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"Folklore Czech Republic"
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The paper deals with the transformation of society and culture in totalitarianism through the example of the Czech folklore revival movement between 1948 and 1989. While describing the main objectives of communist cultural policy, the paper observes the reasons for the mass development of folk ensembles in the 1950s, the gradual transformations to their activity, and the philosophy behind it. The degree of cooperation between folk ensembles and political power, as well as the exploitation of these troupes to promote the communist regime, was varied. Politically-engagé performances by such ensembles and their participation in events organized by the totalitarian state apparatus have resulted in many Czech people adopting a negative attitude towards the folklore revival movement as a whole. In the fact most members of these ensembles were not motivated by politics – for many of them, this leisure activity was an escape from reality to the romantically viewed world of folk tradition.
Journal Article
Cultural Tourism as a Possible Driver of Rural Development in Czechia. Wine Tourism in Moravia as a Case Study
The paper connects culture, tourism and rural development. It tries to make an overview of various forms of cultural tourism in Czechia. Attractions of cultural tourism are identified and ranked according to their cognitive function. Their list includes cultural heritage in spheres of archaeological sites, architecture, arts, folklore, pilgrimages, technical works, cultural events or protected landscape areas. The culture of wine in Southern Moravia has been chosen as an example. Its analysis was elaborated using the Importance/Performance Analysis. Czechia has great potential for the cultural tourism development in rural areas but it seems to demand a great deal of work when one needs to be constantly reconciling the changing interests of tourists with the potential of the regions. One of the important goals is to attract tourists into rural areas and thus limit their concentration in the most attractive places. Rural cultural tourism seems to be a significant aspect in this respect. The part of the study is the example of the adaptation of the current situation with COVID-19 to properly support the development and cultural potential of domestic tourism in South Moravian region in relation to the economic impacts on international tourism.
Journal Article
How the Golem Came to Prague
This article examines the emergence of the Golem legend associated with the Maharal of Prague in the first half of the nineteenth century, with specific attention to the innovations found in two little-known versions by important Jewish literary figures of the era: the Bohemian-born Viennese poet and editor Ludwig Frankl and the Danish writer Meir Aaron Goldschmidt. These versions, it is argued, reveal several crucial mechanisms that help explain the shift from a Golem tale distributed among various individual places and rabbis, to one with little or no specificity at all, and finally to the Prague version that dominates the subsequent literary and artistic manifestations of the legend. The proliferation of non-Jewish renditions of the legend in the first quarter of the century, starting with the folklorist Jakob Grimm’s brief report in 1808, provides a context for several Jewish reconfigurations of the material around the centrality of Prague and its most famous rabbi, the Maharal. By 1847, the transition is complete with the near-canonical version published by Leopold Weisel in the popular and influential anthology of Bohemian Jewish tales, Sippurim. But in the decade leading up to Weisel’s publication, Frankl and Goldschmidt both produce intricate and sophisticated versions that offer a glimpse into the motifs and techniques engaged by the Jewish literary imagination of the period.
Journal Article
Ancient Coppice Woodlands in the Landscape of the Czech Republic
Ancient coppice woodlands are forest stands of coppice origin with a long-term continual development and preserved typical natural and historic elements of old coppices. Significant natural elements in ancient coppices include polycormons of coppice shoots, pollard trees, trees with holes, dendrotelms, reserved trees, ecotones, glades and significant plant and animal species. Significant historic elements of localities with ancient coppices include archaeological monuments, boundary ditches and walls, boundary stones, boundary trees, myths and legends, sacral objects, old roads and paths, technical objects and plough land remainders. The paper presents differentiation of assumptions for the occurrence of ancient coppices in the territory of the Czech Republic using the COPF coefficient and examples of results from basic regional inventory (Kuřim region) and detailed local survey (locality Lebeďák) of coppice-originated forests. The extinction of the phenomenon of ancient coppice woodlands would mean irreparable impoverishment of the natural and cultural heritage.
Journal Article
The Metropolis and the Attic: Spatial Representations of Jewish Identity in Kafka and the Golem of Prague
In response to this unexpected affinity, this paper attempts to analyze the spatial representation of Jewish identity in iterations of the Golem legend and Kafka's texts - Alois Jirásek's retelling of the Golem legend in Old Czech Legends (Staré povesti ceské, 1894), Yudl Rosenberg's treatment of the legend in The Golem and the Wondrous Deeds of the Maharal of Prague (Nifla'ot Maharal, 1909), Kafka's \"Report to an Academy\" (\"Ein Bericht für eine Akademie,\" 1917) and, of course, The Metamorphosis (Die Verwandlung, 1915) - surveying their shifts between modes of metropolitan mobility and the sequestration of the ghetto. [...]this progressive reading of mobility and cosmopolitanism is haunted by the latent spatial representations of Jewish identity inherent in the texts themselves: a closeted Judaism, hidden away in the \"attic\" or the bedroom - spaces of exclusion and containment, where assimilated Jews conceal the part of themselves full of powerful potentiality that, either out of present obligation or possible future necessity, they cannot fully suppress.
