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Limitations of traditional geospatial measures, like the modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI), are well documented. In response, we aimed to: (1) extend existing food environment measures by inductively developing subcategories to increase the granularity of healthy . less healthy food retailers; (2) establish replicable coding processes and procedures; and (3) demonstrate how a food retailer codebook and database can be used in healthy public policy advocacy. We expanded the mRFEI measure such that 'healthy' food retailers included grocery stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets, wholesalers, bulk food stores, produce outlets, butchers, delis, fish and seafood shops, juice/smoothie bars, and fresh and healthy quick-service retailers; and 'less healthy' food retailers included fast-food restaurants, convenience stores, coffee shops, dollar stores, pharmacies, bubble tea restaurants, candy stores, frozen dessert restaurants, bakeries, and food trucks. Based on 2021 government food premise licences, we used geographic information systems software to evaluate spatial accessibility of healthy and less healthy food retailers across census tracts and in proximity to schools, calculating differences between the traditional . expanded mRFEI. Calgary and Edmonton, Canada. N/A. Of the 10 828 food retailers geocoded, 26 % were included using traditional mRFEI measures, while 53 % were included using our expanded categorisation. Changes in mean mRFEI across census tracts were minimal, but the healthfulness of food environments surrounding schools significantly decreased. Overall, we show how our mRFEI adaptation, and transparent reporting on its use, can promote more nuanced and comprehensive food environment assessments to better support local research, policy and practice innovations.

The pickup truck, loaded with buckets full of banku balls and groundnut soup, stops on the red earth courtyard of Tamale's residential mental health centre, where the windows are boarded up, the staff and funding long gone. The food truck on a road in Tamale, with one of the cooks, Mary (right), and the driver, Somebody (left). Somebody got his moniker because the clinic needed \"somebody\" to do odd jobs and he stepped up to the plate. CMAJ invites contributions to Dispatches from the medical front, in which physicians and other health care providers offer eyewitness glimpses of medical frontiers, whether defined by location or intervention. The frequency of the section will be conditional on submissions, which must run a maximum 350 words or be subject to our ruthless editorial pencils. Forward submissions to: wayne.kondro@cma.ca

Soon after 9/11, Robinson and Goldfarb (2002) prepared a paper for the C. D. Howe Institute that explored the possibility that security-related tie-ups at the Canada-U.S. border could significantly impact location decisions. To assess the vulnerability of Canada's exports to U.S. security-related measures, the study collated 23 categories of goods that were both highly valuable and highly vulnerable against five characteristics that affect vulnerability: physical security, mode of transport, time sensitivity, susceptibility to disruptions in the movement of people, and ease of substitution by U.S. production. These goods included food products, motor vehicle parts, electrical equipment, semiconductors, and aerospace products. The study concluded by noting that for Canadian companies in vulnerable industry sectors, it was conceivable that those that had previously planned to invest in production facilities in Canada to serve their U.S. operations or to accommodate American consumers might react to higher perceived or real border-related costs by adding to their capacity on the U.S. side of the border instead of in Canada. Hence, for any of the above-mentioned situations, the outcome for individual companies could result in a trade-off between increased security-related costs and more cost-efficient locations for production and warehousing on the other side of the border. What evidence exists that the current costs of border management are likely to result in the necessity for such trade-offs? According to [Taylor, Robideaux], and Jackson (2003), the current system of border management is costing the U.S. and Canadian economies between US$7.5 and US$13.2 billion per annum as a result of organizational inefficiencies. The equivalent estimate by the Ontario Chamber of Commerce (OCC) is C$13 billion (OCC 2004). In a more recent study, the OCC estimates the annual cost of border delays to the U.S. economy to be C$4.13 billion, or more than C$471,000 an hour (OCC 2005). And, finally, a recent estimate by the authors puts the cost at roughly US$6 billion for Canada alone ([ALAN MACPHERSON] and McConnell 2005). Although methodological contrasts likely explain much of the variance in these estimates, our key point is that most of the recent empirical studies point to additional post-9/11 costs of at least US$5 billion per annum for the Canadian and U.S. economies combined. At the Peace Bridge that links Buffalo with Fort Erie, for example, average wait-times for inbound shipments from Canada are on the order of 59 minutes per truck. If these wait-times were reduced to 14 minutes (which is the key goal of the bi-national Peace Bridge authority over the next few years), then transportation carriers would realize more than $ 1 billion in time savings (Regional Institute 2007). For example, if a Canadian company is seriously considering relocating some of its U.S. production operations back to Canada, or moving new investment capital into the U.S. to acquire or construct a new production facility, what are the factors being considered, how are these factors being evaluated, and what is the likelihood that the company will actually follow through with a particular course of action? What is needed is a well-structured, longitudinal investigation that would track a set of companies and their executives over a sufficiently long period of time that a comprehensive assessment could be made of how increased security costs are affecting production networks, supply chains, and logistics management. These are key issues deserving of more empirical work, and some of these concerns are currently being pursued by research underway at the Canada-US. Trade Center through personal interviews with executives who indicated in the previous survey that they were seriously considering such actions. Preliminary evidence from Vance (2007) indicates that most of these firms are still thinking about these issues, though several executives anticipate that future rounds of border-hardening will necessitate strategic adjustments over the next few years. These new rounds of border-hardening include the possibility of mandatory passport entry for all travelers to the U.S. from 2009 onward (including U.S. citizens entering the U.S. from Canada), stricter security clearance for truck drivers, more stringent enforcement of the 2002 Bioterrorism Act (which regulates imports of food and other biological materials), and the deployment of larger numbers of security personnel at U.S. ports of entry. Although many U.S. and Canadian exporters have successfully climbed the learning curve in terms of regulatory compliance in the post-9/11 era, as predicted by Industry Canada (2004) and recently reported by Vance (2007), the security regime continues to tighten on an incremental basis.

