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Many of the traditions which we think of as very ancient in their origins were not in fact sanctioned by long usage over the centuries, but were invented comparatively recently. This book explores examples of this process of invention – the creation of Welsh and Scottish 'national culture'; the elaboration of British royal rituals in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; the origins of imperial rituals in British India and Africa; and the attempts by radical movements to develop counter-traditions of their own. It addresses the complex interaction of past and present, bringing together historians and anthropologists in a fascinating study of ritual and symbolism which poses new questions for the understanding of our history.

\"The Madame Murat’s fairy tales that make up this collection are influenced by various literary traditions whose imprint is visible in the motifs and subjects treated, but also in the anthroponyms chosen by the author. The aim of this study is to investigate these influences by analyzing the names of characters from literary sources. Thus, Constantine / Constantin, Richardin, Fortuné, Lucidan or Isotte belong to the folkloric world of Straparola’s Le piacevoli notti. Pactole or Philomela are indebted to Greek mythology. Princess Ondine and the people of the Ondins are linked to Nordic mythology and to the Cabala, whose main representative from the onomastic point of view is Gabalis. Finally, the Matter of Britain is evoked in the names of Merlin and Merline.\"

During the Anthropocene, science and folklore have been efficient explanatory models of the world. However, numerous studies suggest a convergence of both perspectives in contemporary mass media productions, being Japanese animation a clear example. The aim of the research presented here was to analyse how science and folklore are integrated and opposed in Aoyama’s Detective Conan, an anime where cases often happen in rural Japan and where folk references confront Conan’s detective reasoning. To reach this objective, a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative study of the presence of folklore in this work—through aspects such as characterisation or narratives—was conducted in 75 cases and over 155 episodes which include references to folklore in their background, plot, or characters. The analysis revealed that, when folklore and science interact, rational thinking is usually preferred over folk beliefs; characters are stereotyped according to their genre or origins; and, more importantly, supernatural beliefs can be included in detective fiction without being ridiculed by the most rational characters.

