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"Foreign workers, Haitian"
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The Canada-Caribbean remittance corridor : fostering formal remittances to Haiti and Jamaica through effective regulation
Several economies in the Caribbean region, especially from the lower income group, are highly dependent on remittances. Between 1991 and 2006, the combined flows of total remittances reaching the Caribbean have seen almost a 17% average annual growth rate, surpassing USD 6billion in 2005 and overtaking ODA and FDI into the region. In addition, remittances represent more than 20% of the domestic gross domestic product (GDP) in some Caribbean countries and have played a significant role in lessening both balance of payment deficits and the impact of natural disasters to which the region is particularly vulnerable. Given the importance of such remittance flows, this study undertakes an analysis of the various dynamics underlying the Canada-Caribbean remittance corridor, including Caribbean migration issues, remittance market landscapes and regulatory frameworks. This study is intended to assist Canadian and Caribbean national authorities in their mandate of providing incentives for the continued growth and competitiveness of their remittance industries, while protecting remittance markets from being abused by criminals.
eBook
The Canada-Caribbean remittance corridor
Several economies in the Caribbean region, especially from the lower income group, are highly dependent on remittances. Between 1991 and 2006, the combined flows of total remittances reaching the Caribbean have seen almost a 17% average annual growth rate, surpassing USD 6billion in 2005 and overtaking ODA and FDI into the region. In addition, remittances represent more than 20% of the domestic gross domestic product (GDP) in some Caribbean countries and have played a significant role in lessening both balance of payment deficits and the impact of natural disasters to which the region is parti
Publication
Survival in a hostile land: Dominican women of Haitian descent in Santo Domingo
The ingrained nature of Dominican racial discrimination toward ethnic Haitians and their children has created a condition of extreme poverty characterized by the denial of basic human rights and needs, including access to citizenship. Based on two months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Santo Domingo and the surrounding regions, this project explores the subsequent socioeconomic realities of ethnic Haitian women in the Dominican Republic (DR). This work is based on semi-structured, open-ended interviews with 18 women living in urban Santo Domingo and los bateyes, or former sugarcane cutter communities, and meetings with 10 human rights-focused non-governmental organizations operating in Santo Domingo. I argue that unless the Dominican Republic relaxes its current aggressive stance against Dominicans of Haitian descent, the position of these women will continue to deteriorate. This thesis explores the myriad of problems these women face in confronting social barriers in this context. Furthermore, an analysis of the NGO community of Santo Domingo shows how new social movement organizations (SMO) emerging in the last five years provide an opportunity for a Dominican and Haitian alliance across ethnic lines, given the current discontent among students, women's rights activists and human rights organizations.
Dissertation
Acceptability and Feasibility of Home-Based Hepatitis B Screening Among Haitian Immigrants
Hepatitis B (HBV) is endemic in Haiti, therefore Haitian immigrants should be screened to identify and link affected individuals to care. Current screening approaches are ineffective. We assessed the acceptability and feasibility of home-based screening among Haitian immigrants using community health workers (CHWs). We recruited participants exiting a pragmatic trial evaluating strategies to improve care delivery (NCT02970136). Participants completed an acceptability questionnaire. Blood drawn by CHWs at participants’ homes or community sites was tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B surface antibody and hepatitis B core antibody. Of 60 participants, 59 found screening acceptable; 53 had blood drawn. Of those, 45.3% had HBV previously, 49.1% remained susceptible and 5.7% were vaccinated. Respondents cited various reasons community members might find screening unacceptable. The high prior HBV rate highlights the need for effective outreach programs. Home-based HBV screening was both acceptable and feasible among Haitian immigrants.
Journal Article
Barriers to Breast Cancer Screening Among Haitian Immigrant Women in Little Haiti, Miami
Previous research has not examined barriers to mammography screening among Haitian immigrant women through their own discourse. Community Health Workers conducted in-depth interviews with Haitian women in Little Haiti, Miami. We used a grounded theory approach to analyze data from the in-depth interviews. Emergent themes coalesced into three core categories of screening barriers: Structural, Psychosocial, and Socio-Cultural. We developed a model of screening barriers to depict the themes within each core category. Screening barriers must be examined and understood from the social contexts in which they are produced in order to create meaningful interventions.
Journal Article
Mammography Use Among Haitian Women in Miami, Florida: An Opportunity for Intervention
When compared to other racial/ethnic minorities and immigrants in Miami, Florida, Haitian women are more likely to be diagnosed with late-stage breast cancer when the prognosis for survival is poor. This disparity likely reflects mammography underutilization. Previous research has not examined the frequency of mammography use among Haitian women in Miami. Our study addresses this gap. In 2007, Community Health Workers (CHWs) recruited nearly 1,000 Haitian women from community venues across Little Haiti, the predominately Haitian area in Miami, to participate in Rapid Assessment Surveys (RAS). RAS are a quick, cost-efficient method for assessing the prevalence of health behaviors in communities with high-rates of illiteracy and/or distrust of research. Our data indicate Haitian women are less likely than other women in Florida to report regular mammography. Such findings, though not surprising, suggest that grouping all black persons, regardless of ancestry, into one research category may mask variation in disease risk.
Journal Article
Impacts of the 2010 Haitian Earthquake in the Diaspora
In January 2010, a massive earthquake struck Haiti resulting in unprecedented damage. Little attention, however, has focused on the earthquake’s mental health impact in the Haitian diaspora community. As part of an established community-based participatory research initiative in Little Haiti, the predominately Haitian neighborhood in Miami, FL, USA, community health workers conducted surveys with neighborhood residents about earthquakerelated losses, coping strategies, and depressive/traumatic symptomology. Findings reveal the earthquake strongly impacted the diaspora community and highlights prominent coping strategies. Following the earthquake, only a small percentage of participants self-reported engaging in any negative health behaviors. Instead, a majority relied on their social networks for support. This study contributes to the discourse on designing culturally-responsive mental health initiatives for the Haitian diaspora and the ability of existing community-academic partnerships to rapidly adapt to community needs.
Journal Article
Undesirable Aliens: Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism in the Comparison of Haitian and British West Indian Immigrant Workers in Cuba, 1912–1939
This article examines the intersection of class, race, and culture in attempting to explain the forced repatriation of as many as 38,000 Haitians from Cuba during the 1930s. Using a variety of primary and secondary sources, it explores the related yet diverging experience of Haitian and British West Indian immigrant workers in Cuba between the 1910s and the 1930s. The study challenges the tendency to analyze the histories of black populations exclusively in terms of race, thus ignoring the ethnic and national identities which distinguish different groups within the African diaspora from one another. The article examines the main differences between the two black immigrant populations in Cuba, including their structural characteristics, the social and religious institutions they formed, the diplomatic representation they received, and the perceptions that native Cubans held toward them. Although all Afro-Caribbean immigrants confronted \"conjugated oppression\" based on race and class, Haitians in particular faced discrimination based on culture and ethnicity, culminating in mass deportation as economic decline coalesced with a rising Cuban nationalism during the 1930s.
Journal Article