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result(s) for
"Food habits Philippines."
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Balut : fertilized eggs and the making of culinary capital in the Filipino diaspora
\"Grounded in folkloristics and anthropology, Margaret Magat explores both the traditional and popular culture contexts of balut. Balut - fertilized duck or chicken eggs that have developed into fully formed embryos with feathers and beaks - is a delicacy which elicits passionate responses. Hailed as an aphrodisiac in Filipino culture, balut is often seen and used as an object of revulsion and disgust in western popular culture. Drawing on interviews, participant observation, reality television programs, travel shows,food blogs, and balut-eating contests, Magat examines balut production and consumption, its role in drinking rituals, sex, and the supernatural, vampire-like legends behind it. Balut reveals how traditional foods are used in the performance of identity and ethnicity, inspiring a virtual online cottage industry via social media as well as the impact globalization and migration are having on cultural practices and food consumption across the world. The first academic book on balut, this is essential reading for anyone in food studies, folklore studies, anthropology, and Asian American studies\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Food sources, energy and nutrient intakes of adults: 2013 Philippines National Nutrition Survey
Background
Comprehensive assessment of dietary intakes of foods and nutrients in Filipino adults are lacking. This study evaluated energy and nutrient intakes and food sources of key nutrients consumed by Filipino adults.
Methods
The participants were from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey wherein food intake of young adults aged 19–49 years (
n
= 12,896) and older adults aged 50 years and above (
n
= 7853) were collected using 24-h recalls. Usual nutrient intakes were estimated using PC-SIDE program. The Philippines Dietary Reference Intakes were used to calculate proportions of inadequate intake using Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR). Energy adequacy was evaluated using the Institute of Medicine (IOM) equation for Estimated Energy Requirements (EER).
Results
The nutrient intakes with the highest prevalence of inadequacy (> 50%) were: iron (97–99%), vitamin C (96–98%), calcium (95–98%), riboflavin (86–91%), folate (89–90%), thiamine (73–89%), energy (67–70%), total fat (55–67%), and vitamin A (54–56%). Refined rice, pork and breads contributed most to daily intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrates, thiamine, riboflavin, and iron. Low intake of vegetables, fruits and dairy was common in both age groups.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that intakes of many nutrients were markedly inadequate among adults in the Philippines, due to the rice-dominant dietary pattern with few nutrient-dense foods. These results can be used to support the development of specific interventions to improve the shortfalls in nutrient intakes.
Journal Article
Tikim : essays on Philippine food and culture
\"Tikim: Essays on Philippine Food and Culture by Doreen G. Fernandez is a groundbreaking work that introduces readers to the wondrous history of Filipino foodways. First published by Anvil in 1994, Tikim explores the local and global nuances of Philippine cuisine through its people, places, feasts, and flavors. Doreen Gamboa Fernandez (1934-2002) was a cultural historian, professor, author, and columnist. Her food writing educated and inspired generations of chefs and food enthusiasts in the Philippines and throughout the world. This Brill volume honors and preserves Fernandez's legacy with a reprinting of Tikim, a foreword by chef and educator Aileen Suzara, and an editor's preface by historian Catherine Ceniza Choy\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Meal skipping among adolescents in the Philippines: prevalence, associated factors, and associations with dietary, mental health, and health risk behavioural outcomes
Background
Meal skipping is poorly understood among adolescents in Southeast Asia. The study aimed to investigate the type of and any meal skipping prevalence, its associated factors (sociodemographic and protective) and associations between meal skipping types and dietary, mental, and various health risk behaviour outcomes among school adolescents in the Philippines.
Method
The 2019 Philippines Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), a nationally representative survey of teenagers aged 11 to 18 (mean age 13.8 years, Standard Deviation-SD = 1.5) that used a multistage sampling technique, provided the study’s data. In order to determine the variables associated with meal skipping (breakfast, lunch, dinner, any meal) and associations of meal skipping with six dietary indicators, four mental health indicators, and ten health risk behaviours, the study used bivariate and multivariable multinomial and binary logistic regression analysis.