Palestinian Red Crescent says that at least 26 Palestinianswere killed and more than 80 others injured after Israeli troopsopened fire. This was near an aid distribution center in southernGaza. Nearly 80 aid trucks traveling through southern and central Gazawere looted by desperate civilians on Saturday, the U.N. World FoodProgramme said as famine conditions worsen in the Palestinian enclave.In a statement issued on X, the WFP said 77 trucks had crossed intoGaza loaded with flour. All of them \"were stopped along the way, withfood taken mainly by hungry people trying to feed their families.\" Itadded that \"after 80 days of a total blockade, communities arestarving -- and they are no longer willing to let food pass them by.\"Middle East envoy Steve Witkoff said he received a response to thehostage proposal from the Palestinian militant group Hamas, slammingit as \"totally unacceptable\" and arguing that it will only take allsides involved \"backward.\" Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz is urging hisfellow Democrats to show they will fight for the working class. In thekeynote address on Saturday at the South Carolina Democratic Party'sState Convention in Columbia, Walz acknowledged his part in lastyear's losing ticket. \"We didn't just lose the working class. We lostthe working class to a billionaire who gives tax cuts to otherbillionaires,\" Walz said. Mexico began unprecedented elections Sunday,June 1, allowing voters to choose their judges at all levels, in acountry where drug cartels and other vested interests regularly seekto alter the course of justice. Massive wildfires burning out ofcontrol in western and central Canada are forcing thousands to flee asdire forecasts for the country's fire season come to fruition. Theintensifying blazes are also sending hazardous smoke toward majorcities in the United States. An undocumented man who was accused bythe Department of Homeland Security Secretary, Kristi Noem, last weekof threatening to assassinate Donald Trump in a letter may have beenframed by someone accused of previously attacking the man, accordingto news reports. Investigators are said to be looking into whether theletter was an attempt to get the man deported, to prevent him fromtestifying against his alleged attacker. The extremely publicaccusation against the 54-year-old father of three, Ramon Morales-Reyes, led to his arrest and detention by Immigration and CustomsEnforcement officials. U.S. Sen. Joni Ernst posted a sarcastic apologyvideo following a viral moment when she told a town hall audiencemember that \"we all are going to die\" in response to concerns overMedicaid cuts. The Iowa Republican's original comments came at a townhall in Parkersburg on Friday, May 30, while she was answering aquestion about cuts to Medicaid in President Donald Trump's taxpackage that the Senate is poised to consider. GOP senator offerssarcastic apology for \"well, we all are going to die\" comment; Source:Universities quietly negotiating with White House aid to try to avoidHarvard's fate; Suge Knight urges Sean \"Diddy\" Combs to take the standin trial; \"How far I'll go\" -- off this plane!; Thin Wheats vs.originals: Aldi sued for name-brand knockoffs; Sydney Sweeney sellingsoap made from her bathwater; \"My Happy Place\" new episodes airstonight at 10PM (ET/PT); Atlantic season begins today, lasts throughend of November; NOAA forecasts 6 to 10 names storms to becomehurricanes; National Hurricane Center: 60 percent chance of an above-normal season; NWS director: \"This outlook is a call to action: Beprepared\"; Pacers headed to NBA Finals for first time in 25 ears; Top-3 American women all advance at Roland-Garros; PSG crowned Europeanchamps with historic 5-0 win. GUESTS: Alex Sanz, Madeleine Simmons