  Abstract. One of the main reasons for the decline in the level of the nation's health is the low manifestation of physical activity in school-age children. The study is relevant because it explores one of the effective ways to solve this issue – the introduction of physical folk games (PFG) in the educational system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This will affect the physical development of schoolchildren and increase their involvement during physical education lessons. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of physical activities in traditional Kazakh physical games. For this, the types of Kazakh PFGs were studied, their classification was developed, a survey was conducted among schoolchildren to find out their interest in folk games. After that, an educational experiment was set up, during which the positive influence of PFG on the development of the physical skills of children at physical education lessons became evident. It was discovered that the indicators of physical mobility of schoolchildren significantly improved: the number of students with a low level of physical mobility (PM) decreased from 50% to 13%, and the average level of PM in schoolchildren increased from 31% to 62%. Due to the developments of this study, it is possible to continue work on the implementation of PFGs in the educational process, since this process is accessible. Physical folk games do not require complex equipment, expensive buildings, and special conditions. It is also important to study the impact of Kazakh PFGs not only on children with normal development but also on children with special educational needs. Resumen. Una de las principales razones del deterioro del nivel de salud de la nación es la baja manifestación de actividad física por parte de los niños en edad escolar. El artículo es relevante porque explora una de las formas efectivas de resolver este problema - la introducción de juegos folclóricos al aire libre en el sistema educativo de la República de Kazajstán. Esto afectará el desarrollo físico de los escolares y aumentará su participación durante las lecciones de educación física. El propósito de este estudio fue estudiar la efectividad de los juegos tradicionales kazajos al aire libre. Para esto se estudiaron los tipos de juegos populares kazajos al aire libre, se desarrolló su clasificación, se realizó una encuesta entre escolares para conocer su interés en los juegos folclóricos. Después de eso, se organizó un experimento pedagógico, durante el cual se hizo evidente la influencia positiva de juegos folclóricos al aire libre en el desarrollo de las habilidades físicas de los niños durante las lecciones de educación física. Se reveló que los indicadores de movilidad física de los escolares mejoraron significativamente: el número de estudiantes con un bajo nivel de movilidad física (MF) disminuyó del 50% al 13%, y el nivel promedio de MF de los escolares aumentó del 31% al 62%. Gracias al desarrollo de este estudio, es posible continuar trabajando en la implementación de juegos folclóricos al aire libre en el proceso educativo, ya que este proceso es accesible: los juegos folclóricos al aire libre no requieren equipos complejos, edificios costosos y condiciones especiales. También es importante estudiar la influencia de juegos folclóricos kazajas al aire libre no solo en los niños con normas de desarrollo, sino también en los niños con necesidades educativas especiales. Resumen. Una de las principales razones del deterioro del nivel de salud de la nación es la baja manifestación de actividad física por parte de los niños en edad escolar. El artículo es relevante porque explora una de las formas efectivas de resolver este problema - la introducción de juegos folclóricos al aire libre en el sistema educativo de la República de Kazajstán. Esto afectará el desarrollo físico de los escolares y aumentará su participación durante las lecciones de educación física. El propósito de este estudio fue estudiar la efectividad de los juegos tradicionales kazajos al aire libre. Para esto se estudiaron los tipos de juegos populares kazajos al aire libre, se desarrolló su clasificación, se realizó una encuesta entre escolares para conocer su interés en los juegos folclóricos. Después de eso, se organizó un experimento pedagógico, durante el cual se hizo evidente la influencia positiva de juegos folclóricos al aire libre en el desarrollo de las habilidades físicas de los niños durante las lecciones de educación física. Se reveló que los indicadores de movilidad física de los escolares mejoraron significativamente: el número de estudiantes con un bajo nivel de movilidad física (MF) disminuyó del 50% al 13%, y el nivel promedio de MF de los escolares aumentó del 31% al 62%. Gracias al desarrollo de este estudio, es posible continuar trabajando en la implementación de juegos folclóricos al aire libre en el proceso educativo, ya que este proceso es accesible: los juegos folclóricos al aire libre no requieren equipos complejos, edificios costosos y condiciones especiales. También es importante estudiar la influencia de juegos folclóricos kazajas al aire libre no solo en los niños con normas de desarrollo, sino también en los niños con necesidades educativas especiales. Abstract. One of the main reasons for the decline in the level of the nation's health is the low manifestation of physical activity in school-age children. The study is relevant because it explores one of the effective ways to solve this issue – the introduction of physical folk games (PFG) in the educational system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This will affect the physical development of schoolchildren and increase their involvement during physical education lessons. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of physical activities in traditional Kazakh physical games. For this, the types of Kazakh PFGs were studied, their classification was developed, a survey was conducted among schoolchildren to find out their interest in folk games. After that, an educational experiment was set up, during which the positive influence of PFG on the development of the physical skills of children at physical education lessons became evident. It was discovered that the indicators of physical mobility of schoolchildren significantly improved: the number of students with a low level of physical mobility (PM) decreased from 50% to 13%, and the average level of PM in schoolchildren increased from 31% to 62%. Due to the developments of this study, it is possible to continue work on the implementation of PFGs in the educational process, since this process is accessible. Physical folk games do not require complex equipment, expensive buildings, and special conditions. It is also important to study the impact of Kazakh PFGs not only on children with normal development but also on children with special educational needs. Resumo. Uma das principais razões para o declínio do nível de saúde do país é a baixa manifestação de atividade física em crianças em idade escolar. O estudo é relevante porque explora uma das maneiras eficazes de resolver esse problema - a introdução de jogos folclóricos físicos (PFG) no sistema educacional da República do Cazaquistão. Isso afetará o desenvolvimento físico dos alunos e aumentará seu envolvimento durante as aulas de educação física. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a eficácia das atividades físicas em jogos físicos tradicionais do Cazaquistão. Para isso, os tipos de PFGs do Cazaquistão foram estudados, sua classificação foi desenvolvida, uma pesquisa foi realizada entre alunos para descobrir seu interesse por jogos populares. Em seguida, foi montado um experimento educacional, durante o qual ficou evidente a influência positiva do PFG no desenvolvimento das habilidades físicas das crianças nas aulas de educação física. Verificou-se que os indicadores de mobilidade física dos escolares melhoraram significativamente: o número de alunos com baixo nível de mobilidade física (PM) diminuiu de 50% para 13%, e o nível médio de PM dos escolares aumentou de 31% para 62 %. Com os desdobramentos deste estudo, é possível dar continuidade ao trabalho de implantação dos PFGs no processo educacional, uma vez que esse processo é acessível. Os jogos folclóricos físicos não requerem equipamentos complexos, edifícios caros e condições especiais. Também é importante estudar o impacto dos PFGs do Cazaquistão não apenas em crianças com desenvolvimento normal, mas também em crianças com necessidades educacionais especiais.

The present article is born with the intention of showing a retrospective vision of the traditional games and sports, rooted in the oral tradition, of a province like Segovia with a lot of historical weight within the Iberian Peninsula. The first line of research shows us how the practice, culture and folklore related to these practices have a common link: Be part of a wide network of royal canyons, Cañada Segoviana and the Occidental Cañada Leonesa, both communicated in the «Vera de la Sierra» canyon. The second line of research would be around the economy of the Mesta, the transhumance and the marketing of cloth. As a source of cultural transmission on a peninsular level. We will finish with a classification and reflection on the pedagogical resources that can facilitate us the teaching work from the school and its federated sport as the true exposition of what was and should be its practice.

This essay analyzes positive representations of superstition and aged femininity in Emilia Pardo Bazán’s travel narrative “En el castillo de Sobroso” (1888) and her short story “La Santa de Karnar” (1891). These works rewrite negative narratives of aging popular in Galician folksongs, which frequently targeted elderly peasant women (vellas) as objects of satire and ridicule. I argue that the positive framing of feminine senescence in these texts reflects the Galician author’s desire to incorporate both regional and feminine discourses into her articulation of the Spanish nation. Through her authorial intervention, Pardo Bazán positions herself, not unproblematically, as a privileged arbiter of Galician popular traditions, co-opting the vella into her cosmopolitan self-fashioning as a cultural elite.