Journal Article
Social context of folklorism in late 19th century Moravia
Text na zaklade identifikovanych kontaktu a krizi moravskeho venkova ale take explicitne odhalene symboliky jevu tradicni lidove kultury odhaluje folklorizmus jako symbolicky system, ktery byl na moravskem venkove konce 19. stoleti vyuzivan v ramci celkem tri casto se prekryvajicich ideologickych diskurzu: nejen ceskeho nacionalismu a konzervativismu (casto nabozenskeho), ale take emancipacnich nalad venkova, i kdyz se casto jednotlive ideologicke ramce v praxi prekryvaly. Text vede k zaveru, ze snazit se porozumet sdileni folklorizmu na moravskem venkove ve druhe polovine 19. stoleti znamena brat v uvahu dosud opomijenou pritomnou krizi venkova zpusobenou industrializaci a urbanizaci. Jejim symptomem byla depopulace venkova, ktera nektere casti Moravy destruovala, jinde jen vytvarela tlak. Tento tlak mohl pouze v relativne zachovalych, urcitou velikost udrzujicich vesnickych komunitach stat za vznikem vhodnych podminek pro vyuzivani symbolickeho potencialu folklorizmu k artikulaci pozitiv venkovskeho zivota a venkova jako kulturniho prostoru pro ziti.//Based on identified contacts and crises in rural Moravia, and using the explicitly obvious symbolism of traditional rural culture, this paper presents folklorism as a symbolic system, utilized in late 19th-century rural Moravia within three often overlapping ideological discourses: Czech nationalism and conservatism (often founded in religion), as well as emancipation tendencies of the countryside, even if in reality, the ideologies had often overlapped. The paper concludes that in our attempt to understand the shared folklorism in late 19th-century rural Moravia, we need to take into consideration the as yet overlooked crisis of the countryside, caused by emerging industrialization and urbanization. One of its symptoms was the depopulation of the countryside, which had either outright destroyed some parts of rural Moravia, and created a pressure in others. In relatively well-preserved, sufficiently populated rural communities, this could have created conditions suitable for utilizing the symbolic potential of folklorism to emphasize the merits and virtues of rural life and present the countryside as a suitably cultured space for living. [web URL: http://ceskylid.avcr.cz/article/103/2/474/]
Journal Article
Něco za něco…“: Folklorní hnutí v českých zemích ve světle totalitární kulturní politiky
Příspěvek se zabývá proměnou společnosti a kultury v totalitarismu na příkladu folklorního hnutí v českých zemích v letech 1948–1989. Text reflektuje výsledky výzkumu realizovaného metodou orální historie v kombinaci se studiem oficiálních i neoficiálních písemných a obrazových pramenů. Popisuje hlavní cíle komunistické kulturní politiky, sleduje důvody masového rozvoje folklorních souborů v 50. letech i postupné proměny filozofie jejich činnosti. Míra kooperace folklorních souborů s politickou mocí a jejich využívání pro propagaci komunistického režimu byla různorodá. Politicky angažovaná vystoupení i účast na akcích organizovaných totalitárním státním aparátem – to vše vedlo k tomu, že část české veřejnosti má k folklornímu hnutí jako celku negativní postoj. Přesto je dnes zřejmé, že motivace činnosti většiny členů folklorních souborů byla nepolitická a pro mnohé byl tento způsob trávení volného času únikem z reality do romanticky nahlíženého světa lidové kultury a jejího étosu.
Journal Article
Zítra se bude tančit všude, aneb jak jsme se protancovali ke svobodě. Dichotomie tzv. folklorního hnutí druhé poloviny 20. století
Cílem příspěvku je vypořádat se s \"folklórním revivalovým hnutím\", tedy s činnostmi lidových souborů - široce rozšířeným fenoménem v bývalém socialistickém Československu (1848-1989), který má svou kontinuitu v dnešní České republice. Jedná se o interdisciplinární projekt založený na metodách orální historie, textové analýzy a antropologickém studiu hudby a tance, jehož cílem je prozkoumat rozmanitost tohoto fenoménu a jeho ideologické konotace. Vyšetřování vychází z příběhů, které se vyskytují v diskursu sociokulturního kontextu lidových souborů v různých obdobích tzv. Folklórního hnutí. Příběhy poskytují značný materiál, který je třeba interpretovat s cílem porozumět zvláštnostem fenoménu folklórního oživujícího hnutí v konkrétním sociokulturním a politickém kontextu. Cílem projektu je prozkoumat dvojznačnost fenoménu folklórního hnutí v českých zemích. Výzkum poskytne různé pohledy na to, do jaké míry je hnutí nástrojem moci a do jaké míry to byla příležitost k realizaci vlastních strategií.
Journal Article
Languages of Community
With a keen eye for revealing details, Hillel J. Kieval examines the contours and distinctive features of Jewish experience in the lands of Bohemia and Moravia (the present-day Czech Republic), from the late eighteenth to the late twentieth century. In the Czech lands, Kieval writes, Jews have felt the need constantly to define and articulate the nature of group identity, cultural loyalty, memory, and social cohesiveness, and the period of \"modernizing\" absolutism, which began in 1780, brought changes of enormous significance. From that time forward, new relationships with Gentile society and with the culture of the state blurred the traditional outlines of community and individual identity. Kieval navigates skillfully among histories and myths as well as demography, biography, culture, and politics, illuminating the maze of allegiances and alliances that have molded the Jewish experience during these 200 years.
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