Results
The past-month prevalence of most skipping breakfast was 37.1%, most skipping lunch 20.1%, most skipping dinner 10.8%, and any meal skipping 68.1%. Most of the students (89.1%) reported having been exposed to healthy eating classes in school, and 51.7% said that they cannot buy soft drinks in school. Female sex, older adolescents, lower socioeconomic status, not being religious, no school truancy, low or no peer and/or parental support were associated with meal (breakfast, lunch, and/or dinner) skipping. Exposure to skipping breakfast, lunch, dinner, or any meal increased the odds of low vegetable, soft drink, and fast-food intake, overweight, obesity, suicidal ideation, plan, attempt, psychological distress, sedentary behaviour, alcohol use, drug use, physical injury, poor hand, and oral hygiene, and not always wearing a seatbelt.
Conclusion
Almost seven in 10 adolescents skipped any meal in the past month. Sociodemographic and protective factors were associated with meal skipping. Exposure to meal skipping was associated with 15 out of 17 dietary, mental health, and other health risk behaviour outcomes. In order to lower various adverse health outcomes in adolescents, the results thus showed how important it is to improve in a regular meal pattern, particularly meal frequency and meal skipping. Interventions incorporating parental and peer engagement could be strengthened alongside school health education to effectively address meal skipping behaviours.
Journal Article
Evidence of new endemic foci of the foodborne helminths Angiostrongylus spp. in rats in selected communities in the Philippines
Background
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
(rat lungworm) is a zoonotic foodborne parasite causing meningoencephalitis among humans and animals. Neuroangiostrongyliasis is a globally emerging public health concern with several reported outbreaks; however, it remains neglected in the Philippines, where a lack of information on this parasite leads to underreporting and misdiagnosis. A good understanding of parasite epidemiology underpinned by accurate diagnosis is essential for treatment and control of parasitic diseases. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of
Angiostrongylus
spp. in rats in selected communities on Mindanao and Luzon Islands in the Philippines and provide accurate identification using molecular techniques.
Methods
A total of 126 rats were collected from selected communities in Laguna, Davao del Sur, Agusan del Sur, and Surigao del Norte. Lungs were harvested after dissection and artificially digested to isolate the parasite. DNA was extracted from the parasite, and SSU-rRNA and COI genes were amplified and sequenced.
Results
Results showed an
Angiostrongylus
spp. prevalence of 37.3% in rats with significantly higher prevalence in rural and sub-urban communities. Molecular analysis revealed two species:
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
and
A. malaysiensis
. This represents the first report of co-endemic
Angiostrongylus
spp. in Agusan del Sur, Mindanao.
Conclusions
Our study revealed a high prevalence of
Angiostrongylus
spp. among rats from selected communities in the Philippines and identified new endemic sites, showing that the distribution of the parasite is wider than previously appreciated. Furthermore, two species were identified, which provides evidence of diverse
Angiostrongylus
species in the country. However, further studies are needed to investigate the pathogenicity of
A. malaysiensis
. Evidence of
Angiostrongylus
spp. in rats and the habit of eating raw or improperly prepared food in the surveyed communities may imply unseen transmission of
Angiostrongylus
spp. to humans. This highlights the need to establish the public health importance of angiostrongyliasis in the country starting with a surveillance scheme for this parasite.
Graphical abstract
Journal Article
Sex Differences in Dietary Patterns of Adults and Their Associations with the Double Burden of Malnutrition: A Population-Based National Survey in the Philippines
A dietary pattern transition is a risk factor for the double burden of malnutrition (DBM), but related information is limited. This study aimed to identify sex differences in dietary patterns of adults in a low–middle income country and to examine their association with DBM. A total of 8957 adults (4465 men and 4492 non-pregnant and non-lactating women) who participated in the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey were included in the analysis. Logistic regression models were formulated to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and DBM. The factor analysis derived seven dietary patterns for males and six patterns for females. Results showed that approximately 30% of Filipino adults suffered from DBM. The rice pattern was associated with lower odds of DBM for males only. The meat and sugar pattern in males and the protein-rich foods, cereal, and sugar pattern in females decreased DBM likelihood. An inverse relationship was observed for the vegetables and corn patterns, wherein females had an increased risk for DBM. Our findings suggest that rice-based and meat-containing patterns could play protective roles in DBM development among adults in the Philippines. Understanding sex-specific dietary patterns can be utilized to guide public health nutrition interventions in the prevention of malnutrition in all its forms.