Truyền kỳ, which is a genre of fantasy short stories, was formed and developed in the historic period of medieval literature of Vietnam in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Despite being derived from a similar Chinese genre, the truyền kỳ of Vietnam was the work of the endogenous development of the national fantasy short story, which was closely associated with folk literature and historical prose. However, at the time of its inception, as well as at the glorious top of this genre, truyền kỳ had never been accepted as an official genre. It was rather a metaphor for unorthodox discourse in formal Confucian society. The reason is that truyền kỳ founded the first elements of folk narrative genres that were considered inferior and which Confucius advised Confucians to reject. Therefore, truyền kỳ deeply influenced Confucian doctrines, yet in this genre by itself, the deficiencies of Confucian philosophy related to the metaphysical world were exposed in competition with other non Confucian religions that had emerged, such as Buddhism, Taoism, and especially folklore. By analyzing ghost stories that represent the most typical case or expression of the complex relationship between Confucianism and folklore in the Vietnamese truyền kỳ genre, this article concludes that all the ontological crises of Confucianists that manifested in truyền kỳ derived from this tradition of folklore which created a minor discourse of a Confucian literatus who wrote on the periphery of official Confucianism.

O presente artigo é decorrente de uma pesquisa qualitativa de doutorado que investiga, ancorada à teoria da Análise de Discurso fundada por Michel Pêcheux, o movimento discursivo e os efeitos de sentido que emergem em discursos de sujeitos-alunos de uma turma de etapa II (com 5 anos de idade), da educação infantil, em contato com as lendas folclóricas da Cabra-Cabriola e do Chibamba, ambas presentes no Ciclo da Angústia Infantil, postulado por Câmara Cascudo. O estudo busca investigar como os sujeitos se movem discursivamente, constroem sentidos e estabelecem relações de identificação com as lendas, especialmente em discursos sobre tonalidades de pele. Destacamos o uso do significante ‘cor de pele’, por meio do qual os sujeitos-alunos atribuíram sentidos às lendas. A pesquisa está inserida no campo dos estudos do discurso, analisando como as formulações discursivas indiciam efeitos da ideologia, memória discursiva e formações discursivas em circulação. Para isso, o trabalho contempla um recorte da coleta de dados realizada em uma escola municipal de educação infantil, localizada no município de Ribeirão Preto, estado de São Paulo, no início de 2023. Por ser de modalidade discursiva oral, os discursos foram primeiramente audiogravados, para posteriormente serem transcritos e analisados. Como resultados, observamos que o contexto sócio-histórico, as lutas sociais e a ideologia interpelam o discurso dos sujeitos e sustentam tanto a reprodução de formações discursivas dominantes quanto a produção de formações discursivas que se tornaram possíveis devido às transformações histórico-sociais.

Two remarkably similar depictions of spiders survive in Middle English and French sources from the middle of the thirteenth century. Both of these vernacular versions of the Physiologus deviate so wildly from their sources when it comes to describing these creatures that their editors have declared these passages to be entirely original. And yet, the spiders who survive in the Middle English Physiologus and the long version of the Bestiaire attributed to Pierre de Beauvais perform such similar work that their originality may be called into question. The Physiologus’ and Bestiaire’s descriptions of spiders’ violent hunting methods were likely informed by the burgeoning of natural history writing that accompanied the recovery of Aristotle’s History of Animals, but for these texts’ allegorical interpretations I argue that we should look to Odo of Cheriton’s Latin fables from earlier in the thirteenth century. There is an explicit link between Odo’s fables and the Middle English Physiologus and implicit connections with the French Bestiaire. Together, these analogues demonstrate a small but coherent tradition of emphasizing the diabolical violence of spiders in the multilingual environment of thirteenth-century England and France.

This article borrows from the field of cognitive psychology to add nuance to Jan Assmann’s notion of a prospective cultural memory of death. Whereas Assmann’s view accounts primarily for those cultures that tend to rely upon external honor and social status to formulate a sense of prospective memory of death, those cultures that tend to rely upon internal conceptions of righteousness or culpability have little representation in Assmann’s theory. For more than two decades, the field of cognitive psychology has been developing its own theory of prospective memory. There, prospective memory is the memory of (typically mundane, everyday) tasks an individual must accomplish at some point in the future (e.g., buying milk, meeting someone, or running an errand). Certain memory aids (e.g., a note in a calendar or a string tied around a finger) might assist individuals in the retrieval of prospective memories. So too might material, literary, or folkloric aids be culturally employed to assist a culture in remembering its prospects for death, dying, and the afterlife. This article explores ways that cognitive prospective memory might be useful in understanding how prospective cultural memories of death and the afterlife might have changes in Old Norse-Icelandic sources as the region’s religious landscape developed during the transitions from pre-Christian to Christian, and then from Catholic to post-Reformation, worldviews.