and large-deformation elastic solids to be represented on a single fixed computational grid. This eliminates the need for meshing complex geometries typical in other FSI approaches and greatly simplifies the coupling between fluid and solids. We develop a three-dimensional implementation of the RMT, parallelized using the distributed memory paradigm, to simulate incompressible FSI with neo-Hookean solids. As part of our method, we develop a field extrapolation scheme that works efficiently in parallel. Through representative examples, we demonstrate the method’s suitability in investigating many-body and active systems, as well as its accuracy and convergence. The examples include settling of a mixture of heavy and buoyant soft ellipsoids, lid-driven cavity flow containing a soft sphere, and swimmers actuated via active stress.
Journal Article
Local Existence of Strong Solutions of a Fluid–Structure Interaction Model
We are interested in studying a system coupling the compressible Navier–Stokes equations with an elastic structure located at the boundary of the fluid domain. Initially the fluid domain is rectangular and the beam is located on the upper side of the rectangle. The elastic structure is modeled by an Euler–Bernoulli damped beam equation. We prove the local in time existence of strong solutions for that coupled system.
Journal Article
Computational fluid dynamics-multibody system dynamics bidirectional coupling calculation and flow-induced vibration evaluation of a high-speed pantograph-catenary system
Increasing the speed of a pantograph deteriorates its aerodynamic performance and aggravates the problem of flow-induced vibration, which is not conducive to the stability of the pantograph - catenary system (PCS). Currently, commercial high-speed trains operate at speeds exceeding 350 km/h, with line test speeds exceeding 450 km/h, making the impact of airflow on pantograph dynamics increasingly significant. Therefore, a simulation study on the bidirectional coupling between pantograph aerodynamics and structural dynamics is urgently needed. This study proposes a bidirectional coupling method for the pantograph based on overset grids. The user-defined functions (UDF) in Fluent enable real-time data exchange between aerodynamic forces and structural displacements. The flow field was modelled using the Shear Stress Transport k-ω turbulence model and Reynolds-averaged Navier - Stokes equations, and the dynamics is computed by Newmark-Beta solving the differential equations. It was found that the calculation method in this study was reliable and efficient. The motion of the pantograph assembly in the flow field will change the airflow mode, thus affecting the aerodynamic characteristics of the assembly, and the high-frequency and stochastic aerodynamic excitation will lead to an increase in vibration of the pantograph assembly, especially at the contact strip. For example, when the pantograph operated in the knuckle-upstream direction at 450 km/h, it exhibited poor PCS interaction, with a mean contact force of 50 N, a standard deviation of 36 N, and an overall offline rate of 7%. This study introduced a novel approach to pantograph fluid - structure coupling, offering valuable insights for predicting high-speed pantograph performance and evaluating PCS interactions.
Journal Article
Study on elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance of double-layer composite water-lubricated bearings
Double-layer composite water-lubricated bearing is a new type of water-lubricated bearing which can integrate the good damping performance of low elastic under-layer bush and good tribological performance of plastic layer bush. This paper analyzes its elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance by fluid–structure interaction (FSI) method, and studies the effects of eccentricity ratio, rotational speed, elastic modulus distribution and thickness distribution of bearing bush on its lubrication performance. Results show that the lubrication performance of double-layer bearing is more like that of plastic bearing. As rotational speed and eccentricity ratio increase, the maximum water film pressure, the load carrying capacity and the maximum bush deformation increase significantly. As the elastic modulus of the low elastic under-layer bush decreases, the total bush deformation increases significantly, but the load carrying capacity decreases slightly. The bush thickness distribution influences the deformation distribution of both low elastic under-layer bush and plastic layer bush, but have little impact on the total bush deformation and bearing lubrication performance.
Journal Article
Refactorization of Cauchy’s Method: A Second-Order Partitioned Method for Fluid–Thick Structure Interaction Problems
This work focuses on the derivation and the analysis of a novel, strongly-coupled partitioned method for fluid–structure interaction problems. The flow is assumed to be viscous and incompressible, and the structure is modeled using linear elastodynamics equations. We assume that the structure is thick, i.e., modeled using the same number of spatial dimensions as fluid. Our newly developed numerical method is based on Robin boundary conditions, as well as on the refactorization of the Cauchy’s one-legged ‘
θ
-like’ method, written as a sequence of Backward Euler–Forward Euler steps used to discretize the problem in time. This family of methods, parametrized by
θ
, is B-stable for any
θ
∈
[
1
2
,
1
]
and second-order accurate for
θ
=
1
2
+
O
(
τ
)
, where
τ
is the time step. In the proposed algorithm, the fluid and structure sub-problems, discretized using the Backward Euler scheme, are first solved iteratively until convergence. Then, the variables are linearly extrapolated, equivalent to solving Forward Euler problems. We prove that the iterative procedure is convergent, and that the proposed method is stable provided
θ
∈
[
1
2
,
1
]
. Numerical examples, based on the finite element discretization in space, explore convergence rates using different values of parameters in the problem, and compare our method to other strongly-coupled partitioned schemes from the literature. We also compare our method to both a monolithic and a non-iterative partitioned solver on a benchmark problem with parameters within the physiological range of blood flow, obtaining an excellent agreement with the monolithic scheme.
Journal Article
A Review of Topology Optimisation for Fluid-Based Problems
This review paper provides an overview of the literature for topology optimisation of fluid-based problems, starting with the seminal works on the subject and ending with a snapshot of the state of the art of this rapidly developing field. “Fluid-based problems” are defined as problems where at least one governing equation for fluid flow is solved and the fluid–solid interface is optimised. In addition to fluid flow, any number of additional physics can be solved, such as species transport, heat transfer and mechanics. The review covers 186 papers from 2003 up to and including January 2020, which are sorted into five main groups: pure fluid flow; species transport; conjugate heat transfer; fluid–structure interaction; microstructure and porous media. Each paper is very briefly introduced in chronological order of publication. A quantititive analysis is presented with statistics covering the development of the field and presenting the distribution over subgroups. Recommendations for focus areas of future research are made based on the extensive literature review, the quantitative analysis, as well as the authors’ personal experience and opinions. Since the vast majority of papers treat steady-state laminar pure fluid flow, with no recent major advancements, it is recommended that future research focuses on more complex problems, e.g., transient and turbulent flow.
Journal Article