Journal Article
Evaluating factors influencing customers’ intention to eat Korean cuisine “Samgyeopsal” in the Philippines: A structural equation model forest classifier approach
Samgyeopsal has become a widely popular cuisine in the Philippines since 2014. The rise of Samgyeopsal is evident worldwide as it is available in countries such as the United States, Northern, and Southern Asia. This study aimed to explore the intention to eat Samgyeopsal during the COVID-19 pandemic utilizing structural equation modeling and random forest classifier. With a total of 1014 responses collected online, the result showed that utilitarian and hedonic motivation, Korean influence, and attitude led to very high actual behavior in east Samgyeopsal in the Philippines. Moreover, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention led to significant results influencing intention to actual behavior. Lastly, the COVID-19 safety protocol showed the least significant result. This study is the first study that evaluated the intention of consumers to eat Samgyeopsal in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study would be beneficial to Korean BBQ restaurateurs and the further development of their marketing strategies even in other countries. Finally, the model construct of this study can be extended and applied in evaluating the consumers’ eating intention toward other varieties of food or cuisines worldwide.
Journal Article
Understanding the corporate political activity of the ultra - processed food industry in East Asia: a Philippines case study
Background
Evidence is mounting that the ultra - processed food industry seeks to influence food and nutrition policies in ways that support market growth and protect against regulatory threats, often at the expense of public health. However, few studies have explored how this occurs in lower - middle income countries. We aimed to explore if and how the ultra - processed food industry seeks to influence food- and nutrition - related policy processes in the Philippines, a lower - middle income country in East Asia.
Methods
Semi - structured key informant interviews were conducted with ten representatives from the Philippines government and non - government organisations closely involved with nutrition policy making in the Philippines. Interview schedules and data analysis were guided by the policy dystopia model, which we used to identify the instrumental and discursive strategies used by corporate actors to influence policy outcomes.
Results
Informants were of the view that ultra - processed food companies in the Philippines sought to delay, prevent, water - down and circumvent implementation of globally recommended food and nutrition policies by engaging in a range of strategies. Discursive strategies included various tactics in which globally recommended policies were framed as being ineffective or highlighting potential unintended negative impacts. Instrumental strategies included: directly engaging with policymakers; promoting policies, such as industry - led codes and practices, as substitutes for mandatory regulations; presenting evidence and data that industry has generated themselves; and offering gifts and financial incentives to government individuals and agencies.
Conclusions
In the Philippines, the ultra - processed food industry engaged in overt activities designed to influence food and nutrition policy processes in their favour. A range of measures to minimise industry influence on policy processes should be introduced, to ensure that implemented food and nutrition policies align with best practice recommendations.
Journal Article
Comparison of Eating Habits in Obese and Non-obese Filipinas Living in an Urban Area of Japan
This study compares eating habits among obese and non-obese Filipinas living in an urban area of Japan. We used self-report questionnaires to study 635 Filipinos. Body mass index (BMI) and eating/lifestyle habits were noted. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m². Seventeen percent (24/140) were obese. Results of the age-adjusted multiple logistic regression analysis show that the following responses were associated with obesity: “frequency of eating high green and yellow vegetables” (every day: 0, not every day: 1) [OR 4.9; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.6–14.8] and “frequency of eating high fruits” (every day: 0, not every day: 1) (OR. 2; 95 % CI. 1–.7). We suggest strategies to prevent obesity and improve eating habits among this Filipina population.
Journal Article
Dietary diversity scores can be improved through the use of portion requirements: an analysis in young Filipino children
Objectives: Early childhood malnutrition is a pressing international concern which dietary diversity scores (summary scores of food groups in the diet) may be helpful in addressing. We explored three current research needs surrounding diversity scores: the impact of portion size on score function, the relationship of scores to nutrient adequacy and density and the ability of scores to function as screening tools. Subjects/Methods: 1810 children, age 24 months. Cross sectional study of a birth cohort. Results: We evaluated two nine food group dietary diversity scores based on 0 and 10 g minimum food group requirements for their relationship to nutrient adequacy and nutrient density. Both scores were significantly correlated with nutrient adequacy and density and predicted statistically significant increases (P<0.05) in the probability of adequacy for all nutrients. However, correlations and predicted increases were somewhat larger for the 10 g score. We also considered the sensitivity and specificity of each score for detecting low and high nutrient adequacy in the population. The 10 g cutoff improved score ability to predict low nutrient adequacy, and reduced the misclassification of subjects for all comparisons. Conclusions: This research suggests that the score without portion requirements reflects dietary adequacy, but when feasible, further refinement of diversity scores is desirable through the application of minimum portion requirements.
Journal Article